Non-pharmacologic Measures

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What are 4 cognitive and behavioral strategies to reduce pain?

-Change the way pain is interpreted and experienced -Modify thoughts that prevent coping pain effectively -Divert attention away from pain -Increase personal sense of control over pain

What are 4 types of alternative medicine?

-Dietary supplements -Herbal therapy -Homeopathy -Aromatherapy

Where are the locations we can preform cutaneous stimulation?

-Directly over or around pain -Proximal to the pain -Distal to pain -Contralateral for pain

What are some examples of cognitive and behavioral strategies?

-Distraction -Relaxation -Music -Humor -Imagery -Education -Supportive therapy

What are other specialized practices to reduce pain?

-Acupuncture -Chiropractic/osteopathic medicine -Art therapy -Music therapy

What five dimensions does pain have?

-Affective -Cognitive -Behavioral -Sociocultural -Spiritual

What are three types of nonpharmacologic interventions?

-Basic comfort measures -Cutaneous stimulation techniques -Cognitive and behavioral strategies

What mediums can be used for cutaneous stimulation?

-Heat -Cold -Vibration -Massage -Exercise -TENS

What are the potential mechanisms of action?

-Interrupt the transmission of pain signals -Distract attention from pain -Release of physical and emotional tension -Endorphin release -Change pain-related thoughts

What are some basic comfort measures we can do for our patients?

-Positioning -Environmental conditions (lighting, noise, temperature) -Pacing activities/rest -Supportive devices

What are energy therapies?

-Therapeutic touch -Reiki -Qi Gong -Magnet therapy

What is pain best treated with?

A combination of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies

What is psychotherapy?

Counseling about emotions and psychological aspects of pain

What are growing numbers of individuals seeking out to help their pain?

Complementary/alternative medicine

What should nonpharmacologic interventions only be used for?

ENHANCING the effect of pharmacologic interventions NOT replacing them

What is contingency management?

Eliminate actions that have negative effects on your pain

What is the main nursing role during cutaneous stimulation?

Frequent assessment of patient's comfort level

What is cognitive-behavioral therapy?

Identify and change your thoughts and actions related to your pain

What is stimulated during cutaneous stimulation?

Large diameter pain fibers and interrupt transmission of pain signal

What types of pain is cutaneous stimulation used for?

Mild, moderate and severe

What do supportive devices diminish?

Pain associated with mechanical stress, inflammation and immobility

Who are behavioral strategies most appropriate for?

Patients with mild to moderate pain

Pain is more than just a....

Sensory experience

What is cutaneous stimulation?

Stimulation of the skin and underlying tissues -Increases patient's pain tolerance

What are non pharmacological interventions?

Strategies other than medications that decrease pain and enhances comfort

What is hypnosis?

Suggesting pain reduction activities when patients are in a trance-like state

What is biofeedback?

Using body feed back to teach about persons pain

What is cognitive restructuring?

changing a pattern of thought related to your pain

What are cognitive and behavioral strategies considered?

organized programs


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