NUTR240 Carbohydrates (Ch.4)

The disaccharide lactose (milk sugar) is comprised of ________.

a molecule of glucose and a molecule of galactose

Fruits are preferred over sugary desserts because fruits ______.

are packaged with fiber

Excess fiber can lead to ______.

bloating and constipation

The glycemic index refers to the potential of foods to raise ______.

blood glucose and insulin

Sucrose is a __________.

disaccharide

As you increase your fiber intake, it is important to _____.

drink plenty of fluid

Which of the following behaviors can help reduce your risk of Type 2 diabetes?

eating a high-fiber, plant-based diet and exercising regularly

Which of the following can help someone who is lactose intolerant to enjoy dairy products?

enjoying cheese a little at a time

The diet for a person with diabetes should be high in _______.

fiber

Which of the following nutrients are added to enriched grains?

folic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and iron

A risk factor for type 2 diabetes is _______.

sedentary lifestyle

If a food contained 25 grams of carbohydrate and 200 calories per serving, what percent of the calories in this food come from carbohydrate?

50 percent

What are individuals with an inherited disorder known as phenylketonuria (PKU) unable to metabolize?

Aspartame (NutraSweet® or Equal®)

Olivia was once able to control her blood glucose with weight management, meal planning, and exercise. Why does she now require diabetes medication?

Diabetes is a progressive disease

__________ occurs when small bulging pouches are found along the intestinal lining.

Diverticulosis

The hormone that directs the breakdown of glycogen into glucose is __________.

Glucagon

What hormone, released from the pancreas in response to a low blood glucose level, acts to raise blood sugar back to normal?

Glucagon

The process of making glucose from noncarbohydrate sources is called ________.

Gluconeogenesis

The most abundant carbohydrate in nature is ________.

Glucose

__________ is the storage form of glucose in your body.

Glycogen

_____ are formed by incomplete fat metabolism during inadequate consumption of carbohydrates.

Ketones

The minimum amount of carbohydrates needed daily is __________ grams.

130

The recommendation for added sugar is _____ percent or less of total energy.

25

We need at least ______ grams of fiber daily.

25

Carbohydrates provide __________ calories per gram.

4

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) recommends __________ percent of total daily calories should come from carbohydrate.

45 to 65

Using glucose for energy helps to spare ______.

protein

Newly absorbed monosaccharides reaching the liver are converted to _______.

glucose

The preferred source of energy for the brain is ______.

glucose

When sucrose is digested, it yields ______.

glucose and fructose

Excess glucose is stored as _______.

glycogen

The storage form of glucose in humans is ______.

glycogen

When blood glucose levels are low, _______ is converted to glucose.

glycogen

Diabetes includes the risk of ______.

heart disease

Dietary fiber is associated with a reduced risk for ________.

heart disease

_______ is considered an example of a nutritive sweetener.

honey

What hormone is needed to move the glucose in your blood from the food you ate into your body's cells?

insulin

Which of the following hormones lowers blood glucose? (glucagon, insulin, cortisol)

insulin

People with a deficiency of the enzyme lactase cannot properly digest ________.

lactose or milk sugar

The simplest form of carbohydrates is ________.

monosaccharide

Which of the following is an example of a good source of dietary fiber?

oatmeal

Your blood cholesterol level is too high. To help lower it, you decide to eat more viscous, soluble high-fiber foods. A good choice would be __________.

oatmeal

The best type of fiber to eat for reducing constipation is ______.

soluble fiber

Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate?

starch

Reducing the consumption of __________ will have the biggest impact on decreasing the amount of added sugars that Americans consume.

sugar-sweetened beverages

Sugar causes ______.

tooth decay

The form of diabetes that often begins in childhood and is characterized by the inability of the pancreas to make insulin is ______.

type 1 diabetes

To select the most nutritious product, look for ______ on a bread label.

whole grain

Which of the following types of grain provides the most nutrients?

whole grains