NUR 208 Exam 1

Typically in the United States, the comfortable personal space is from 1.5 feet to:

4 feet

Because age differences between siblings may affect family dynamics, there is more affection and less rivalry and hostility between siblings whose ages differ by: A. 5 or more years. B. 4 years. C. 3 years. D. 2 or fewer years.

A. 5 or more years.

A nurse is examining different situations that represent the superego component of human personality, as per Sigmund Freud. Which situations accurately represent superego? Select all that apply. A. A client experiencing a stomachache refrains from stealing medications from a friend because it is illegal. B. A client having a craving for fruits does not steal them from the next client because that client needs it more. C. A client controls the urge to eat candy because he or she knows that it will affect the blood sugar levels. D. A client feels the urge to run away from the hospital but refrains from doing so because the security guard is watching. E. A client who needs to urinate does so beside the bed instead of waiting for the nurse to assist him or her.

A. A client experiencing a stomachache refrains from stealing medications from a friend because it is illegal. B. A client having a craving for fruits does not steal them from the next client because that client needs it more. C. A client controls the urge to eat candy because he or she knows that it will affect the blood sugar levels.

Which examples mentioned by the nurse belong to the third level of needs according to Maslow's hierarchy? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. A client is depressed because his or her spouse has passed away. B. A client is constipated due to excess loss of fluids from the body. C. A client wants to reconnect with old friends after being diagnosed with cancer. D. A client has to live in a rat-infested apartment due to lack of financial resources. E. A client never goes to family gatherings because he or she is not accepted by family members.

A. A client is depressed because his or her spouse has passed away. C. A client wants to reconnect with old friends after being diagnosed with cancer. E. A client never goes to family gatherings because he or she is not accepted by family members.

What are some possible effects of social isolation on health? A. Increased risk for developing infections, diabetes, cardiovascular disease B. Increased risk for developing cancer, depression, kidney failure C. Increased for stroke, depression, dermatologic conditions D. Increased risk for developing diabetes, kidney failure, cardiovascular disease

A. Increased risk for developing infections, diabetes, cardiovascular disease

Which information would the nurse provide about the sensorimotor period of Piaget's theory of cognitive development? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. The child learns that he or she is separate from his or her parents or favorite toy. B. The child develops a schema or action pattern for dealing with his or her environment. C. The child believes that nonliving objects have realistic thoughts D. The child learns about himself or herself and the environment through motor and reflex actions. E. The child promotes his or her cognitive development and learns about the world through playing.

A. The child learns that he or she is separate from his or her parents or favorite toy. B. The child develops a schema or action pattern for dealing with his or her environment. D. The child learns about himself or herself and the environment through motor and reflex actions.

The Whitehall studies found a relationship between employment and illness, specifically that: A. The lower the employment grade, the higher the risk of illness B. The higher the employment grade, the higher the risk of illness C. The lower the employment grade, the lower the risk of illness D. None of the above

A. The lower the employment grade, the higher the risk of illness

In the cold virus study, they found that: A. The more years a person's parents owned a home, the less likely it would be that the person would get a cold when exposed to a cold virus B. The more years a person's parents owned a home, the more likely it would be that the person would get a cold when exposed to a cold virus C. The rate a person would get a cold when exposed to a cold virus was affected most by the type of neighborhood the person's parents owned a home D. A & C only

A. The more years a person's parents owned a home, the less likely it would be that the person would get a cold when exposed to a cold virus

The laissez-faire parenting style: A. allows children to regulate their own activity; sees parenting role as resource rather than role model. B. employs only one-way communication with the children. C. respects each child's individuality; directs child's behavior by emphasizing the reasons for the rules. D. establishes rules, regulations, and standards of conduct for children that are to be followed without question.

A. allows children to regulate their own activity; sees parenting role as resource rather than role model.

What is one primary hormone released during the body's stress response? A. cortisol B. insulin C. testosterone D. dopamine

A. cortisol

The changes that have occurred to the traditional nuclear family over the past 40 years include: (Select all that apply.) A. decreased daily availability of the father. B. dual-career parents. C. larger families with young children. D. expectation that children be more independent.

A. decreased daily availability of the father. B. dual-career parents. D. expectation that children be more independent.

The health-care worker designing culturally competent care will employ interventions that: A. go beyond the awareness of similarities and differences to implementing care that is sensitive. B. recognize awareness of cultural similarities and differences. C. will judge behavior first in relation to the context of the culture in which it occurs. D. teach health beliefs of the dominant culture.

A. go beyond the awareness of similarities and differences to implementing care that is sensitive.

Changes in health-care delivery systems have been influenced primarily by: A. institution of various systems to provide cost-effective health care. B. governmental regulation of the cost of all health-care services. C. the need to meet the health-care needs of an aging population. D. development of medical technology that has reduced the incidence of illness.

A. institution of various systems to provide cost-effective health care.

How much does chronic illness cost business productivity per year? A. over one trillion dollars B. over one billion dollars C. over one million dollars D. none of the above

A. over one trillion dollars

Political action committees (PACs) can influence legislation by: (Select all that apply.) A. providing lobbying B. selecting candidates to run for office. C. creating an awareness of the need for new legislation. D. introducing legislation themselves. E. contributing money to legislators.

A. providing lobbying C. creating an awareness of the need for new legislation. E. contributing money to legislators.

In order to make an effective cultural assessment of a family dealing with a child with a terminal illness, the health-care worker must consider: (Select all that apply.) A. socioeconomic status. B. availability of other family members. C. religious practices. D. health beliefs. E. significance of the disease to the family.

A. socioeconomic status. C. religious practices. D. health beliefs. E. significance of the disease to the family.

The parents of two children, ages 7 and 2, are concerned about the language development of their 2-year-old. They tell the health-care worker that their older child began talking in two- or three-word phrases by age 2, but their younger child is still using mostly one-word sentences. The best response by the health-care worker is: A. "Your child should be evaluated as soon as possible for a language disorder." B. "First-born children generally have a larger vocabulary and better conversational skills at an earlier age." C. "Your child will not begin to develop better language skills until she enters preschool." D. "Make arrangements for your child to attend a day care center to improve language skills."

B. "First-born children generally have a larger vocabulary and better conversational skills at an earlier age."

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. Which information provided by the registered nurse regarding Postconventional Reasoning needs correction? A. "In this level, an individual starts to wonder what an ideal society would be like." B. "In this level, emphasis is given on social rules and a community-centered approach." C. "In this level, an individual finds a balance between basic human rights and obligations and societal rules and regulations." D. "In this level, an individual moves away from moral decisions based on authority or conformity to groups to define their own moral values and principles."

B. "In this level, emphasis is given on social rules and a community-centered approach."

The theorist who proposed a psychosocial theory that human development occurs as a result of interactions among the environment, culture, and the individual was: A. Erik Erikson. B. Daniel Levinson. C. Carl Jung. D. Robert Keegan.

B. Daniel Levinson.

An older adult was admitted to a long-term care facility for difficulties with activities of daily living. Based on Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which intervention would the nurse use to assist the client to fulfill her or his developmental task? A. Encourage the client to perform as much self-care as possible. B. Engage the client in reminiscence about past achievements. C. Invite the client to participate in socialization and activity groups. D. Suggest that the family accompany the client on short walks

B. Engage the client in reminiscence about past achievements.

Which situation would the nurse address to meet the safety and security needs of the client according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs? A. Because my teeth hurt when I eat. B. I do not want to talk to any stranger because I fear that they might take away my things. C. My blood pressure level keeps on fluctuating. D. Ever since my family members came to know about my problem.

B. I do not want to talk to any stranger because I fear that they might take away my things.

Which statement made by the client indicates the identity versus role confusion stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. I fear that this relationship will not last B. I like to dress like a boy even though my parents want me to dress like a girl. C. When I look back at my life D. I want to get a clear skin like my best friend E. I do not want to become an engineer like my parents want me to be; I dream of becoming a pilot.

B. I like to dress like a boy even though my parents want me to dress like a girl. D. I want to get a clear skin like my best friend E. I do not want to become an engineer like my parents want me to be; I dream of becoming a pilot.

According to the video, what were some reasons the tuberculosis rate dropped in the United States between 1900 and 1940? A. New medications were discovered B. Infected persons were removed and isolated C. Better personal hygiene D. All of the above

B. Infected persons were removed and isolated

A diagnosis-related group (DRG) is: A. a standard used by health-care facilities to determine charges for health-care services. B. a medical condition classification system that determines what Medicare will pay for health-care services. C. the method that health-care agencies use to decide what health-care services are needed for patients. D. a system used by all insurance companies to determine what health-care services will be covered.

B. a medical condition classification system that determines what Medicare will pay for health-care services.

A health-care worker planning a research project related to teenage pregnancy in his community would include in the initial assessment the health status of the target population. Health status could be best evaluated by the examination of the: A. birth rate, disease morbidity, and life expectancy. B. birth rate, access to health care, and death rate. C. disease severity, life expectancy, and health insurance coverage. D. health insurance use, death rate, and access to health care.

B. birth rate, access to health care, and death rate.

The characteristic common to all developmental models is that: A. chronological age is the most important factor. B. development is a continuous process throughout the lifespan. C. development depends on physical growth. D. developmental progress continues regardless of environment.

B. development is a continuous process throughout the lifespan.

Information about morbidity and mortality gives the health-care worker data to identify: A. lifespan statistics. B. high-risk age groups for certain diseases or hazards. C. effectiveness of treatment. D. cost-effective treatment for the general population.

B. high-risk age groups for certain diseases or hazards.

The young, female health-care worker who is giving admission information to an elderly Muslim man feels he is ignoring her because he: A. does not value women. B. looks at the floor rather than at her. C. resists instruction from a younger person. D. prefers to be instructed by a man.

B. looks at the floor rather than at her.

The culturally competent health-care worker is aware that when caring for members of a culturally diverse population, care must focus on: A. the tendency to develop ethnocentricity. B. overcoming their own cultural barriers to avoid stereotyping. C. unconsciously imposing one's own culture on others. D. confusing the values and beliefs of one culture with another.

B. overcoming their own cultural barriers to avoid stereotyping.

The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 provided money for the development of: (Select all that apply.) A. treatment centers for drug dependency. B. skilled nursing facilities. C. nursing schools. D. home health agencies. E. day care centers.

B. skilled nursing facilities D. Home health agencies

A nursing student gives different examples representing the components of human personality, according to Sigmund Freud. Which examples mentioned by the nursing student represent the component ego? Select all that apply. A. "A client notes that the nurse is late in bringing in the food tray, so he or she steals food from the cafeteria." B. "A client feels that the next client received a better pillow but refrains from taking it away because it is wrong." C. "A client wants to eat junk food but does not order it because the dietician is keeping track of his or her weight." D. "A client with insomnia wants to take an extra sleeping pill but refrains from doing so because the caregivers are present." E. "A client is attracted to the nurse in charge but does not make any moves because there are other clients in the same ward."

C. "A client wants to eat junk food but does not order it because the dietician is keeping track of his or her weight." D. "A client with insomnia wants to take an extra sleeping pill but refrains from doing so because the caregivers are present." E. "A client is attracted to the nurse in charge but does not make any moves because there are other clients in the same ward."

What percentage of children living in the United States live in poverty? A. 15 percent B. 20 percent C. 21 percent D. 25 percent

C. 21 percent

According to the video, what is the percent of diabetes in the Marshalls Islands? A. 20% B. 25% C. 30% D. 45%

C. 30%

A nurse is evaluating different situations on the basis of the components of human personality as mentioned by Sigmund Freud. Which situations represent the id component? Select all that apply. A. A client feeling thirsty waits for the nurse to bring him or her water instead of taking it from the next client because he or she knows that it is wrong. B. A client feeling hungry notices a food tray at the next bed, but does not grab the food because a nurse is watching. C. A client wishes to go home and therefore slips out of the healthcare facility quietly without anyone noticing. D. A client feels nauseous; therefore, he or she leaves work midway to go to a healthcare facility. E. A client experiencing pain takes pain medication prescribed to a family member.

C. A client wishes to go home and therefore slips out of the healthcare facility quietly without anyone noticing. D. A client feels nauseous; therefore, he or she leaves work midway to go to a healthcare facility. E. A client experiencing pain takes pain medication prescribed to a family member.

Which is the similarity between the preoperational period and the formal operations period of Piaget's theory? A. Both periods involve the concept of an imaginary audience judging an individual's decisions. B. Both periods demonstrate animism in a child. C. Both periods explain the idea of egocentric thought in an individual. D. Both periods occur at the beginning of an individual's cognitive development.

C. Both periods explain the idea of egocentric thought in an individual.

What is the similarity between stages 5 and 6 of Kohlberg's theory? A. Both stages explain the basic rights of an individual. B. Both stages focus on the importance of following laws without question. C. Both stages are associated with postconventional reasoning. D. Both stages emphasize the democratic process.

C. Both stages are associated with postconventional reasoning.

According to Piaget's theory, which of these is true about the period of formal operations? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Children develop a scheme for dealing with the environment. B. Children are able to describe a process without actually doing it. C. Children have the capacity to reason with respect to possibilities. D. Children believe that everyone experiences the world exactly as they do. E. Children have a belief that their actions are scrutinized by imaginary audience.

C. Children have the capacity to reason with respect to possibilities. E. Children have a belief that their actions are scrutinized by imaginary audience. Kohlberg

What does the Latino paradox from the 1960s describe? A. Latino immigrants have higher rates of psychiatric illness due to having lower education and income B. Latino immigrants have higher rates of psychiatric illness despite having higher education and income C. Latino immigrants have lower rates of psychiatric illness despite having lower education and income D. Latino immigrants have lower rates of psychiatric illness due to having higher education and income

C. Latino immigrants have lower rates of psychiatric illness despite having lower education and income

Healthy People 2020 endorses the completion of a high school education primarily to enable a person to: A. secure a better job. B. increase the quality of life. C. make healthy lifestyle choices. D. maintain the family unit.

C. make healthy lifestyle choices.

To conform to the national trend in health care, health-care agencies of the future may need to depend on: A. accountants to implement cost-saving measures. B. legislators to set limits on health-care funding. C. nurses to plan and implement self-care education programs. D. insurance companies to provide more coverage for high-technology procedures.

C. nurses to plan and implement self-care education programs.

The health-care worker advises a young woman who is 7 weeks pregnant to include folic acid supplements in her diet in order to: A. strengthen muscles in preparation for effective labor. B. help control excessive weight gain during pregnancy. C. reduce incidence of congenital malformations. D. enhance the probability of carrying the pregnancy to full term.

C. reduce incidence of congenital malformations.

What is the most important social determinant of health in terms of risk factors? A. marital status B. neighborhood C. social class D. health care

C. social class

To believe that all members of a culture behave in the same way is to practice:

Cultural stereotyping

After 5 years in the United States, what were some health effects on some Latino immigrants? A. 1 ½ times less likely to have heart disease B. 1 ½ times less likely to have diabetes C. 1 ½ times more likely to have depression D. 1 ½ times more likely to have obesity and hypertension

D. 1 ½ times more likely to have obesity and hypertension

Compared to college graduates, high school graduates live: A. 1 ½ years longer on average B. 2 ½ years longer on average C. 1 ½ years shorter on average D. 2 ½ years shorter on average

D. 2 ½ years shorter on average

The Purpose of Healthy People 2030 is to: A. focus primarily on infant health and mortality B. Examine funding issues for healthcare C. Examine world needs D. Evaluate accomplishments for years 2010-2020

D. Evaluate accomplishments for years 2010-2020

The use of silence in conversation can mean different things depending on the culture. Silence indicates agreement in the ______________ culture. A. Native American B. Chinese C. Japanese D. Russian

D. Russian

Cultural competence in health care is demonstrated by: A. being able to differentiate between cultures. B. sensitivity to cultural differences. C. discussing cultural differences. D. adapting care to meet cultural needs.

D. adapting care to meet cultural needs.

To promote a sense of industry in a hospitalized school-age child, the health-care worker should: A. encourage the child to read a book. B. ask the parents of the child to bring a favorite toy from home. C. encourage the child to telephone friends and family members. D. ask the child to help pick up all the stuffed toys in the playroom.

D. ask the child to help pick up all the stuffed toys in the playroom.

When an Asian dinner guest startles his Western host by belching loudly to show appreciation of the meal, this behavior is an example of: A. cultural assimilation. B. cultural sensitivity. C. culture shock. D. cultural relativism.

D. cultural relativism.

The health-care worker points out to the family of a hospitalized child evidence that the facility supports family-centered health care by such practices as: A. presenting the family with the completed plan of care. B. nursing staff performing all care of the child. C. rigid times for meal service. D. expanded or totally open visiting hours.

D. expanded or totally open visiting hours.

A health-care worker who is planning a health education program for geriatric adults based on the goals of Healthy People 2020 would include: A. smoking cessation B. drug and alcohol abuse C. education about medications. D. fall prevention

D. fall prevention

The role of the professional nurse has evolved to include: A. providing direct care to patients at the bedside. B. managing care to cure health problems once they have occurred C. planning patient care to cover longer hospital stays. D. forming legislation for policies and practices related to health care.

D. forming legislation for policies and practices related to health care.

The health-care worker assesses a new patient for the use of alternative therapies. Such remedies have become widely used because these protocols: A. require a large number of unusual prescription drugs. B. are recognized as being superior to traditional remedies. C. must all be terminated when traditional medicine is used. D. have become very popular as they focus on health promotion.

D. have become very popular as they focus on health promotion.

Prospective payment systems for health-care services: A. reimburse only preapproved treatments B. pay only health-care providers under contract with the system to provide the lowest-priced services. C. require that health care be provided by preapproved health professionals. D. provide payment based on flat predetermined rates regardless of actual cost.

D. provide payment based on flat predetermined rates regardless of actual cost.

When caring for an 8-hour postpartum Chinese patient who adheres to the cultural philosophy that pregnancy is a "cold" condition, the health-care worker will remember to: A. thoroughly chill all food and drink. B. offer no fluids at all. C. restrict all spicy foods from the diet. D. turn up the thermostat.

D. turn up the thermostat.

An adolescent tells the nurse, "I do not go to parties that serve alcohol, not because my dad doesn't like it, but because I know this is not right." What STAGE does the statement indicate according to Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development? A. Social contract orientation B. Universal ethical principle orientation C. Instrumental relativist orientation D. Good boy-nice girl orientation E. Society-maintaining orientation F. Punishment and obedience orientation

E. Society-maintaining orientation

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, in which order would the nurse prioritize his or her actions? ____ Assisting the client in getting out of bed to join family members for meals ____ Providing a warm bath to the client to promote a good night's sleep ____ Praising the client for administering insulin accurately ____ Encouraging the client to talk about his or her fears and feelings

Providing a warm bath to the client to promote a good night's sleep ____ Encouraging the client to talk about his or her fears and feelings ____ Assisting the client in getting out of bed to join family members for meals ____ Praising the client for administering insulin accurately

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which is the correct order of a child's behavior as he or she ages? ____ The child develops feelings of superego or conscience. ____ The child concentrates on work and play. ____ The child is concerned about appearance and body image. ____ The child develops autonomy by making choices.

The child develops autonomy by making choices. ____ The child develops feelings of superego or conscience. ____ The child concentrates on work and play. ____ The child is concerned about appearance and body image.

Deep feelings a person has about what is morally right are:

Values