Nutr Ch 11

The AI for sodium in adults is

1500 mg/day

The adequate intake(AI) for chloride is

2300 mg/day

Most people in the United States do not consume the RDA for magnesium, which is in the range of ______ mg/day.

310-420

The absorption of magnesium usually ranges from between

40-60%.

Depending on a person's unique body composition roughly what percentage of body weight is contributed by water?

50-75%

Which of the following is NOT a good source of phosphorus in the typical American diet?

Apples

The state that describes body water depletion is called

Dehydration

The adult RDA for magnesium ranges from 500 to 1000 mg/day.

False

Functions for chloride in the body include

Hydrochloric acid production in the stomach. transmission of nerve impulses. regulation of acid base balance.

Since there is no Upper Level set for potassium, is it advisable for individuals to take potassium supplements?

No

Each of the MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the diet. What are the five MyPlate food groups?

Protein Grains Dairy Fruits Vegetables

Which of the following is the best source of magnesium?

Spinach

True or false: Most unusable substances in the body can dissolve in water and exit the body through the urine.

True

True or false: There is no Upper Level for potassium.

True

Calcium absorption in the small intestine is achieved with the help of

Vitamin D. calcium-binding protein.

Which bones are most often subject to osteoporosis-related fractures?

Wrist bones Hip bones Ankle bones Vertebrae

Which of the following are good food sources of calcium?

Yogurt Milk Cheese

How long can a human survive without water?

a few days

Most of the sodium in the American diet comes from salt

added during food preparation. added to cooked meals at the table. added during to food during processing

Sulfur is essential to the functioning of glutathione which has ______ activity in the body.

antioxidant

Of the foods listed below, the food that provides the most potassium is ______

baked potato

Sulfur is a component of

biotin. cysteine. methionine.

Which of the following is not a function of water within the body?

bodily fluids provide a source of energy to the body

Roles for calcium in the body include

bone and teeth formation. muscle contraction. blood clot formation.

The process by which bone tissue gains strength and rigidity is called

bone mineralization.

The most plentiful mineral in the body is _____

calcium

Most of the calcium in American diets comes from ______.

cheese yogurt fluid milk

Table salt is composed of sodium and

chloride

Magnesium is a critical component in ______, making plants good food sources for magnesium.

chlorophyll

Ted would like to lower his blood pressure by making a few dietary changes. If Ted aims to increase his potassium intake, he should

choose more fruits and vegetables.

The simplest ways to determine hydration status are observing urine

color. volume.

A person who has perspired a lot while exercising on a humid day is at risk for _____ due to fluid losses.

dehydration

Water moves from a region that is _____ to a region that has more material dissolved in it.

dilute

The greatest proportion of calcium absorption occurs in the

duodenum

What type of tissue contains the least amount of water?

fat tissue

The kidneys produce smaller amounts of urine when

fluid loss is great. fluid intake is limited.

Humans are able to make some water and to obtain it from which of the following types of foods?

fruits and vegetables

Since most Americans use too much table salt, and since table salt is sodium and chloride, most Americans get _____ than the AI for chloride.

greater than

Iron is an important component of

hemoglobin in cells

The AI for sodium is __________ in people who perspire heavily.

higher

The crystalline structure composed of calcium and phosphorus used for bone formation is called ______

hydroxyapatite

Match the parts of the word hyperphosphatemia to the word's meaning.

hyper ===> too much phosphate ===> mineral emia ===> blood

A person with persistently elevated blood pressure is diagnosed with ______.

hypertension

The condition that is characterized by elevated blood pressure is called ____

hypertension

Which of the following diseases or conditions are positively affected by calcium rich diets?

insulin resistance hypertension chronic inflammation

The body maintains fluid balance by controlling in each compartment the concentration of _______

ions

Mineral elements that have electrical charges that help maintain fluid balance in the body are called

ions. electrolytes.

What role in the body do sodium and potassium have in common?

maintaining fluid balance

Calcium, sodium and potassium are examples of _____ minerals

major

Minerals that are required in the diet each day in amounts larger than 100 milligrams are classified as _____ minerals.

major

Good dietary sources of phosphorus include

meat. dairy.

Potassium is needed by the body for

muscle contraction. nerve transmission.

Kidney-disease patients may need to monitor and regulate their _____ intake to avoid hyperphosphatemia.

phosphorus

Which of the following minerals participate in nerve transmission?

potassium sodium calcium

Examples of foods high in sodium are

processed snacks

Which of the following are functions of water?

regulate body temperature major solvent transport nutrients

Roles for phosphorus in the body include

regulating acid-base balance. generating ATP. synthesizing DNA.

Chloride along with sodium plays an important role in

regulating fluid balance

Most of the phosphorus in the body can be found in the

skeleton

Table salt is chemically known as ______ _____

sodium chloride

People with osteoporosis may break a bone by falling, or they may experience ____ fractures, in which a fragile bone gives way for no apparent reason.

spontaneous

Diffusion _____ when the concentrations of the material on either side of the plasma membrane are equal.

stops

Consuming a calcium rich diet may have beneficial effects on

successful weight loss

The major source of chloride in the American diet is

table salt

The absorption of dietary magnesium increases when

the body is deficient in magnesium.

Major minerals are called major because

they are needed in greater dietary amounts. they are stored in the body in larger quantities.

Water aids in the removal of waste products from the body

through the production of urine

Excellent sources of chloride include

tomatoes. celery. seaweed.

Choose the statements about water that are true.

total water intake requirements vary widely dietary choices and physical activity influence water requirements water needs vary based on environmental temperatures, age, and health conditions

How are minerals classified?

trace minerals major minerals

True or false: Each of the MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the diet

true

Recommendations for total _____ intake vary widely because factors such as environmental temperatures, health conditions, physical activities, and dietary choices influence individual requirements.

water