Nursing Informatics - System Life Cycle

SDLC

Systems Development Life Cycle

What are ways to analyze vendors, products and markets?

networks periodicals internet (KLAS) professional meetings trade shows trials site visits

Tracking Tools that a PM might use

GANTT chart PERT diagram Microsoft project software

The analysis phase of SDLC

Involves analyzing end-user business requirements and refining project goals into defined functions and operations of the intended system

Design Phase (SDLC)

Involves describing the desired features and operations of the system

RFI leads to?

RFP

Meaningful Use (2014) requires standard terminologies like -

SNOMED-CT LOINC

What are the major activities conducted during the Implement, Evaluate, Maintain and Support plan?

System documentation "Go live" plan sample cutover plan end-user training

The evaluation phase of SDLC

determines the positive and negative results of the implementation effort and suggests ways to improve the system

Product analysis answers these critical questions:

is this the: -right time -right place -right action -right location -right application for the product

How is system analysis used to reach decisions?

the actions, activities and interactions can be ranked and given priority status to determine the necessary and possibly unnecessary actions toward a desired outcome

What does Process analysis delineate?

the activities, skills and specific actions required to gain the desired output or result

Parallel activation approach

the new system runs parallel with the existing system until users can adjust

Cost-benefit analysis

Consider: tangible benefits, intangible benefits Consider: tangible costs, intangible costs Methods: Break-even analysis Cash-flow analysis Present value analysis

What can be answered in a RFP?

System functionality -states the users requirements (present/future) -states the options offered

Economic Feasibility Study

Systems analysts' time cost of systems study cost of employees' time for study estimated cost of hardware costs of packaged software or software development

Elements of a feasability study

Technical Economic Operational

Needs assessment

What the organization wants to accomplish with the information system (also called a gap analysis)

Big bang theory activation approach

a cut-over date and time are established for the organization, the old system is stopped, and all units/departments begin processing on the newly installed system

Pilot activation approach

a few departments or units try out the new system to see how it works and then help other units or department to use it

Technical feasibility

add on to present system technology available to meet users' needs

The implementation phase of SDLC

outlines the detailed plans for moving the new system into the production or live environment

Feasibility study

preliminary analysis to determine if the proposed problem can be solved by the implementation of an EHR or component application

The design phase of SDLC

produces detailed specifications of the proposed system

Steering committee

provides oversight guidance to the selection and integration of the organization's strategic goals

Technical manager

responsible for the coordination of efforts in: Hardware Networks Software Interface application Legacy system data conversion

Phased-in activation approach

the system is implemented by one unit or department at a time

Operational Feasibility Study

whether the system will operate when put in service whether the system will be used (user adoption)

Process Analysis identifies-

who the users are what they are doing how they carry out the action(s) when they are executing the actions why the actions are necessary

The planning phase involves these tasks

-Definition of committee structure -Definition of requirements and/or stated goal -feasibility study -gap analysis -documentation and negotiation of project scope document -allocation of resources

RFI process

-collect written information about the capabilities of various suppliers (vendors) -usually used to build the next step: the request for proposal

Statement of Objectives (SOO)

-first step in feasibility study is to state the objectives for the proposed system -purpose of the system -stated in measurable terms -end product is defined by what the EHR will do for the end users

System design, development and customization phase documents

-gap analysis -functional specifications -technical specifications -implementation workplan -post live evaluation reports

Analysis phase key documents

-gap analysis -technical requirements for hardware, software, networks -functional design document -system proposal document

Feasibility study can identify

-information needs -objectives -scope of the project

The key documents created in the planning phase are

-project governance structure -gap analysis -feasibility study -project scope document -development of a high-level workplan and resource requirements

How is system selection reached?

-what is our goal? -what has our investigation revealed? -which system, procedure or product best answers the need? -decision matrix to score each vendor -arrive at a consensus... a decision is made

Four phases of SDLC

1. Systems planning and selection 2. Systems analysis 3. Systems design 4. Systems implementation and operation

Decision Tree Analysis

A diagramming and calculation technique for evaluating the implications of a chain of multiple options in the presence of uncertainty.

Scope Document

A document that contains the project requirements and overall project direction. It should contain the goals, deliverables, budget, success criteria and important milestones.

What is system analysis?

A method or way of determining how separate parts or functions work together to form a result

The testing phase of SDLC

Generally conducted on three levels for both -the design -implementation of a commercially available system

What are examples of process diagrams?

Decision trees Flow charts Workflow diagrams

The planning phase of SDLC

Determines the problem scope Outlines the entire project Determines if the system is feasible and worth developing and/or implementing

Planning Tools that a PM might use

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Americans with disabilities Act (ADA) evaluation Process flow diagrams Workflow analysis Gap analysis Tracking tools

What are the major activities conducted in the System Design, Development, and Customization phase?

Functional specifications technical specification hardware and software requirements networks

The development phase of SDLC

The actual preparation of the system Support of workflow Review of policies and procedures impacted by the new system Detailed implementation planning

What is vital to the success of system planning?

The planners must have knowledge of the vision and mission of the organization

Data analysis

The process of compiling, analyzing, and interpreting the results of primary and secondary data collection.

Flow Chart analysis

assist the project team members by providing a visual of the findings and outcomes (both desired and undesired)

The functional design of the SDLC is

based on the overview statement of how the new system will work. It uses the workflow documents as its base, and adding critical documentation such as the human machine procedures, the input points, the processing requirements, the output from data entry, and major reports to be generated from the new system

Workflow diagrams

demonstrate the "flow" of work on a particular unit or in a department

The training phase of SDLC

focuses on the use of the system to improve their everyday workflow