Non-pharmacologic Measures
What are 4 cognitive and behavioral strategies to reduce pain?
-Change the way pain is interpreted and experienced -Modify thoughts that prevent coping pain effectively -Divert attention away from pain -Increase personal sense of control over pain
What are 4 types of alternative medicine?
-Dietary supplements -Herbal therapy -Homeopathy -Aromatherapy
Where are the locations we can preform cutaneous stimulation?
-Directly over or around pain -Proximal to the pain -Distal to pain -Contralateral for pain
What are some examples of cognitive and behavioral strategies?
-Distraction -Relaxation -Music -Humor -Imagery -Education -Supportive therapy
What are other specialized practices to reduce pain?
-Acupuncture -Chiropractic/osteopathic medicine -Art therapy -Music therapy
What five dimensions does pain have?
-Affective -Cognitive -Behavioral -Sociocultural -Spiritual
What are three types of nonpharmacologic interventions?
-Basic comfort measures -Cutaneous stimulation techniques -Cognitive and behavioral strategies
What mediums can be used for cutaneous stimulation?
-Heat -Cold -Vibration -Massage -Exercise -TENS
What are the potential mechanisms of action?
-Interrupt the transmission of pain signals -Distract attention from pain -Release of physical and emotional tension -Endorphin release -Change pain-related thoughts
What are some basic comfort measures we can do for our patients?
-Positioning -Environmental conditions (lighting, noise, temperature) -Pacing activities/rest -Supportive devices
What are energy therapies?
-Therapeutic touch -Reiki -Qi Gong -Magnet therapy
What is pain best treated with?
A combination of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies
What is psychotherapy?
Counseling about emotions and psychological aspects of pain
What are growing numbers of individuals seeking out to help their pain?
Complementary/alternative medicine
What should nonpharmacologic interventions only be used for?
ENHANCING the effect of pharmacologic interventions NOT replacing them
What is contingency management?
Eliminate actions that have negative effects on your pain
What is the main nursing role during cutaneous stimulation?
Frequent assessment of patient's comfort level
What is cognitive-behavioral therapy?
Identify and change your thoughts and actions related to your pain
What is stimulated during cutaneous stimulation?
Large diameter pain fibers and interrupt transmission of pain signal
What types of pain is cutaneous stimulation used for?
Mild, moderate and severe
What do supportive devices diminish?
Pain associated with mechanical stress, inflammation and immobility
Who are behavioral strategies most appropriate for?
Patients with mild to moderate pain
Pain is more than just a....
Sensory experience
What is cutaneous stimulation?
Stimulation of the skin and underlying tissues -Increases patient's pain tolerance
What are non pharmacological interventions?
Strategies other than medications that decrease pain and enhances comfort
What is hypnosis?
Suggesting pain reduction activities when patients are in a trance-like state
What is biofeedback?
Using body feed back to teach about persons pain
What is cognitive restructuring?
changing a pattern of thought related to your pain
What are cognitive and behavioral strategies considered?
organized programs