Nutr Ch 11
The AI for sodium in adults is
1500 mg/day
The adequate intake(AI) for chloride is
2300 mg/day
Most people in the United States do not consume the RDA for magnesium, which is in the range of ______ mg/day.
310-420
The absorption of magnesium usually ranges from between
40-60%.
Depending on a person's unique body composition roughly what percentage of body weight is contributed by water?
50-75%
Which of the following is NOT a good source of phosphorus in the typical American diet?
Apples
The state that describes body water depletion is called
Dehydration
The adult RDA for magnesium ranges from 500 to 1000 mg/day.
False
Functions for chloride in the body include
Hydrochloric acid production in the stomach. transmission of nerve impulses. regulation of acid base balance.
Since there is no Upper Level set for potassium, is it advisable for individuals to take potassium supplements?
No
Each of the MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the diet. What are the five MyPlate food groups?
Protein Grains Dairy Fruits Vegetables
Which of the following is the best source of magnesium?
Spinach
True or false: Most unusable substances in the body can dissolve in water and exit the body through the urine.
True
True or false: There is no Upper Level for potassium.
True
Calcium absorption in the small intestine is achieved with the help of
Vitamin D. calcium-binding protein.
Which bones are most often subject to osteoporosis-related fractures?
Wrist bones Hip bones Ankle bones Vertebrae
Which of the following are good food sources of calcium?
Yogurt Milk Cheese
How long can a human survive without water?
a few days
Most of the sodium in the American diet comes from salt
added during food preparation. added to cooked meals at the table. added during to food during processing
Sulfur is essential to the functioning of glutathione which has ______ activity in the body.
antioxidant
Of the foods listed below, the food that provides the most potassium is ______
baked potato
Sulfur is a component of
biotin. cysteine. methionine.
Which of the following is not a function of water within the body?
bodily fluids provide a source of energy to the body
Roles for calcium in the body include
bone and teeth formation. muscle contraction. blood clot formation.
The process by which bone tissue gains strength and rigidity is called
bone mineralization.
The most plentiful mineral in the body is _____
calcium
Most of the calcium in American diets comes from ______.
cheese yogurt fluid milk
Table salt is composed of sodium and
chloride
Magnesium is a critical component in ______, making plants good food sources for magnesium.
chlorophyll
Ted would like to lower his blood pressure by making a few dietary changes. If Ted aims to increase his potassium intake, he should
choose more fruits and vegetables.
The simplest ways to determine hydration status are observing urine
color. volume.
A person who has perspired a lot while exercising on a humid day is at risk for _____ due to fluid losses.
dehydration
Water moves from a region that is _____ to a region that has more material dissolved in it.
dilute
The greatest proportion of calcium absorption occurs in the
duodenum
What type of tissue contains the least amount of water?
fat tissue
The kidneys produce smaller amounts of urine when
fluid loss is great. fluid intake is limited.
Humans are able to make some water and to obtain it from which of the following types of foods?
fruits and vegetables
Since most Americans use too much table salt, and since table salt is sodium and chloride, most Americans get _____ than the AI for chloride.
greater than
Iron is an important component of
hemoglobin in cells
The AI for sodium is __________ in people who perspire heavily.
higher
The crystalline structure composed of calcium and phosphorus used for bone formation is called ______
hydroxyapatite
Match the parts of the word hyperphosphatemia to the word's meaning.
hyper ===> too much phosphate ===> mineral emia ===> blood
A person with persistently elevated blood pressure is diagnosed with ______.
hypertension
The condition that is characterized by elevated blood pressure is called ____
hypertension
Which of the following diseases or conditions are positively affected by calcium rich diets?
insulin resistance hypertension chronic inflammation
The body maintains fluid balance by controlling in each compartment the concentration of _______
ions
Mineral elements that have electrical charges that help maintain fluid balance in the body are called
ions. electrolytes.
What role in the body do sodium and potassium have in common?
maintaining fluid balance
Calcium, sodium and potassium are examples of _____ minerals
major
Minerals that are required in the diet each day in amounts larger than 100 milligrams are classified as _____ minerals.
major
Good dietary sources of phosphorus include
meat. dairy.
Potassium is needed by the body for
muscle contraction. nerve transmission.
Kidney-disease patients may need to monitor and regulate their _____ intake to avoid hyperphosphatemia.
phosphorus
Which of the following minerals participate in nerve transmission?
potassium sodium calcium
Examples of foods high in sodium are
processed snacks
Which of the following are functions of water?
regulate body temperature major solvent transport nutrients
Roles for phosphorus in the body include
regulating acid-base balance. generating ATP. synthesizing DNA.
Chloride along with sodium plays an important role in
regulating fluid balance
Most of the phosphorus in the body can be found in the
skeleton
Table salt is chemically known as ______ _____
sodium chloride
People with osteoporosis may break a bone by falling, or they may experience ____ fractures, in which a fragile bone gives way for no apparent reason.
spontaneous
Diffusion _____ when the concentrations of the material on either side of the plasma membrane are equal.
stops
Consuming a calcium rich diet may have beneficial effects on
successful weight loss
The major source of chloride in the American diet is
table salt
The absorption of dietary magnesium increases when
the body is deficient in magnesium.
Major minerals are called major because
they are needed in greater dietary amounts. they are stored in the body in larger quantities.
Water aids in the removal of waste products from the body
through the production of urine
Excellent sources of chloride include
tomatoes. celery. seaweed.
Choose the statements about water that are true.
total water intake requirements vary widely dietary choices and physical activity influence water requirements water needs vary based on environmental temperatures, age, and health conditions
How are minerals classified?
trace minerals major minerals
True or false: Each of the MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the diet
true
Recommendations for total _____ intake vary widely because factors such as environmental temperatures, health conditions, physical activities, and dietary choices influence individual requirements.
water