Nutrition 1010 Proteins

What is the difference between essential & nonessential amino acids? How many amino acids are in each group? What food groups contain essential amino acids?

9 essential amino must be eaten 11 nonessential that are synthesized in body

What is the basic recommendation for protein intake for a healthy adult? Know how to calculate the basic protein requirement for an adult from his/her weight.

About .8 gm of protein per kg of body weight 56 grams for men 46 for women

Why are amino acids called the "building blocks" of protein?

Because 20 different amino acids make up ALL Proteins. There are 9 essential and 9 non essential

What are the major roles for proteins in our bodies?

Building blocks of body components, fluid balance maintenance, immune function, forming glucose, energy yielding, contributing to satiety

What are the risks of consuming excess protein?

Colon cancer, its hard on the kidneys, calcium loss

Understand the process of protein digestion & absorption.

Denaturation (proteins 3d structure is altered), Digestion in stomach (only if denatured) Digestion in small intestine, Protein is absorbed.

When proteins are used to produce energy in our bodies, what waste product is produced?

Glucose, Edema is produced as wasted muscle tissue

How does athletic training affect protein needs?

Increases exponentially, About 2x ( about 1.7 gm per kg)

Name all of the different protein sources in our food supply. What is unique about animal sources of protein versus plant sources? Are there any exceptions?

Meat poultry fish eggs dairy soy nuts beans seeds whole grains vegetables. Plant proteins are low in one or more of the 9 essential amino acids (incomplete protein) Animal products generally contain all 9

What is protein balance? Under what circumstances is someone in positive, negative, or neutral protein balance?

Protein balance is when somones body needs and uses more or less protein Positive protein balance during Growth pregnancy recovery from injury or for athletes. Equilibrium for healthy adults meeting nutritional requirements Negative for old people

Define "protein turnover". Why is it important in the body?

Protein structures are constantly degraded and synthesized, amino acids are recycled.

What are complementary proteins? What are some examples of complementary proteins?

When 2 incomplete proteins together contain all 9 amino acids. (Grains and legumes, legumes and nuts, nuts and vegetables, vegetables and grains.)

Define "limiting amino acid"

When one amino acid is lacking in the body and causes protein synthesis to stall