Neuroscience and Behavior ch.3

motor neurons

Neurons that carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles to produce movement. Motor neurons- takes info away

interneurons

Neurons that connect sensory neurons, motor neurons, or other interneurons.

axon hillock

cone shaped structure between the cell body and axon; essential to the firing of a neuron

dendrites (functions)

constitute the major signal receiving are of the neuron

signals from other neurons are received and relayed to the cell body by

dendrites

terminal buttons

endings of the axon branches

Microtubles

fine tubes that course through the neural cytoplasm; they provide rates fro the transport of molecules and neurons

the first true central nervous system appeared in

flatworms

Golgi apparatus

systems of smooth plate shaped membranes sacs in the cytoplasm of cells; they package proteins and other molecules in small membrane sacs

Mitochondria

(power house) structures of the cytoplasm that play a role in the cells respiration and in its production and use of energy

signals are transmitted from one neuron to another

across a synapse

an electric signal that is conducted along the length of a neuron's axon to the synapse is called

an action potential

myline sheath

an insulating layer of fatty material; part of the axon More myelinated the faster the speed of the impulse; less myelinated= slower

the... automatically controls the organs of the body

autonomic nervous system

neurons

cells in the nervous system that communicate with one another to perform information processing tasks

compared with reptiles and birds, humans have the most highly developed

cerebral cortex

nodes of Ranvier

gaps between adjacent glial segments on a myelinated axon; aid in the speed of the conduction of the impulse

the... regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior

hypothalamus

nucleus

in the cytoplasm of every cell; contains genetic material, in neurons located in the cell body

genes help determine the... that an individual will express specific characteristics

likelihood

synaptic vesicles

membrane sacs that store neurotransmitters molecules ready for release near the synaptic membrane; they are manufacture by the Golgi Apparatus

cell body

metabolic center of the neuron; also called Soma

what explains the apparent beneficial effects of cardiovascular excessive on aspects of brain function and cognitive performance

neuron plasticity

the chemicals that transmit information across the synapse to a receiving neuron's dendrites are called

neurotransmitters

axon

part of a neuron that transmits info to other neurons, muscles, or glands; very in size and lengths, 100 billion plus

which is a fuction of a neuron

processing information, communicating with other neurons, sending messages to body organs and muscles

which type of neuron receives information from the external world and conveys this information to the brain via the spinal cord

sensory neuron

glial cells

support cells found in the nervous system

when you feel threatened, your .....nervous system prepares you to either fight or run away

sympathetic

the gap between the axon of one neuron a33nd the dendrites of another is called called the

synapse

which part of the hind-brain coordinated fine motor skills

the cerebellum

synapse

the junction or region between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another; one send info another receives.

what part of the brain is involved in movement and orientation

the mid brain

cell body

the part of the neuron that coordinates information processing tasks and keeps the cell alive, also called "Soma"

dendrites

the part of the neuron that receives infro from other neurons and relays it to the cell body