Nursing Informatics - System Life Cycle
SDLC
Systems Development Life Cycle
What are ways to analyze vendors, products and markets?
networks periodicals internet (KLAS) professional meetings trade shows trials site visits
Tracking Tools that a PM might use
GANTT chart PERT diagram Microsoft project software
The analysis phase of SDLC
Involves analyzing end-user business requirements and refining project goals into defined functions and operations of the intended system
Design Phase (SDLC)
Involves describing the desired features and operations of the system
RFI leads to?
RFP
Meaningful Use (2014) requires standard terminologies like -
SNOMED-CT LOINC
What are the major activities conducted during the Implement, Evaluate, Maintain and Support plan?
System documentation "Go live" plan sample cutover plan end-user training
The evaluation phase of SDLC
determines the positive and negative results of the implementation effort and suggests ways to improve the system
Product analysis answers these critical questions:
is this the: -right time -right place -right action -right location -right application for the product
How is system analysis used to reach decisions?
the actions, activities and interactions can be ranked and given priority status to determine the necessary and possibly unnecessary actions toward a desired outcome
What does Process analysis delineate?
the activities, skills and specific actions required to gain the desired output or result
Parallel activation approach
the new system runs parallel with the existing system until users can adjust
Cost-benefit analysis
Consider: tangible benefits, intangible benefits Consider: tangible costs, intangible costs Methods: Break-even analysis Cash-flow analysis Present value analysis
What can be answered in a RFP?
System functionality -states the users requirements (present/future) -states the options offered
Economic Feasibility Study
Systems analysts' time cost of systems study cost of employees' time for study estimated cost of hardware costs of packaged software or software development
Elements of a feasability study
Technical Economic Operational
Needs assessment
What the organization wants to accomplish with the information system (also called a gap analysis)
Big bang theory activation approach
a cut-over date and time are established for the organization, the old system is stopped, and all units/departments begin processing on the newly installed system
Pilot activation approach
a few departments or units try out the new system to see how it works and then help other units or department to use it
Technical feasibility
add on to present system technology available to meet users' needs
The implementation phase of SDLC
outlines the detailed plans for moving the new system into the production or live environment
Feasibility study
preliminary analysis to determine if the proposed problem can be solved by the implementation of an EHR or component application
The design phase of SDLC
produces detailed specifications of the proposed system
Steering committee
provides oversight guidance to the selection and integration of the organization's strategic goals
Technical manager
responsible for the coordination of efforts in: Hardware Networks Software Interface application Legacy system data conversion
Phased-in activation approach
the system is implemented by one unit or department at a time
Operational Feasibility Study
whether the system will operate when put in service whether the system will be used (user adoption)
Process Analysis identifies-
who the users are what they are doing how they carry out the action(s) when they are executing the actions why the actions are necessary
The planning phase involves these tasks
-Definition of committee structure -Definition of requirements and/or stated goal -feasibility study -gap analysis -documentation and negotiation of project scope document -allocation of resources
RFI process
-collect written information about the capabilities of various suppliers (vendors) -usually used to build the next step: the request for proposal
Statement of Objectives (SOO)
-first step in feasibility study is to state the objectives for the proposed system -purpose of the system -stated in measurable terms -end product is defined by what the EHR will do for the end users
System design, development and customization phase documents
-gap analysis -functional specifications -technical specifications -implementation workplan -post live evaluation reports
Analysis phase key documents
-gap analysis -technical requirements for hardware, software, networks -functional design document -system proposal document
Feasibility study can identify
-information needs -objectives -scope of the project
The key documents created in the planning phase are
-project governance structure -gap analysis -feasibility study -project scope document -development of a high-level workplan and resource requirements
How is system selection reached?
-what is our goal? -what has our investigation revealed? -which system, procedure or product best answers the need? -decision matrix to score each vendor -arrive at a consensus... a decision is made
Four phases of SDLC
1. Systems planning and selection 2. Systems analysis 3. Systems design 4. Systems implementation and operation
Decision Tree Analysis
A diagramming and calculation technique for evaluating the implications of a chain of multiple options in the presence of uncertainty.
Scope Document
A document that contains the project requirements and overall project direction. It should contain the goals, deliverables, budget, success criteria and important milestones.
What is system analysis?
A method or way of determining how separate parts or functions work together to form a result
The testing phase of SDLC
Generally conducted on three levels for both -the design -implementation of a commercially available system
What are examples of process diagrams?
Decision trees Flow charts Workflow diagrams
The planning phase of SDLC
Determines the problem scope Outlines the entire project Determines if the system is feasible and worth developing and/or implementing
Planning Tools that a PM might use
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Americans with disabilities Act (ADA) evaluation Process flow diagrams Workflow analysis Gap analysis Tracking tools
What are the major activities conducted in the System Design, Development, and Customization phase?
Functional specifications technical specification hardware and software requirements networks
The development phase of SDLC
The actual preparation of the system Support of workflow Review of policies and procedures impacted by the new system Detailed implementation planning
What is vital to the success of system planning?
The planners must have knowledge of the vision and mission of the organization
Data analysis
The process of compiling, analyzing, and interpreting the results of primary and secondary data collection.
Flow Chart analysis
assist the project team members by providing a visual of the findings and outcomes (both desired and undesired)
The functional design of the SDLC is
based on the overview statement of how the new system will work. It uses the workflow documents as its base, and adding critical documentation such as the human machine procedures, the input points, the processing requirements, the output from data entry, and major reports to be generated from the new system
Workflow diagrams
demonstrate the "flow" of work on a particular unit or in a department
The training phase of SDLC
focuses on the use of the system to improve their everyday workflow