NUTR 202 exam 4
Which foods allow the best zinc absorption when combined with other foods?
Meats
What foods contain calcium?
Milk
According to _____ regulations, dietary supplements must be labeled with a Supplemental Facts panel.
NIH
Bioavailability is the amount of ________ consumed that is absorbed and available for use by the body.
Nutrient
What are the characteristics of water soluble vitamins?
absorbed directly into the blood stream travel freely in blood are not stored in the tissues to a great extent
Which food increases iron absorption?
alcohol
Dietary supplements _____.
do not list side effects on product labels
Most of the iron in plants and eggs is tightly bound to substances such as _____, which limit iron absorption.
phytates or oxalic acid
Copper is essential for _____.
brain development
What are symptoms for vitamin A ovderdose?
brittle hair and dry skin
An important cause of underweight in some poor nations is _____.
poverty
A positive energy balance is normal during _____.
pregnancy and childhood
Protein is needed to _____.
repair and rebuild muscle
Milk comes in opaque containers because _____ is destroyed by exposure to light.
riboflavin
Besides regulations on vitamin and mineral supplements, dietary supplements are viewed by the FDA as:
safe until proven hazardous
Which commonly used method for assessing body fat content uses calipers to measure the thickness of fat folds that lie underneath the skin?
skinfold measurement
Water balance and cell functions are upset when there is an imbalance in the body's supplies of _____.
sodium and potassium
Which activity is an example of an anaerobic exercise?
sprinting
Which food is a good source of vitamin E?
sunflower seeds
Which B vitamin is needed for reactions that convert glucose into energy?
thiamin
A consequence of iodine deficiency is _____.
thyroid disease
Vitamin D is required for the absorption of calcium and the incorporation of calcium into bones.
true
Which vitamin is unique in that the body can build up stores that last for a year or more after intake of the vitamin stops and there are no known consequences of overdose?
vitamin B12
Which vitamin is required for reactions that build and maintain collagen?
vitamin C
Which vitamin plays a key role as a hormone in combating chronic inflammation and helps build strong bones?
vitamin D
Which of the following is a class of vitamins?
water soluble fat soluble
Bulimia nervosa is more common among _____.
wrestlers
Wendy would like to improve her flexibility. Which type of exercise should she perform?
yoga
Which group of people is most likely to engage in pica?
young children
How many vitamins are essential?
14
. The recommended intake of vitamin D was recently increased to _____ mcg daily for adults.
15
How many minerals are essential to our diet?
15
What is Vitamin D good for?
Building dense bones
The USP logo on the product label of a supplement indicates that it effectively treats or prevents a particular disease.
False
Which is not an example of aerobic fitness?
Heavy weight-lifting
Vitamin K is produced _____.
by bacteria in the gut
Exercise alone is generally as effective for weight reduction as exercise plus a reduced calorie intake.
False
FDA regulations apply to herbs.
False
Overexposure to the sun can cause vitamin D toxicity.
False
People who run out of fat during an endurance event "hit the wall."
False
Physical activity is the largest contributor to energy needs.
False
How does binge-eating disorder differ from bulimia nervosa?
There is no purging after a binge.
Aerobic exercises use oxygen for energy formation by muscles.
True
All athletes require more than their RDA of protein.
True
Due to the addition of folic acid to grain products, the prevalence of neural tube defects has been reduced substantially.
True
Exercise reduces the risk of developing colon and breast cancer.
True
Inadequate diets generally produce a spectrum of signs and symptoms related to multiple nutrient deficiencies.
True
Iron-deficiency anemia in infants and young children is related to lasting retardation in mental development.
True
Minerals consist of a single atom and carry a charge.
True
Much more ATP is delivered by the breakdown of fatty acids than glucose.
True
Myoglobin boosts the supply of oxygen to muscles.
True
Niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, and choline are all B-complex vitamins.
True
Obesity may be related to environmental factors.
True
Only 30% or less of children and adolescents exercise at the recommended level.
True
People sweat more during physical activity in hot, humid weather.
True
Physical activity helps relieve depression, anxiety, and stress.
True
Probiotics are considered dietary supplements.
True
The 20-gram protein level appears to represent the limit on the amount of amino acids that can be incorporated into muscle cells post-exercise.
True
The beneficial effects of training on muscular endurance diminish at a faster rate than muscular strength after training stops.
True
The most widespread nutritional deficiency in both developing and developed countries is iron deficiency.
True
ULs are assigned to vitamins to indicate levels of vitamin intake from foods, fortified foods, and supplements that should not be exceeded.
True
Your estimated total daily need for calories is the sum of calories used for basal metabolism, physical activity, and dietary thermogenesis.
True
What is the test called that determines a pills ability to dissolve?
USP
Which substrate(s) is/are primarily used to fuel exercise below 60% VO2 max?
fatty acids only
When _____ stores are low or hemoglobin levels are low, less oxygen is delivered to cells, and less energy is produced than normal.
iron
Iron-deficiency anemia is characterized by _____.
paleness
Glycogen stores can be increased by consuming a meal or snack containing about _____ g of carbohydrate before an endurance event begins.
60
Basal metabolism accounts for _____% of the total need for calories in the vast majority of people.
60-75
Which of the following is not the purpose of Vitamin A:
Create Carotene
Who implemented an "Adverse Events Reporting System" website?
FDA
If a function claim is made on the label or package inserts, the label or insert must include the FDA disclaimer, which states that the _____.
FDA does not support the claim
All plant-based substances, such as those found in herbal remedies, are safe.
False
Anorexia nervosa only affects people between the ages of 16 and 25.
False
To reduce the risk of osteoporosis, how much calcium should one take?
1000-1500 mg/day
Dietary supplements are intended to prevent disease.
False
What is the recommended daily serving intake of fruit and vegetables to intake to obtain enough vitamins in a day?
5
An "average" activity level requires roughly _____% of the calories needed for basal metabolism.
50
The RDA for calcium is set at _____ mg per day for adults aged 19 to 50.
1,000
The RDA for iron is set at _____ milligrams per day for women aged 19 to 50.
18
The UL for sodium is set at _____ mg.
2,300
Individuals undertaking strength or endurance training may need _____ grams of additional protein daily to support muscle protein synthesis and repair.
20-40
People must experience eating binges once a week or more on average over a period of _____ to be diagnosed with binge-eating disorder.
3 months
How many minerals does the body contain?
40
What is the RDA for adult men and women for folate?
400 mcg
The water-soluble vitamins include _____.
B-complex vitamins and vitamin C
Absorption of iron from plants is increased substantially if foods containing vitamin _____ are included in the same meal.
C
A _____ is a small molecule that combines with an enzyme to make it active.
Coenzyme
Which of these is/are function(s) of Vitamin C?
Collagen formation Fights infections Repairs wounds
Which of the following is a component of thyroid hormones, which help regulate energy production, body temperature, metabolic rate, reproduction, growth, and nerve and muscle functions?
Iodine
Goiter occurs when:
Iodine levels are low
What is the most widespread nutritional deficiency?
Iron deficiency
What is a primary function of riboflavin?
It helps the body capture and use energy released from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Which disease is due to deficiency of niacin?
Pellagia
Which is not an essential mineral for human life?
Platinum
Vitamins DO NOT ______ .
Provide energy
Which are easiest for the body to absorb?
Single vitamin or mineral
Which of the following is a source of folic acid?
Spinach Romaine Dried beans
Which vitamin is associated with collagen formation?
Vitamin C
Which vitamin is given as an injection to newborns?
Vitamin K
Supplements are made up of:
Vitamins Mineral pills Herbal remedies Non-nutrient supplements
When are manufacturers allowed to claim their supplement can help prevent a disease?
When the the supplement provides a nutrient that directly helps address a nutrient deficient related disease
Exercise reduces the risk of developing colon and breast cancer.
When the the supplement provides a nutrient that directly helps adress a nutrient deficient related disease
Regular physical activity benefits health most when combined with _____ and other healthy behaviors.
a healthy dietary pattern
Which energy source provides the least amount of energy (5% at most) when we are inactive?
amino acids only
What contributes the most to energy need?
basal metabolism
What is a precursor of vitamin A?
beta-carotene
Vitamin K plays an important role in _____.
blood clotting
Certain groups of people are at greater risk of developing anorexia nervosa than others including _____.
competitive athletes and ballet dancers
What are the most likely causes of bulimia nervosa?
depression and abnormal mechanisms for regulating food intake
The use of weight-control programs that include _____ lead to greater weight loss.
dietary changes and physical activity
Adults who maintain their weight are in a state of _____.
energy balance
Being "pear shaped" is riskier than "apple shaped" due to the presence of visceral fat.
false
Dietary supplements are considered drugs.
false
What is the primary source of fuel for activities of low to moderate intensity such as jogging and swimming?
fat only
Physical fitness is a state of health measured by muscular strength and endurance, cardiorespiratory fitness, and _____.
flexibility
The primary food sources of vitamin C are _____.
fruits and vegetables
High-intensity, short-duration activities are fueled primarily by _____.
glucose
Activities such as basketball and football, which involve walking, running, and high-intensity, quick moves, use _____ for energy.
glucose and fat
________ can be used on the label of a supplement if it provides 10-19% of the DV.
good source
What does "high potency" mean in a dietary supplement?
greater than or equal to 100% DV
A primary function of fluoride is to _____.
help rebuild enamel that is beginning to decay
Which form of exercise would most likely increase muscular strength?
lifting weights
Energy-requiring processes of basal metabolism include _____.
maintenance of body temperature
The USP logo on a supplement label indicates that the product _____.
meets standards for disintegration, purity, potency, and labeling
Glycogen is stored in the _____.
muscles and liver
Which component of physical fitness refers to the length of time muscles can perform physical activities?
muscular endurance
Pellagra is a consequence of _____ deficiency.
niacin
Chromium is essential for _____.
normal utilization of glucose and fat
Why does delayed onset muscle soreness happen?
overused muscles develop microscopic tearing in muscle fibers