NFS Ch.4

Which of the following is the best source of dietary fiber? 1 Fiber One Bar Pineapple Beef Melon

1 Fiber One Bar

The daily value for dietary fiber is 25 grams in a 2000 kilocalorie diet. A slice of whole-wheat bread is 8% of the daily value. The slice of whole-wheat bread contains how much fiber?

2 grams

A 2000 calorie diet in which carbohydrate provides 50% of the calories would provide how many grams of carbohydrate?

250

The breakdown of dietary carbohydrates releases ______kcal/g of energy.

4, know amounts for proteins and others too

Carbohydrates provide 60% of the energy in Jimmy John's diet of 2700 kilocalories. This represents how many grams of carbohydrate?

405

The AMDR for carbohydrate intake for a healthy diet has been set at __ of the total energy required.

45-65%

In which individual would you expect the highest muscle glycogen content? A trained athlete consuming 65-70% of kcals as carbohydrates A couch potato A cokehead

A trained athlete consuming 65-70% of kcals as carbohydrates

Dietary fiber can help reduce blood cholesterol levels by: binding cholesterol and bile acids in the GI tract. blocking reabsorption of bile acids in the GI tract. inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver. All of the these choices are correct.

All of the these choices are correct.

Aspartame: is often found in soft drinks. consists of two amino acids linked together. is an artificial sweetener. All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following conditions is likely to increase ketone production? Untreated diabetes Starvation A very low carbohydrate diet All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

Refined grain products contain predominantly what part(s) of the kernel?

Endosperm

Which food would NOT be recommended as a source of calcium to someone who is lactose intolerant? Ice cream Fortified orange juice Tofu

Ice cream

Which hormone is most important for glucose uptake by body cells?

Insulin

What is the role of insulin?

It allows glucose to be taken into the cells of the body.

Which sugar substitute contains phenylalanine, yet is safe for those with phenylketonuria?

Neotame

Which one of the following foods is the most refined? corn flakes apples potatoes

corn flakes

A diet high in dietary fiber can help reduce the risk of developing:

diverticular disease.

The most important determinant for developing lactose intolerance is:

ethnic background.

Which of the following sequences represents a monosaccharide followed by a disaccharide followed by a polysaccharide?

fructose, sucrose, starch

Fructose is found mostly in:

fruits and vegetables.

The ___________ reflects a ranking of how specific foods affect blood glucose as compared to the response of a reference food.

glycemic index

The ______________ reflects a ranking of how specific foods affect blood glucose as compared to the response of a reference food.

glycemic index

Carbohydrate loading, a training technique used by some endurance athletes, can help to increase ______ storage.

glycogen

What is the storage form of carbohydrate in animals?

glycogen

What is a long-term complication of diabetes?

heart disease

The structure of glycogen consists of:

highly branched chains.

Lactose intolerance is caused by:

inadequate production of the enzyme lactase.

For people with Type 1 diabetes, the immune system destroys the:

pancreatic cells that produce insulin.

The concentration of glucose in the blood is primarily regulated by:

pancreatic hormones.

Which of the following foods will cause the fastest glycemic response?

plain white bread

Incidence of lactose intolerance depends on:

racial and ethnic backgrounds.

Dietary fiber promotes a healthy intestinal microflora in part by promoting the production of:

short chain fatty acids which provide metabolic fuel for colonic cells.

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that:

splits glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.

Dental caries, a well-documented heath problem associated with excess sugar intake are caused most often by:

sucrose in the diet.

Type 2 diabetes risk is increased when

the diet is high in refined carbohydrates

Aerobic metabolism occurs in:

the mitochondria of a cell.

Most carbohydrates should come from:

whole foods.

Studies suggest that the incidence of colon cancer may be lowered with high fiber diets. How might this be explained? Fiber decreases contact between mucosal cells and colonic contents. Fiber decreases transit time. Fiber containing foods are usually high in phytochemicals and antioxidant vitamins. All of these statements are true.

All of these statements are true.

Which of the following is true of colon cancer? High fiber and whole grain intake may reduce the risk. Changes in DNA underlie the development of colonic tumors. Environmental carcinogens are thought to cause many cancers. All of these statements are true.

All of these statements are true.

________ can be a concern for individuals with phenylketonuria.

Aspartame

Carbohydrates promote dental caries by which of the following mechanisms?

Bacteria metabolize carbohydrate to form acids (from plaque), which break down enamel.

Which of the following foods are the best sources of complex carbohydrates?

Cereals and grains

______________ is the best dietary source of resistant starch.

chilled, cooked potatoes

Which of the following statements about glycogen is FALSE? Glycogen is a storage form of carbohydrate in humans and animals. Glycogen is composed of many glucose molecules. Glycogen is made and stored in liver and muscle. The primary role of muscle glycogen is to maintain blood glucose levels.

The primary role of muscle glycogen is to maintain blood glucose levels.

What characteristic is found among indigestible carbohydrates?

They stimulate peristalsis. (the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward.)

Which of the following types of diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disease?

Type 1

Which of the following nutrients is NOT added to enriched grains? Vitamin E Folate Niacin Thiamin

Vitamin E

Sucrose is composed of:

a molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose.

Diabetes is best characterized by:

abnormally high blood glucose levels.

Treatment of diverticulitis usually includes:

antibiotics and a temporary decrease in fiber intake.

Sugar substitutes help manage:

blood glucose levels for diabetics.

Whole grain foods contain:

bran, germ, and endosperm.

An oligosaccharide is a:

carbohydrate containing 3-10 sugar units.

One possible adverse effect of excessive fiber consumption is:

decreased absorption of nutrients, like calcium and iron.

A well-documented health problem associated with excess sugar intake is:

dental caries.

Sugar alcohols are structurally similar to:

dietary sugars.

Indigestible carbohydrates provide positive health benefits in part by:

increasing the bulk of the colonic contents.

Dietary fiber is categorized by:

its solubility in water.

Soluble fiber can be found in: (2)

oats and apples.

The organ(s) which supplies enzymes required for starch digestion include(s) the:

pancreas