NMU CLS-M: Mycology, Virology, and Parasitology Practicum Exam

The image below is of a suspected parasite seen on direct examination of material taken from a corneal scraping in an ophthalmology clinic. The most likely identification of the parasite in this specimen is which of the following? Select one: a. Acanthamoeba sp. b. Enterobius sp. c. Paragonimus sp. d. Naegleria sp.

Acanthamoeba sp.

A mold isolated in the laboratory displays a white cottony macroscopic morphology. On microscopic evaluation, hyaline, septate hyphae, and "toothbrush"-like conidiophores are seen. The most likely organism is which of the following? Select one: a. Aspergillus sp. b. Acremonium sp. c. Gliocladium sp. d. Scopulariopsis sp.

Acremonium sp.

Human herpes viruses have a number of shared characteristics. Which of the following is true for all human herpes viruses? Select one: a. All undergo primary infections in nerve cells b. All establish latency in neurons c. All have a similar virion morphology d. They are part of the same subfamily

All have a similar virion morphology

The Schistosoma species that can be found in urine is: Select one: a. haematobium b. japonicum c. mansoni d. westermani

haematobium

There are several important types of conidiation of dematiaceous fungi. The image is an example of which one of these forms? (lactophenol cotton blue stain) Select one: a. Cladosporium-type (Incorrect) b. Phialophora-type c. Rhinocladiella-type (Incorrect) d. Rinderpest-type

???

During viral assembly, how are viral envelopes acquired? Select one: a. By production of envelope constituents by host cellular DNA b. As the virion buds from a host cell membrane c. Through replication of viral nucleic acid d. As host cell lysis produces many membrane fragments

As the virion buds from a host cell membrane

A patient who underwent solid organ transplant appears to have systemic fungemia. The organism that has grown from the blood cultures macroscopically had a blue-green color to the colony, matured in 3 days, and grew well at 45° C. Microscopically, foot cells were seen and the phialides were uniserate with a round vesicle and columnar conidia. Which of the following is the most likely identification of this mold? Select one: a. Aspergillus fumigatus b. Aspergillus niger c. Scopulariopsis sp. d. Fusarium sp.

Aspergillus fumigatus

Foot cells, swollen vesicles, hyaline septate hyphae, and uniseriate or biseriate conidiation are all characteristic of which of the following organisms? Select one: a. Penicililum sp. b. Acremonium sp. c. Aspergillus sp. d. Gliocladium sp.

Aspergillus sp.

Which of the following terms is best described as the process of reproduction in yeast that begins with cell wall expansion and mitosis and is followed by a new cell wall septum created between the two newly formed nuclei? Select one: a. Budding b. Unisexual division c. Binary fission d. Outpouch germing

Binary fission

The image below is from a fecal smear of an individual complaining of diarrhea and intestinal discomfort. The parasites were numerous and quite variable in size, but the majority measured about 15 to 20 μm in diameter. What is the most likely identification of this organism? Select one: a. Blastocystis hominis b. Cyclospora cayetanensis c. Isospora belli d. Balantidium coli

Blastocystis hominis

A KOH preparation of respiratory secretions of a 78-year-old man reveals large, spherical, thick-walled yeast cells 8 to 15 μm in diameter, usually with a single bud that is connected to the parent cell by a broad base. Which fungus will likely be isolated from the culture? Select one: a. Coccidioides immitis b. Blastomyces dermatitidis c. Histoplasma capsulatum d. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Using PAS to stain a respiratory specimen from a patient with lung disease, the technologists observed the organisms in the image. On the basis of the microscopic morphology shown in the image, the most likely identification of the dimorphic fungi is which of the following? Select one: a. Blastomyces dermatitidis b. Coccidioides immitis c. Histoplasma capsulatum d. Sporothrix schenckii

Blastomyces dermatitidis

A large, diverse group of viruses, most of which are transmitted by mosquitoes, which includes the deadly Hantavirus is known as which of the following? Select one: a. Coronaviruses b. Bunyaviruses c. Caliciviruses d. Filoviruses

Bunyaviruses

A significant amount of yeast was isolated from a vaginal culture of a patient in the teen clinic of your hospital. It exhibited the following characteristics: Microscopic: Clusters of blastoconidia along pseudohyphae, terminal chlamydoconidia Positive germ tube Positive sucrose Which of the following is the most likely identification of this fungi? (Image from primary plate, Gram-stained smear, 40× .) Select one: a. Rhodotorula rubra b. Candida albicans c. Geotrichum candidum d. Trichosporon beigelii

Candida albicans

A yeast was isolated from a sputum specimen. On cornmeal agar this yeast produced pseudohyphae with thick-walled terminal chlamydoconidia. The organism is most likely which of the following? Select one: a. Candida tropicalis b. Candida albicans c. Candida parapsilosis d. Candida guilliermondii

Candida albicans

Which of the following statements concerning the germ tube test is true? Select one: a. Using a heavy inoculum enhances the rapid production of germ tubes b. Germ tubes should be read after 2 hours of incubation at 25° C c. Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis can be used as positive and negative controls, respectively d. Serum will be stable for 1 year if stored at room temperature

Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis can be used as positive and negative controls, respectively

A patient in the hematology oncology unit of your hospital has been an inpatient for several months while stabilizing from a bone marrow transplant. She has developed a fungemia (positive blood cultures with fungi) in the past several days. The blood culture has been subcultured to a blood agar plate and a SABHI plate. The yeast that grows exhibits the following characteristics: Macroscopic: Creamy, glabrous Microscopic: Relatively short, crooked or curved pseudohyphae Which of the following is the most likely identification of these fungi? Select one: a. Candida tropicalis b. Candida albicans c. Geotrichum candidum d. Candida parapsilosis

Candida parapsilosis

The protein coat that surrounds the nucleic acid of a virion is called which of the following? Select one: a. Capsomere b. Capsid c. Capsule d. Nucleocapsid

Capsid

Urine specimens are most likely collected for the detection of which of the following viruses? Select one: a. Varicella-zoster virus b. Herpes simplex virus c. Cytomegalovirus d. Rotavirus

Cytomegalovirus

Which of the following terms best describes the asexual reproductive structures of molds? Select one: a. Pseudohyphae b. Yeasts c. Conidia d. Buds (Incorrect)

Conidia

A Scotch tape preparation is made from a mold growing on solid media in the mycology laboratory. The structure shown in the image is best described as which of the following? Select one: a. Sporangium (Incorrect) b. Blastoconidia c. Ascospores d. Conidiophore

Conidiophore

Which of the following groups contains the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus? Select one: a. Calicivirus b. Coronavirus c. Picornaviruses d. Filovirus

Coronavirus

Which of the following groups of virus is best described as: ssRNA, enveloped Pleomorphic/spherical capsid Large club-shaped spikes on surface give "corona" effect Causes approximately 15% of coldlike illness Select one: a. Influenza A b. Influenza B c. Coronaviruses d. Pneumovirus

Coronaviruses

Which of the following is a coccidian sporozoan causing opportunistic infection characterized by extremely watery diarrhea in AIDS patients and other immunosuppressed patients? Select one: a. Cryptosporidium parvum b. Endolimax nana c. Dientamoeba fragilis d. Entamoeba histolytica

Cryptosporidium parvum

When grown in the laboratory, Microsporum audouinii forms are distorted macroconidia that may be mistaken for other Microsporum species. Of the tests below, the most helpful test in differentiating this organism is which of the following? Select one: a. Wood lamp fluorescence b. Macroscopic morphology c. Urease d. Culture on sterile rice media

Culture on sterile rice media

Looking at the cell lines inoculated from the urine of a kidney transplant patient, the human foreskin fibroblast cells developed CPE at day 24, which means they have progressed slowly. Which of the following is the most likely virus causing this reaction? Select one: a. Cytomegalovirus b. Adenovirus c. Influenza virus (Incorrect) d. Herpes simplex virus

Cytomegalovirus

Which of the following is the specimen of choice for detecting rotavirus? Select one: a. Throat swab b. Urine sample c. Bronchoalveolar wash d. Feces sample

Feces sample

The most pathogenic of the hemorrhagic fever viruses, which of the following is a group of long filamentous viruses including Marburg and Ebola? Select one: a. Coronaviruses b. Bunyaviruses c. Caliciviruses d. Filoviruses

Filoviruses

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true about a dermatophyte infection? Select one: a. A common name is tinnitus b. Dermatophytes infect skin, hair, and nails c. The three major genera are Trichophorum, Dermatophyton, and Microsporum d. Most infections are systemic

Dermatophytes infect skin, hair, and nails

The only known human tapeworm with an operculum is: Select one: a. Diphyllobothrium latum b. Hymenolepis nana c. Giardia lamblia d. Schistosoma haematobium

Diphyllobothrium latum

A patient was diagnosed with cysts in his liver. He is originally from Australia, where he was involved in a sheep herding operation. The adult parasite shown below was passed by his pet dog. It measured 5 mm. What is the most likely identification of this organism? Select one: a. Diphyllobothrium latum b. Dipylidium caninum (Incorrect) c. Echinococcus granulosus d. Taenia solium

Echinococcus granulosus

An ovoid cyst measures approximately 4-12 μm in diameter. Its four blotlike nuclei appear flattened. The organism is not pathogenic. The organism is more than likely: Select one: a. Balantidium coli b. Endolimax nana c. Chilomastix mesnilii d. Blastocystis hominis

Endolimax nana

These trophozoites were found in a trichrome-stained slide of a stool sample, measuring an average of 25 μm in diameter. Which of the following is the most likely identity of this organism? Select one: a. Endolimax nana b. Entamoeba coli c. Balantidium coli d. Dientamoeba fragilis

Entamoeba coli

Viruses that cause arbovirus diseases such as yellow fever, dengue, and West Nile, as well as Japanese and St. Louis encephalitis viruses, belong to what group of viruses? Select one: a. Flaviviruses b. Bunyaviruses c. Caliciviruses d. Filoviruses

Flaviviruses

Paragonimus westermani, Clonorchis sinensis, and Fasciolopsis buski are: Select one: a. Roundworms b. Tapeworms c. Hemoflagellates d. Flukes

Flukes

The term fungi imperfecti is used to refer to what type of fungi? Select one: a. Fungi for which no sexual stage has been described b. Fungi that are thermally dimorphic c. Fungi that produce zygospores d. Fungi that reproduce by formation of arthroconidia

Fungi for which no sexual stage has been described

The image below is a cyst found in a human fecal smear. It measured about 15 μm in length and contained four nuclei. The patient had severe diarrhea, and some blood in the stool. What is the most likely identification of this organism? Select one: a. Endolimax nana b. Entamoeba coli c. Entamoeba histolytica d. Iodamoeba buetschlii

Entamoeba histolytica

The image below is a cyst found in a human fecal smear. The cyst measured about 12 μm in length and contained four nuclei and a rounded chromatoid bar. The patient had severe diarrhea and some blood in the stool. What is the most likely identification of this organism? Select one: a. Endolimax nana b. Entamoeba coli c. Entamoeba histolytica d. Iodamoeba butschlii

Entamoeba histolytica

Charcot-Leyden crystals can be seen in stained fecal preparations. These crystals are thought to be the breakdown products of: Select one: a. Lymphocytes b. Macrophages c. Eosinophils d. Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Which of the following is often associated with parasitic larval infections? Select one: a. Leukopenia b. Thrombocytopenia c. Eosinophils d. Granulocytopenia

Eosinophils

Which of the following parasites have migration through the lungs as part of their life cycle? Select one: a. Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, Strongyloides stercoralis b. Giardia lamblia, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi c. Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Trichinella spiralis d. Toxocara canis, Toxoplasma gondii, Blastocystis hominis

Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, Strongyloides stercoralis

Which combination of organisms infect humans via larval penetration of the skin? Select one: a. Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura b. Ascaris lumbricoides, Dracunculus medinensis c. Necator americanus, Strongyloides stercoralis d. Entamoeba histolytica, Strongyloides stercoralis

Necator americanus, Strongyloides stercoralis

The image below is a fecal smear of a child at a day care center. The ellipsoidal cyst measures about 10 × 7-8 μm. What is the most likely cause of the child's diarrhea? Select one: a. Chilomastix mesnili b. Cyclospora cayetanensis c. Giardia lamblia d. Iodamoeba buetschlii

Giardia lamblia

Hydatid sand is: Select one: a. Developing eggs found in the uterine branches of Taenia solium b. Larval migration marked by thin, red popular lines of eruption c. The outer mammillated albuminous coating on the eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides d. Granular material consisting of free scolices found in the fluid of Echinococcus granulosus cysts

Granular material consisting of free scolices found in the fluid of Echinococcus granulosus cysts

Virus is transmitted to humans by exposure to the urine and feces of infected deer mice for which of the following? Select one: a. Ebola virus b. Hantavirus c. Dengue virus d. Influenza virus

Hantavirus

A specimen from a genital lesion was inoculated into a standard set of cells for virus isolation. On day 1 the human foreskin fibroblasts exhibited the CPE shown in the figure. Identify the virus. Select one: a. Herpes simplex virus b. Adenovirus c. Cytomegalovirus d. Epstein-Barr virus

Herpes simplex virus

Lip and genital specimens are most likely collected for the detection of which of the following viruses? Select one: a. Varicella-zoster virus b. Herpes simplex virus c. Cytomegalovirus d. Rotavirus

Herpes simplex virus

The basic structural unit of molds are tube like projections known as which of the following? Select one: a. Mycelium b. Hyphae c. Germ tubes d. Pseudohyphae

Hyphae

Vaginal herpes lesions are a particular risk for which of the following? Select one: a. Development of cervical carcinoma (Incorrect) b. Development of vaginal carcinoma c. Infants born to mothers with the lesions d. Papilloma virus superinfection

Infants born to mothers with the lesions

Prions are best described by which of the following? Select one: a. Infectious viral RNA without capsid proteins b. Infectious protein with no associated nucleic acid c. Infectious viral DNA without capsid proteins d. Nonenveloped virus highly resistant to heat and chemical inactivation

Infectious protein with no associated nucleic acid

One of the most critical diagnostic criteria in the identification of Entamoeba histolytica is which of the following? Select one: a. Ingested red blood cells (RBCs) in the trophozoite stage b. Four or more nuclei in the cyst stage c. Median bodies d. Cytosome

Ingested red blood cells (RBCs) in the trophozoite stage

An amoebic trophozoite that can be described as 12 to 15 μm, with no nuclear peripheral chromatin, a large karyosome, a large vacuole, and coarsely granular cytoplasm would most likely be: Select one: a. Entamoeba histolytica b. Entamoeba coli c. Iodamoeba bütschlii d. Endolimax nana

Iodamoeba bütschlii

Which of the following statements about Dientamoeba fragilis is true? Select one: a. Diagnostic criteria include the presence of four nuclei in the trophozoite b. The cyst is 80 μm in diameter c. It is a pathogenic flagellate d. It is diagnosed by cysts observed in sputum

It is a pathogenic flagellate

Tinea Nigra is an infection that most commonly involves which of the following? Select one: a. Keratinized skin layers of hand b. Hair c. Skin of the scalp d. Skin and hair of the face

Keratinized skin layers of hand

Which of the following is most often used to prepare a slide from a plate culture for microscopic evaluation of a dermatophyte? Select one: a. Lactophenol cotton blue b. Potassium hydroxide c. Iodine solution d. Gram stain

Lactophenol cotton blue

Which of the following is the most appropriate setting for microscopic examination of a fresh saline wet mount? Select one: a. High light, 4x b. Low light, 4x c. High light, 40x d. Low light, 40x

Low light, 40x

Identify the dimorphic fungus that typically has a tissue phase in which the large mother cells have one to a dozen narrow-necked buds and a slow-growing mycelial form with intercalary chlamydoconidia and coiled hyphae. Select one: a. Blastomyces dermatitidis b. Coccidioides immitis c. Histoplasma capsulatum d. Paracoccidinoides brasiliensis

Paracoccidinoides brasiliensis

The presence of large, round or oval, multiple-budding yeast cells, which resemble a "mariner's wheel, " usually indicates infection with which of the following dimorphic fungi? Select one: a. Coccidioides immitis b. Blastomyces dermatitidis c. Histoplasma capsulatum d. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Large, usually multiseptate and club- or spindle-shaped spores are called which of the following? Select one: a. Microconidia b. Macroconidia c. Conidiophores d. Phialides

Macroconidia

The pharmacy at your hospital was concerned about the hyperalimentation fluid that they were preparing. The high lipid content was a concern for contamination. A PAS stain of the suspect fluid is shown. Which of the following organisms would most likely demonstrate this morphology? Select one: a. Candida albicans b. Malassezia furfur c. Trichosporon cutaneum d. Scedosporium apiospermum

Malassezia furfur

A patient with a Wood lamp-positive, dermatophytic infection has a skin scraping taken for culture. The organism grows on SDA agar with a light-tan front and salmon-colored reverse. Microscopically the organism produces rare distorted macroconidia and rare microconidia. Additionally, there was no growth on sterile rice media. What is the most likely organism? Select one: a. Microsporum canis b. Microsporum gypseum c. Microsporum audouinii d. Epidermophyton floccosum

Microsporum audouinii

A patient with a Wood lamp-positive, dermatophytic infection has a skin scraping taken for culture. The organism grows on SAB agar with a bright yellow reverse. Microscopically, the organism produces spindle-shaped macroconidia with 3-15 cells per conidium. What is the most likely organism? Select one: a. Microsporum canis b. Microsporum gypseum c. Microsporum nanum d. Epidermophyton floccosum

Microsporum canis

The term hyaline molds is used to describe which of the following? Select one: a. Molds that have septate hyphae b. Molds that have septate, nonpigmented hyphae c. The presence of pigmentation within the hyphae or the spores d. Molds with intercalated hyaline chlamydoconidia

Molds that have septate, nonpigmented hyphae

The term syncytia is best described by which of the following statements? Select one: a. The ability of virions to synchronize penetration and release from host cells b. Multinucleated cells formed from the fusion between cells penetrated by virions and other host cells nearby c. The attraction of viral particles to specific tissue types within the host d. The attachment of viral particles to certain transmitting molecules like blood cells to enable infectious spreading of the virus

Multinucleated cells formed from the fusion between cells penetrated by virions and other host cells nearby

The term antigenic drift refers to which of the following? Select one: a. Mutation during genome replication resulting in minor antigenic change and relatively mild influenza outbreaks every 1 to 3 years b. Reassortment of the segmented viral genome during co-infection in nonhuman animals, resulting in major antigenic change and periodic worldwide outbreaks c. What happens when a human virus infects a cell at the same time as an animal influenza virus d. Environmentally induced mutations result in changes in the virus surface markers

Mutation during genome replication resulting in minor antigenic change and relatively mild influenza outbreaks every 1 to 3 years

The loose, intertwined network of basic structural units of the molds that penetrates the substrate from which it obtains the necessary nutrients for growth is called which of the following? Select one: a. Hyphae b. Germ tubes c. Pseudohyphae d. Mycelium

Mycelium

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis may be diagnosed by: Select one: a. Pneumocystis carinii in BAL b. Naegleria trophozoites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) c. Pneumocystis in sputum d. Toxoplasma in CSF

Naegleria trophozoites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Identify the following: Select one: a. Strongyloides stercoralis b. Necator americanus c. Ascaris lumbricoides d. Trichuris trichiura

Necator americanus

Which of the following is characteristic of Dientamoeba fragilis? Select one: a. Easily recognized by rapid, jerky motilit b. No known cyst stage, trophozoite is amoeba shaped c. Two to four nuclei with pinpoint karyosomes d. Typically smaller than Endomilax nana

No known cyst stage, trophozoite is amoeba shaped

Which of the following viruses are thought to predominately cause gastroenteritis? Select one: a. Hepadnaviruses b. Filoviruses c. Noroviruses d. Arboviruses

Noroviruses

To perform the tease/cut preparation method, a sample of a mold is handled in which of the following ways? Select one: a. Organism is removed directly from culture plate and then transferred to microscope slide b. Scotch tape is pressed onto culture plate and then transferred to microscope slide c. Organism is subcultured to a small piece of agar and covered with a coverslip d. Organism is observed directly on the agar plate

Organism is removed directly from culture plate and then transferred to microscope slide

The test of choice and most sensitive assay for use with CSF to diagnose aseptic meningitis caused by enterovirus is which of the following? Select one: a. Cell culture b. PCR c. Antigenemia immunoassay d. Shell vial assay

PCR

Which preservation method is most suitable and the most widely used for subsequent fixed smear preparation? Select one: a. Formalin-ethyl acetate (Incorrect) b. PVA c. Trichrome d. MIF

PVA

A mold is isolated in the laboratory that displays a velvety, gray-green colony morphology. On microscopic evaluation, flask-shaped conidiophores arranged in a brushlike formation are seen. The most likely organism is which of the following? Select one: a. Penicillium sp. b. Acremonium sp. c. Paecilomyces sp. d. Scopulariopsis sp.

Penicillium sp.

Blood parasites were noted on a peripheral blood smear. All stages of parasites were seen and there were schizonts with approximately 8 merozoites found in the cells. The red blood cells were slightly enlarged and oval. There were no red blood cells with multiple ring forms. What is the most likely identification of this parasitic agent? Select one: a. Plasmodium falciparum b. Plasmodium vivax c. Plasmodium malariae d. Plasmodium ovale

Plasmodium ovale

An immunocompromised patient exhibited fever, nonproductive cough, and shortness of breath. Routine and fungal cultures did not grow. The respiratory specimen was stained with a silver stain in anatomic pathology. On the basis of the microscopic morphology in the image, what is the most likely identification of this organism? Select one: a. Pneumocystis jiroveci b. Saccharomyces sp. c. Candida albicans d. Cryptococcus sp.

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Which of the following is a key characteristic by which an unknown Cryptococcus spp. can be identified as Cryptococcus neoformans? Select one: a. Appearance of yellow colonies b. Positive urease test c. Presence of a capsule (Incorrect) d. Positive niger seed agar test

Positive niger seed agar test

Differentiation of zygomycetes is most often based on which of the following characteristics? Select one: a. Presence and location of rhizoids and type of sporangiophore b. Presence and location of rhizoids and type of conidiophore c. Type and arrangement of conidia d. Phialide type and arrangement

Presence and location of rhizoids and type of sporangiophore

Influenza virus grows best in which of the following cell lines? Select one: a. A549 b. Hep-2 c. Primary monkey kidney cells d. McCoy cells 31

Primary monkey kidney cells

Which of the following is a key characteristic of Coccidioides immitis? Select one: a. Has a higher dissemination rate in white females b. Is endemic in the northeastern United States c. Produces endosporulating spherules in tissue d. Forms foot cells

Produces endosporulating spherules in tissue

The eggs in the figure below were found in the urine of a Peace Corp worker who had just returned to the United States after spending 2 years in the Middle East. The eggs measured about 160 μm long × 60 μm wide. Which of the following organisms is the most likely identity? Select one: a. Diphyllobothrium latum b. Schistosoma haematobium c. Schistosoma japonicum d. Schistosoma mansoni

Schistosoma haematobium

Which of the following virus is associated with common respiratory infections? Select one: a. Rotavirus b. Adenovirus (Incorrect) c. HTLV-1 d. RSV

RSV

Which statement is true for rabies virus? Select one: a. Rabies virus, like herpesvirus, contains single-stranded RNA within the virion b. Rabies has several distinct serotypes c. Rabies is 100% fatal if untreated d. Rabies is most often diagnosed now with an enzyme immunoassay test

Rabies is 100% fatal if untreated

Which of the following arthropods is the vector for American Trypanosomiasis, commonly referred to as Chagas disease? Select one: a. Reduvid bug b. Cimex sp. c. Dermacenter sp. d. Sarcoptes sp.

Reduvid bug

During the fall, winter, and spring, stool specimens from infants with diarrhea would most likely be tested for which of the following viruses? Select one: a. Varicella-zoster virus b. Herpes simplex virus c. Cytomegalovirus d. Rotavirus

Rotavirus

When used in clinical virology, "continuous cell lines" are best defined as which of the following? Select one: a. Single cell type that can be propagated indefinitely and are derived from tumors or mutagenic treatment b. Cells prepared from animal tissues and are terminally differentiated, post-mitotic cells with limited passages c. Cells derived directly from donor (animal or human) with limited ability to pass or propagate (1-2 passages) d. Primary cells that are maintained with specialized medium and continuously propagate

Single cell type that can be propagated indefinitely and are derived from tumors or mutagenic treatment

Necator americanus rhabditiform larvae can be differentiated from Strongyloides rhabditiform larvae by: Select one: a. Length of the notched tail b. Length of the head region c. Segmentation d. Size of the genital primordium

Size of the genital primordium

Which of the following is the best aid in the identification of Epidermophyton floccosum macroconidia? Select one: a. Parallel side walls with 10 or more cells b. Spindle shaped with thin walls c. Spindle shaped with thick walls d. Smooth walls, club shaped, beaver tails

Smooth walls, club shaped, beaver tails

A landscaper noticed a hard, unmovable lump under the skin of his index finger but decided to ignore it. A month later, the lump ulcerated to present a necrotic appearance, and two more lesions developed further up the wrist and forearm. A histologic stain of material from deep in the lesions showed elongated yeast cells resembling cigars. What disease is suspected? Select one: a. Mycetoma b. Sporotrichosis c. Chromoblastomycosis d. Blastomycosis

Sporotrichosis

Which of the following statements best describes Enteroviruses? Select one: a. Classified as caliciviruses b. Closely related to hepatitis B virus c. Spread by the fecal oral route d. A major cause of the common cold

Spread by the fecal oral route

In which of the following life cycles may auto-reinfection of humans occur? Select one: a. Hymenolepis nana (Incorrect) b. Giardia lamblia c. Strongyloides stercoralis d. Trichuris trichiura

Strongyloides stercoralis

Ova recovered from the stool are routinely used to diagnose infections caused by all of the following except? Select one: a. Necator americanus b. Ascaris lumbricoides c. Trichuris trichiura d. Strongyloides stercoralis

Strongyloides stercoralis

If the ova of this parasite are ingested by humans, the hatched larva can migrate to any organ, resulting in the condition known as cysticercosis. Which is correct? Select one: a. Taenia solium b. Entamoeba histolytica c. Hymenolepsis nana d. Clonorchis sinensis

Taenia solium

Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, and Hymenolepis nana are: Select one: a. Roundworms b. Tapeworms c. Hemoflagellates d. Flukes

Tapeworms

The term dematiaceous is used to describe which of the following? Select one: a. Molds that have septate hyphae b. Molds that have pauciseptate hyphae c. The presence of pigmentation within the hyphae or the spores d. The absence of pigmentation within the hyphae or the spores

The presence of pigmentation within the hyphae or the spores

A germ tube-negative yeast is isolated in the laboratory. The isolate is found to be negative for urease and unable to assimilate dextrose, maltose, or sucrose. CMT agar morphology showed blastoconidia only. The organism is most likely: Select one: a. Candida albicans b. Candia parapsilosis c. Torulopsis glabrata d. Geotrichum candidum

Torulopsis glabrata

The flagellates shown below were found in a vaginal smear of a female student who complained of vaginitis. The trophozoites measured about 25 × 17 μm. What is the most likely identification? Select one: a. Giardia lamblia b. Blastocystis hominis c. Trichomonas gingivalis d. Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomonas vaginalis

A dermatophyte mold isolated in the laboratory has the following properties: Macroscopic = white, fluffy colony with red reverse, Microscopic = tear drop shaped, "thyrse" microconidia and no macroconidia, Urease negative and Hair perforation negative. What is the most likely identification? Select one: a. Trichophyton tonsurans b. Trichophyton mentagrophytes c. Trichophyton rubrum d. Epidermophyton floccosum

Trichophyton rubrum

A dermatophyte mold isolated in the laboratory has the following properties: Macroscopic = beige, granular colony, Microscopic = "thyrse" microconidia of varying size and shape, requires Thiamine. The most likely identification is: Select one: a. Trichophyton tonsurans b. Trichophyton mentagrophytes c. Trichophyton rubrum d. Epidermophyton floccosum

Trichophyton tonsurans

Endemic "black-dot" tinea capitis in children in the United States is generally due to which of the following? Select one: a. Trichophyton tonsurans b. Microsporum canis c. Trichophyton rubrum d. Microsporum gypseum

Trichophyton tonsurans

The clinical entity known as white piedra is caused by which of the following organisms? Select one: a. Cunninghamella b. Trichosporon spp. c. Acremonium spp. d. Hortaea werneckii

Trichosporon spp.

The organism shown below was recovered from the stool of a patient who resides in rural Texas. The most likely identification is which of the following? Select one: a. Ascaris lumbricoides b. Ancylostoma duodenale c. Necator americanus d. Trichuris trichiura

Trichuris trichiura

Identify the following organism as it appears in this peripheral blood smear. Select one: a. Trypanosoma spp. b. Leishmania spp. c. Wuchereria bancrofti d. Loa Loa

Trypanosoma spp.

Which of the following herpesviruses is transmitted predominately as a respiratory infection? Select one: a. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HHV1) (Incorrect) b. Herpes simplex virus 2 (HHV2) c. Varicella-zoster (HHV3) d. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV, HHV4)

Varicella-zoster (HHV3)

Which of the following is true for enveloped viruses? Select one: a. Normally stable in the dry state b. Frequently transmitted by the fecal-oral route c. Often use the gastrointestinal tract as a "portal of entry" d. Very sensitive to detergent inactivation

Very sensitive to detergent inactivation

The viral nucleocapsid always contains which of the following? Select one: a. Viral genome b. Virus-encoded glycoprotein c. Virus-encoded polymerase d. Viral envelope

Viral genome

Trophozoite forms of amoebae are found in what type of stool specimen? Select one: a. Formed b. Loose c. Soft d. Watery

Watery

Microfilariae found in the blood that have a sheath, demonstrate nocturnal periodicity, and exhibit nuclei that do not extend to the tail tip are: Select one: a. Brugia malayi b. Onchocerca volvulus c. Loa loa d. Wuchereria bancrofti

Wuchereria bancrofti

Which group of molds characteristically produces large, ribbon-like hyphae that are irregular in diameter and contain only occasional septa? Select one: a. Dermatophytes b. Zygomycetes c. Dimorphic fungi d. Dematiaceous fungi

Zygomycetes

When used in clinical virology, "primary cell cultures" are best defined as which of the following? Select one: a. Single-cell type that can be propagated indefinitely and are derived from tumors or mutagenic treatment b. Cells prepared from animal tissues and are terminally differentiated, post-mitotic cells with limited passages c. Cells derived directly from donor (animal or human) with limited ability to pass or propagate (1-2 passages) d. Primary cells that are maintained with specialized medium and continuously propagate

Cells derived directly from donor (animal or human) with limited ability to pass or propagate (1-2 passages)

The rounding up and enlargement of the terminal cells of the hyphae in which there is a concentration of protoplasm and nutrient material produces what type of spores? Select one: a. Arthroconidia b. Chlamydoconidia c. Ascospores d. Ascoconidia

Chlamydoconidia

Which of the following organisms is most commonly identified from a stool sample by finding an egg with the following characteristics: 30-35 × 15-20 μm, ovoid, thick brownish-yellow shell with an operculum, distinct "shoulders" around the operculum, and a comma-shaped appendage at the obopercular end? Select one: a. Schistosoma haematobium b. Fasciola hepatica c. Faciolopsis buski d. Clonorchis sinensis

Clonorchis sinensis

Looking at the cell lines inoculated from a patient with a small bowel transplant and diarrhea, the Primary Monkey Kidney Cells showed the most CPE, which developed in 3 days. The CPE progressed at a moderate rate. Which of the following is the most likely virus causing this reaction? Select one: a. Cytomegalovirus b. Enterovirus c. Norovirus (Incorrect) d. Adenovirus (Incorrect)

Cytomegalovirus ???