NREM Exam 4

According to the IPCC Special Report on the warming of 1.5°C : Global net emissions of carbon dioxide need to ball by 45% from 2010 levels by 2030 and reach "net zero" around ___________ (type in a year) in order to keep the warming around 1.5°C

2050

What is a metapopulation? A.) Collection of populations in separate patches that can interact B.) Populations that interbreed with other species C.) Subpopulation within a larger population D.) Populations that never interact

A.) Collection of populations in separate patches that can interact

What can increase connectivity and movement of animals between patches? A.) Corridors B.) Passages C.) Hallways D.)Mordor

A.) Corridors

The Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act of 1937 (also called the Pittman-Robertson Act) charges a Federal excise tax on what type of goods? -(and used that money to pay for wildlife conservation activities) A.) Firearms and ammunition B.) Binoculars C.) Hiking and camping gear D.) All of the above

A.) Firearms and ammunition

What part of the fire triangle is broken by digging fire lines? A.) Fuel B.) Oxygen C.) Heat

A.) Fuel

What is the difference between a generalist and a specialist? A.) Generalists have a broad niche, specialists have a narrow niche B.) generalists have a narrow niche, specialists have a broad niche C.) Generalists and specialists are the same

A.) Generalists have a broad niche, specialists have a narrow niche

Of human causes of extinction, which is most significant? A.) Habitat loss and fragmentation B.) Hunting/poaching C.) The pet trade D.) Chemical poisoning E.) Invasive species

A.) Habitat loss and fragmentation

What part of the fire triangle is broken with water drops? A.) Heat B.) Oxygen C.) Fuel

A.) Heat

Who pays for wildlife conservation? A.) Hunters pay more (consumptive users) B.) Wildlife-watchers pay more (non-consumptive users)

A.) Hunters pay more (consumptive users)

Where does clearcutting work the best? A.) In fire-adapted forests B.) In non-fire-adapted forests

A.) In fire-adapted forests

Humans start more fires (a greater # of fires) in a normal year than lightening does. Which type of fire, natural caused or human caused, burns more acres in an average year? A.) Natural-caused B.) Human-caused

A.) Natural-caused

Why was there a reduction in CO2 emissions in 2012? A.) People substantially cut energy usage that year B.) A switch from coal to natural gas use C.) Governmental initiatives in 2012 D.) Increase in wind energy production

B.) A switch from coal to natural gas use

Ecosystem management involves long-term planning on a landscape scale. What do we mean by landscape scale? A.) One property at a time B.) At least one watershed in size C.) One square mile D.) About the size of a football field

B.) At least one watershed in size

What international treaty regulates (and can prohibit) international trade in endangered species? A.) IUCN B.) CITES C.) the US Endangered Species Act D.) there is no international treaty

B.) CITES

Starch versus cellulosic ethanol production: Which is slower and more complicated (and requires special enzymes)? A.) Starch ethanol B.) Cellulosic ethanol

B.) Cellulosic ethanol

Which type of fire can keep an ecosystem at a set stage of ecological succession (ie not re-set the system to a fully distrubed site, nor allow it to succeed to the next stage) ? A. Crown fire B. Surface fire C. Ground fire

B.) Surface Fire

An underground bed of wood chips that helps remove Nitrogen from water before it is released from tile drainage (and thereby improves water quality coming off a field) is called a ____________________

Bioreactor

In the year 1900, white-tailed deer were _________ in Iowa A.) Endangered B.) Threatened C.) Extirpated D.) Extinct E.) Numerous

C.) Extirpated

Which kind of birds have suffered the most dramatic declines? A.) Wetland species B.) Desert species C.) Grassland species D.) Forest species

C.) Grassland species

Which of the following is TRUE about Prairie Strips? A.) At least half (50%) of the field must be planted in prairie strips to see a significant benefit in reducing soil erosion B.) There is one proven design of strip placement that works the same for every field C.) Prairie strips are intentionally placed to cross a field to intercept water flow D.) Prairie strips are ineffective in reducing soil loss and are no longer used

C.) Prairie strips are intentionally placed to cross a field to intercept water flow

How do windmills kill bats? A.) Windmills screw up bats echolocation B.) Bats nest in the turbines and get chopped up C.) The low pressure on the downwind side of the windmill is enough for their lungs to explode

C.) The low pressure on the downwind side of the windmill is enough for their lungs to explode

Conventional Air Pollutant or Greenhouse Gas? -Carbon monoxide (CO) -Methane (CH4) -Carbon dioxide (CO2) -Sulfur oxides (SOx)

Carbon monoxide (CO)= Conventional Methane (CH4)= Greenhouse Carbon dioxide (CO2)= Greenhouse Sulfur oxides (SOx)= Conventional

What is the "Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act of 1937" (also known as the pittman-robertson act)?

Charges a federal excise tax on firearms and ammunition

Who spends more on conservation currently-consumptive or non consumptive users?

Consumptive users

Of Human causes of extinction, which is most significant? A.) Hunting B.) Introduced (exotic) species C.) Chemical poisoning D.) Habitat loss

D.) Habitat loss

Where did hunting ethics come from? A.) Animal rights activists B.) Congressional approval C.) Wildlife ecologists D.) Hunters themselves E.) A horrified public

D.) Hunters themselves

Which of the following is NOT an expected consequence of a 2.0 to 4.0°C global warming? A.) More days above 90 degrees Fahrenheit B.) More frequent and intense drought C.) More variable and unpredictable weather D.) More glaciers E.) More sea-level rise F.) More mosquito and tickborne diseases

D.) More glaciers

What is the current minimum mandated distance for riparian buffers in Iowa (how wide of a buffer of natural vegetation must you leave alongside a stream)? A.) 10 feet B.) 50 feet C.) 75 feet D.) there is no minimum mandated distance in Iowa

D.) there is no minimum mandated distance in Iowa

Which federal agency took a lead in restoring endangered wildlife habitat in Florida? A.) National Forest Service B.) Fish & Wildlife Service C.) Bureau of Land Management D.) National Park Service E.) Department of Defense

E.) Department of Defense

Quickly fighting and suppressing periodic surface fires is the best way to prevent destructive crown fires in the future T/F

False

There are more hunters and fishers than non-consumptive users T/F

False

True or false: everyone has equal access to natural resources

False

True or false: managing habitat to benefit one species will also help all the other species in that area

False

True or false: the United States leads the world in wind energy production?

False

US Land Use: Agricultural land takes up about fifth of the country. True or false: Of the total cropland acres in the United States, the majority (>50%) of those acres are used to grow the food we eat

False

Wildfires are always destructive, no ecosystems are adapted to them T/F

False

What is the 10AM rule?

Put out fires by 10am

What is the difference between a 'source' and 'sink' population in a metapopulation?

Source- Birth rates are higher than death rates. Surplus individuals can migrate Sink- Birth rates less than death rates. Population would disappear if not replenished from a source.

The four universal habitat requirements that all animals need are: food, water, cover, and ___________

Space

Name one HEC (herbaceous energy crop) discussed in this lecture

Sweet sorghum switchgrass restored prairie prairie miscanthus corn sorghum

Iowa is #2 in total wind energy production. Which US state is #1?

Texas

Why is Iowa a tallgrass prairie and not a forest?

fire