New Spain- Introduction to Colonies

Convert native people to catholicism Use native labor for their projects

after initial settlement- past the 1500 and 1600 hundreds, it's important to note that the Spanish government's goal was not to execute or kill native peoples. The Spanish government's goal was to?

Pueblos

villages where civilians lived- meaning they were not officially a part of the military, but also not priests or nuns involved with the Catholic Church. They were colonists who came to California to settle there permanently

colonists

Often the country that has colonized (has the control) is distant and sends people to settle in the colony (area that is under someone else's control). Those settlers are often called

Mestizo

People who were mixed race- European and Indigenous were called ?

Mulatos

People who were mixed race- partially European and partially black were called?

presidio

This was the first type of settlement in California. They are military forts where soldiers lived. Located in San Diego, Monterey, San Francisco, and Santa Barbara established between 1769 and 1782. In (1810) one was also established in Sonoma.

Young men and young women were sentenced to 20 years of slavery. Children, particularly young girls, were sent to Mexico City. Men, especially those of fighting age, had one foot cut off and then faced 20 years of slavery.

After Juan de Oñate killed bout 800 Acoma people in his expedition. What happened to the survivors?

flee to Mexico

After the Pueblo Revolt was done, what did the Pueblo Indians allow the colonist survivors and the indigenous people who converted to Catholicism do?

New Spain

After the fall of the Aztec's empire, Spanish conquistadors expanded to other areas in North, South, and Central America as well as the Caribbean, establishing colonies in many different places. Collectively, these colonies created by Spain were called ?

missions

Another type of settlement all across New Spain- including Texas, Florida, New Mexico and 21 in California- were established to convert Native Americans to Catholicism and try to incorporate them into "Spanish" society.

neophytes

Baptized natives, often called _________

He was banished from New Mexico for the rest of his life

By 1613 Spain had accused Juan de Oñate of several crimes, including using excessive force among natives. Even in his own time, then, Oñate's peers believed that his treatment of indigenous people in Acoma was wrong. What was his punishment by leadership of these crimes?

150,000

By the 1840s, because of the poor conditions and diseases brought by the Spanish, the estimated Native populations number fell from 300,000 to how many?

Criollos

Children who had Spanish parents, but were born in the New World were called

Saint Augustine, Florida

Established in 1565 by the Spanish, this is the first region to be colonized in what we now consider the United States.

Acoma Pueblo

In 1598 Spain sent soldiers, colonists, and Catholic priests to the area that we now call New Mexico: more than 400 people were sent to establish a colony- a permanent settlement. As winter approached some of the Spanish soldiers approached the _____ ______ (an indigenous community) and demanded provisions (food and supplies). The indigenous community accused the Spanish of stealing and raping women.These indigenous peopl killed about a dozen Spanish soldiers.

Po'Pay (Spanish called him Popé)

In August of 1680 which Pueblo leader lead the Pueblo Revolt against the Spanish in which Santa Fe was attacked, killing around 400 colonists, including 21 missionaries who had pushed religious conversions.

1610

In what year did Santa Fe (actually- La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco d Asisi) became the capital of New Mexico, the first permanent European settlement in the American Southwest

violence fugitism (running away) sabotaging work they were forced to do practiced culture in secret

In which ways did the indigenous people resist the missions?

Juan de Oñate

Spanish expedition heard about this, they were angry. In particular, the leader of the expedition, ____ __ _____, wanted to punish the native peoples. He sent an expedition to Acoma, which resulted in a massacre of the people. About 800 people were killed in Acoma.

colony

is an area that is under the control (political, economic, social) of another country.

cholos

people who had one indigenous parent and one Mestizo parent were called?

New Spain

refers to the Spanish settlements in North America