Nursing Management of the Pregnancy at Risk: Selected Health Conditions and Vulnerable Populations
A nursing instructor is teaching students about preexisting illnesses and how they can complicate a pregnancy. The instructor recognizes a need for further education when one of the students makes which statement?
"A pregnant woman does not have to worry about contracting new illnesses during pregnancy."
A nurse is caring for a pregnant client with heart disease in a labor unit. Which intervention is most important in the first 48 hours postpartum?
assessing for cardiac decompensation
A primigravida 21-year-old client at 24 weeks' gestation has a 2-year history of HIV. As the nurse explains the various options for delivery, which factor should the nurse point out will influence the decision for a vaginal birth?
the viral load
Which factor would contribute to a high-risk pregnancy?
type 1 diabetes
A pregnant client is diagnosed with syphilis. Which response would demonstrate respect for the client and therapeutic communication?
"I am sure it is frightening to you to be diagnosed with a disease that can affect your baby."
The nurse is teaching a client with gestational diabetes about complications that can occur either following birth or during the birth for the infant. Which statement by the mother indicates that further teaching is needed by the nurse?
"If my blood sugars are elevated, my baby's lungs will mature faster, which is good."
A woman with cardiac disease at 32 weeks' gestation reports she has been having spells of light-headedness and dizziness every few days. Which instruction should the nurse prioritize?
Decrease activity and rest more often.
A 20-year-old pregnant client is positive for hemoglobin S. The nurse explains to the client that she will need perform which actions during her pregnancy? Select all that apply.
Drink lots of fluids. Avoid conditions of low oxygen tension, such as high altitudes.
The nurse encourages a woman with gestational diabetes to maintain an active exercise period during pregnancy. Prior to this exercise period, the nurse would advise her to take which action?
Eat a sustaining-carbohydrate snack.
An infant is born to a mother with gestational diabetes. Which long-term maternal complication is associated with this diagnosis?
Increased risk of development of type 2 diabetes
The maternal health nurse is caring for a group of high-risk pregnant clients. Which client condition will the nurse identify as being the highest risk for pregnancy?
Pulmonary hypertension
A nurse is teaching a 30-year-old gravida 1 who has sickle cell anemia. Providing education on which topic is the highest nursing priority?
avoidance of infection
The nurse is assessing a pregnant client with a known history of congestive heart failure who is in her third trimester. Which assessment findings should the nurse prioritize?
dyspnea, crackles, and irregular weak pulse
A pregnant client has tested positive for cytomegalovirus. What can this cause in the newborn?
microcephaly
A pregnant client has been diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Which are risk factors for developing gestational diabetes? Select all that apply.
obesity hypertension previous large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infant
The nurse explains to a pregnant client that she will need to take iron during her pregnancy after being diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. The nurse suggests that absorption of the supplemental iron can be increased by taking it with which substance?
orange juice
Over the past 20 weeks, the following blood pressure readings are documented for a pregnant client with chronic hypertension: week 16 - 130/86 mm Hg; week 20 - 138/88 mm Hg; week 24 - 136/82 mm Hg; and week 28 - 138/88 mm Hg. The nurse interprets these findings as indicating which classification of her blood pressure?
stage 1
Which changes in pregnancy would the nurse identify as a contributing factor for arterial thrombosis, especially for the woman with atrial fibrillation?
hypercoagulable state
A woman's baby is HIV positive at birth. She asks the nurse if this means the baby will develop AIDS. Which statement would be the nurse's best answer?
"The antibodies may be those transferred across the placenta; the baby may not develop AIDS."
A 14-year-old client and her parents have presented at the obstetrician's office in the second trimester; the teen had been hiding the pregnancy. The nurse is helping them develop a plan of care. What is the best thing the nurse can say to the clearly angry parents?
"I know you must be very upset and angry about your daughter's pregnancy, but because she's still an adolescent herself, she'll need your guidance in making nutritional and health choices that will be good for the baby and for herself."
A pregnant woman with diabetes is having her hemoglobin (glycosylated) level evaluated. The nurse determines that the woman's glucose is under control and continues the woman's plan of care based on which result?
6.5%
A pregnant woman with diabetes is having a glycosylated hemoglobin (HgbA1C) level drawn. Which result would require the nurse to revise the client's plan of care?
8.5%
A pregnant woman with sickle cell anemia is very concerned her infant will also develop the disease and questions the nurse about that possibility. Which is the best response from the nurse?
Both parents have to carry the trait.
A woman with class II heart disease is experiencing an uneventful pregnancy and is now prescribed bed rest at 36 weeks' gestation by her health care provider. The nurse should point out that this is best accomplished with which position?
Lie in a semi-recumbent position.
The nurse is preparing information for a client who has just been diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Which instruction should the nurse prioritize in this information?
Maintain a daily blood glucose log
What important instruction should the nurse give a pregnant client with tuberculosis?
Maintain adequate hydration.
A nurse caring for a pregnant client suspects substance use during pregnancy. What is the priority nursing intervention for this client?
Obtain a urine specimen for a drug screening.
The nurse is preparing to teach a pregnant client with iron deficiency anemia about the various iron-rich foods to include in her diet. Which food should the nurse point out will help increase the absorption of her iron supplement?
Orange juice
A pregnant client with type I diabetes asks the nurse about how to best control her blood sugar while she is pregnant. The best reply would be for the woman to:
check her blood sugars frequently and adjust insulin accordingly.
Cytomegalovirus infection can result in different congenital anomalies. It can also be transmitted via different routes. When discussing this infection with a pregnant woman, the nurse integrates understanding that permanent fetal disability can occur with which type of transmission of CMV?
in utero transmission
The nurse is assessing a woman with class III heart disease who is in for a prenatal visit. What would be the first recognizable sign that this client is in heart failure?
persistent rales in the bases of the lungs
A 40-year-old woman comes to the clinic reporting having missed her period for two months. A pregnancy test is positive. What is she and her fetus at increased risk for?
placental abnormalities
A pregnant single mom living alone tells the nurse she is considering getting a cat for her 2-year-old daughter. Which is the best response by the nurse?
"You should wait until after you give birth to obtain the cat for your daughter."
A client with asthma is confused by her primary care provider continuing her medication while she is pregnant, since she read online the medications can cause birth defects. What is the nurse's best response?
"Your primary care provider will order safe doses of your medication."
A G2P1 woman with type 1 diabetes is determined to be at 8 weeks' gestation by her health care provider. The nurse should point out which factor will help the client maintain glycemic control?
Exercise
The nurse is appraising the laboratory results of a pregnant client who is in her second trimester and notes the following: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) slightly elevated, glucose in the urine, complete blood count (CBC) low normal, and normal electrolytes. The nurse prioritizes further testing to rule out which condition?
Gestational diabetes
A 17-year-old primigravida with type 1 diabetes is at 37 weeks' gestation comes to the clinic for an evaluation. The nurse notes her blood sugar has been poorly controlled and the health care provider is suspecting the fetus has macrosomia. The nurse predicts which step will be completed next?
Preparing for amniocentesis and fetal lung maturity assessment
A nurse is conducting a presentation about prenatal care and preexisting maternal conditions. When discussing the various risks to the mother and infant, the nurse would include information about which condition as the leading cause of intellectual disability in the United States?
fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
A pregnant client with type 1 diabetes is in labor. The client's blood glucose levels are being monitored every hour and she has a prescription for an infusion of regular insulin as needed based on the client's blood glucose levels. Her levels are as follows: 1300: 105 mg/dL (5.83 mmol/L) 1400: 100 mg/dL (5.55 mmol/L) 1500: 120 mg/dL (6.66 mmol/L) 1600: 106 mg/dl (5.88 mmol/L) Based on the recorded blood glucose levels, at which time would the nurse likely administer the regular insulin infusion?
1500
A new young mother has tested positive for HIV. When discussing the situation with the client, the nurse should advise the mother that she should avoid which activity?
breastfeeding
A nurse is interviewing a pregnant woman who has come to the clinic for her first prenatal visit. During the interview, the client tells the nurse that she works in a day care center with 2- and 3-year olds. Based on the client's history, the nurse would be alert for the development of which condition?
cytomegalovirus
What is the role of the nurse during the preconception counseling of a pregnant client with chronic hypertension?
stressing the positive benefits of a healthy lifestyle
A pregnant client has tested positive for hepatitis B virus. When discussing the situation with the client, the nurse explains that her newborn will be vaccinated with an initial HBV vaccine dose at which time?
within 12 hours