NUTR 202 exam 4

Which foods allow the best zinc absorption when combined with other foods?

Meats

What foods contain calcium?

Milk

According to _____ regulations, dietary supplements must be labeled with a Supplemental Facts panel.

NIH

Bioavailability is the amount of ________ consumed that is absorbed and available for use by the body.

Nutrient

What are the characteristics of water soluble vitamins?

absorbed directly into the blood stream travel freely in blood are not stored in the tissues to a great extent

Which food increases iron absorption?

alcohol

Dietary supplements _____.

do not list side effects on product labels

Most of the iron in plants and eggs is tightly bound to substances such as _____, which limit iron absorption.

phytates or oxalic acid

Copper is essential for _____.

brain development

What are symptoms for vitamin A ovderdose?

brittle hair and dry skin

An important cause of underweight in some poor nations is _____.

poverty

A positive energy balance is normal during _____.

pregnancy and childhood

Protein is needed to _____.

repair and rebuild muscle

Milk comes in opaque containers because _____ is destroyed by exposure to light.

riboflavin

Besides regulations on vitamin and mineral supplements, dietary supplements are viewed by the FDA as:

safe until proven hazardous

Which commonly used method for assessing body fat content uses calipers to measure the thickness of fat folds that lie underneath the skin?

skinfold measurement

Water balance and cell functions are upset when there is an imbalance in the body's supplies of _____.

sodium and potassium

Which activity is an example of an anaerobic exercise?

sprinting

Which food is a good source of vitamin E?

sunflower seeds

Which B vitamin is needed for reactions that convert glucose into energy?

thiamin

A consequence of iodine deficiency is _____.

thyroid disease

Vitamin D is required for the absorption of calcium and the incorporation of calcium into bones.

true

Which vitamin is unique in that the body can build up stores that last for a year or more after intake of the vitamin stops and there are no known consequences of overdose?

vitamin B12

Which vitamin is required for reactions that build and maintain collagen?

vitamin C

Which vitamin plays a key role as a hormone in combating chronic inflammation and helps build strong bones?

vitamin D

Which of the following is a class of vitamins?

water soluble fat soluble

Bulimia nervosa is more common among _____.

wrestlers

Wendy would like to improve her flexibility. Which type of exercise should she perform?

yoga

Which group of people is most likely to engage in pica?

young children

How many vitamins are essential?

14

. The recommended intake of vitamin D was recently increased to _____ mcg daily for adults.

15

How many minerals are essential to our diet?

15

What is Vitamin D good for?

Building dense bones

The USP logo on the product label of a supplement indicates that it effectively treats or prevents a particular disease.

False

Which is not an example of aerobic fitness?

Heavy weight-lifting

Vitamin K is produced _____.

by bacteria in the gut

Exercise alone is generally as effective for weight reduction as exercise plus a reduced calorie intake.

False

FDA regulations apply to herbs.

False

Overexposure to the sun can cause vitamin D toxicity.

False

People who run out of fat during an endurance event "hit the wall."

False

Physical activity is the largest contributor to energy needs.

False

How does binge-eating disorder differ from bulimia nervosa?

There is no purging after a binge.

Aerobic exercises use oxygen for energy formation by muscles.

True

All athletes require more than their RDA of protein.

True

Due to the addition of folic acid to grain products, the prevalence of neural tube defects has been reduced substantially.

True

Exercise reduces the risk of developing colon and breast cancer.

True

Inadequate diets generally produce a spectrum of signs and symptoms related to multiple nutrient deficiencies.

True

Iron-deficiency anemia in infants and young children is related to lasting retardation in mental development.

True

Minerals consist of a single atom and carry a charge.

True

Much more ATP is delivered by the breakdown of fatty acids than glucose.

True

Myoglobin boosts the supply of oxygen to muscles.

True

Niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, and choline are all B-complex vitamins.

True

Obesity may be related to environmental factors.

True

Only 30% or less of children and adolescents exercise at the recommended level.

True

People sweat more during physical activity in hot, humid weather.

True

Physical activity helps relieve depression, anxiety, and stress.

True

Probiotics are considered dietary supplements.

True

The 20-gram protein level appears to represent the limit on the amount of amino acids that can be incorporated into muscle cells post-exercise.

True

The beneficial effects of training on muscular endurance diminish at a faster rate than muscular strength after training stops.

True

The most widespread nutritional deficiency in both developing and developed countries is iron deficiency.

True

ULs are assigned to vitamins to indicate levels of vitamin intake from foods, fortified foods, and supplements that should not be exceeded.

True

Your estimated total daily need for calories is the sum of calories used for basal metabolism, physical activity, and dietary thermogenesis.

True

What is the test called that determines a pills ability to dissolve?

USP

Which substrate(s) is/are primarily used to fuel exercise below 60% VO2 max?

fatty acids only

When _____ stores are low or hemoglobin levels are low, less oxygen is delivered to cells, and less energy is produced than normal.

iron

Iron-deficiency anemia is characterized by _____.

paleness

Glycogen stores can be increased by consuming a meal or snack containing about _____ g of carbohydrate before an endurance event begins.

60

Basal metabolism accounts for _____% of the total need for calories in the vast majority of people.

60-75

Which of the following is not the purpose of Vitamin A:

Create Carotene

Who implemented an "Adverse Events Reporting System" website?

FDA

If a function claim is made on the label or package inserts, the label or insert must include the FDA disclaimer, which states that the _____.

FDA does not support the claim

All plant-based substances, such as those found in herbal remedies, are safe.

False

Anorexia nervosa only affects people between the ages of 16 and 25.

False

To reduce the risk of osteoporosis, how much calcium should one take?

1000-1500 mg/day

Dietary supplements are intended to prevent disease.

False

What is the recommended daily serving intake of fruit and vegetables to intake to obtain enough vitamins in a day?

5

An "average" activity level requires roughly _____% of the calories needed for basal metabolism.

50

The RDA for calcium is set at _____ mg per day for adults aged 19 to 50.

1,000

The RDA for iron is set at _____ milligrams per day for women aged 19 to 50.

18

The UL for sodium is set at _____ mg.

2,300

Individuals undertaking strength or endurance training may need _____ grams of additional protein daily to support muscle protein synthesis and repair.

20-40

People must experience eating binges once a week or more on average over a period of _____ to be diagnosed with binge-eating disorder.

3 months

How many minerals does the body contain?

40

What is the RDA for adult men and women for folate?

400 mcg

The water-soluble vitamins include _____.

B-complex vitamins and vitamin C

Absorption of iron from plants is increased substantially if foods containing vitamin _____ are included in the same meal.

C

A _____ is a small molecule that combines with an enzyme to make it active.

Coenzyme

Which of these is/are function(s) of Vitamin C?

Collagen formation Fights infections Repairs wounds

Which of the following is a component of thyroid hormones, which help regulate energy production, body temperature, metabolic rate, reproduction, growth, and nerve and muscle functions?

Iodine

Goiter occurs when:

Iodine levels are low

What is the most widespread nutritional deficiency?

Iron deficiency

What is a primary function of riboflavin?

It helps the body capture and use energy released from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Which disease is due to deficiency of niacin?

Pellagia

Which is not an essential mineral for human life?

Platinum

Vitamins DO NOT ______ .

Provide energy

Which are easiest for the body to absorb?

Single vitamin or mineral

Which of the following is a source of folic acid?

Spinach Romaine Dried beans

Which vitamin is associated with collagen formation?

Vitamin C

Which vitamin is given as an injection to newborns?

Vitamin K

Supplements are made up of:

Vitamins Mineral pills Herbal remedies Non-nutrient supplements

When are manufacturers allowed to claim their supplement can help prevent a disease?

When the the supplement provides a nutrient that directly helps address a nutrient deficient related disease

Exercise reduces the risk of developing colon and breast cancer.

When the the supplement provides a nutrient that directly helps adress a nutrient deficient related disease

Regular physical activity benefits health most when combined with _____ and other healthy behaviors.

a healthy dietary pattern

Which energy source provides the least amount of energy (5% at most) when we are inactive?

amino acids only

What contributes the most to energy need?

basal metabolism

What is a precursor of vitamin A?

beta-carotene

Vitamin K plays an important role in _____.

blood clotting

Certain groups of people are at greater risk of developing anorexia nervosa than others including _____.

competitive athletes and ballet dancers

What are the most likely causes of bulimia nervosa?

depression and abnormal mechanisms for regulating food intake

The use of weight-control programs that include _____ lead to greater weight loss.

dietary changes and physical activity

Adults who maintain their weight are in a state of _____.

energy balance

Being "pear shaped" is riskier than "apple shaped" due to the presence of visceral fat.

false

Dietary supplements are considered drugs.

false

What is the primary source of fuel for activities of low to moderate intensity such as jogging and swimming?

fat only

Physical fitness is a state of health measured by muscular strength and endurance, cardiorespiratory fitness, and _____.

flexibility

The primary food sources of vitamin C are _____.

fruits and vegetables

High-intensity, short-duration activities are fueled primarily by _____.

glucose

Activities such as basketball and football, which involve walking, running, and high-intensity, quick moves, use _____ for energy.

glucose and fat

________ can be used on the label of a supplement if it provides 10-19% of the DV.

good source

What does "high potency" mean in a dietary supplement?

greater than or equal to 100% DV

A primary function of fluoride is to _____.

help rebuild enamel that is beginning to decay

Which form of exercise would most likely increase muscular strength?

lifting weights

Energy-requiring processes of basal metabolism include _____.

maintenance of body temperature

The USP logo on a supplement label indicates that the product _____.

meets standards for disintegration, purity, potency, and labeling

Glycogen is stored in the _____.

muscles and liver

Which component of physical fitness refers to the length of time muscles can perform physical activities?

muscular endurance

Pellagra is a consequence of _____ deficiency.

niacin

Chromium is essential for _____.

normal utilization of glucose and fat

Why does delayed onset muscle soreness happen?

overused muscles develop microscopic tearing in muscle fibers