Nutrition 2202 Chapters 10 - 13

The body uses ions to help maintain _____ and _____ balance, but also to regulate the _____ of it's fluids.

fluid, electrolyte, ph

Which B vitamin protects against neural tube defects?

folate

What may be the earliest and most obvious physical sign of iodine deficiency?

goiter

Name the fat soluble vitamins?

A, D, E, and K

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

A, D, E, and K

What does the body use to control the movement of water?

Anions and Cations

What is vitamin E's most notable role?

Antioxidant

What is the most abundant mineral in the body?

Calcium

Which mineral may play a role in maintaining healty body weight?

Calcium

Which trace mineral is known to enhance the action of insulin?

Chromium

What is the role of B vitamins in nutrient metabolism?

Coenzymes

Which two (2) vitamins depend on each other for activation?

Folate and Vitamin B12

What is the major function of vitamin D (in the body)?

Hormone, bone growth, and maintenance. promotes calcium and phosphorus absorption

Which organs are targeted to keep vitamin D in the blood stream?

Intestines, Kidneys, and Bones

Why is potassium homeostasis important?

It can't be given intravenously, it can make the heart stop

How does phosphorus participate in energy metabolism?

It is essential for enzymatic reactions involving ATP

Which statement is not a function of calcium?

It is the most abundant mineral in the body, it may play a role in obesity, and is involved in bone and teeth structure

How does anti-diuretic hormone function?

It stimulates water absorption in the body

Which organ in central to the regulation of blood volume and blood pressure?

Kidneys

Which two (2) organs regulate fluid and electrolyte balance?

Kidneys and GI Tract (Intestines)

Whixh water soluble vitamin serves as part of the enzyme COA structure?

Pantothentic acid

What is the principle intracellular cation?

Potassium

Which mineral cannot be given via IV?

Potassium - can cause the heart to stop

What three (3) minerals protect against hypertension?

Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium

What are two (2) functions of beta-carotene?

Precursor of vitamin A and antioxidant

What is the best source of fluoride?

Tap water

Those who consume most of their calories from alcoholic beverages risk what dediciency?

Thiamin deficiency

Excesses of this fat-soluble vitamin can cause birth defects?

Vitamin A

A lack of intrinsic factor can lead to decreased absorption of _____ _____; resulting in _____ _____

Vitamin B12, pernicious anemia

Which vitamin deficiency causes rickets, osteoporosis, and osteomalacia?

Vitamin D

Which fat-soluble vitamin may reduce the risk of heart disease?

Vitamin E

antioxidant

a substance found in foods that neutralize free radicals by donating one electron

Water Soluble Vitamins

absorbed directly into the blood stream, excesses eliminated from kidneys, toxic levels in the body are rarely found

Which hormone responds to low blood pressure, but reabsorbing sodium?

aldosterone

free radicals

an unstable molecule with at least one unpaired electron

What is the role of vitamin C in the body?

antioxidant

What is the primary function of vitamin K?

blood clotting

Fluids maintain the _____ _____ which in turn, influences _____ _____

blood volume, blood pressure

What ranks as the nation's most widespread health problem?

dental caries

What is the first sign of vitamin A deficiency?

night blindness

What is the most notable role of vitamin A?

promotes good vision

Which enzyme responds to low blood pressure?

rennin

What is the principle cation of extracelluar fluid and the primary regulator of volume?

sodium

Name the water soluble vitamins?

the B vitamins and vitamin C

bioavailability

the amount of a nutrient used and absorbed by the body

How does vitamin D differ from other nutrients in the body?

the body can make it from sunlight and a cholesterol precursor

Discuss characteristics of fat-soluble vitamins?

they travel through the lymphatic system, then the blood stream. they require transport proteins, and excesses are stored in the body, cells, adipose tissue

How does the body use ions?

to control the movement of water

How does carnitine function in the body?

transports fatty acids across the cell membrane for oxidation

Fat Soluble Vitamins

travel through lymphatic system, then blood stream and require transport proteins and excessess are stored in the body

Angiotensin

vasoconstrictor (hormone) that raises blood pressure by narrowing the blood vessels

Which B vitamin enhances iron absorption?

vitamin C

Which water soluble vitamin is required in higher amounts for cigarette smokers?

vitamin C

Which hormone responds to low blood volume or low blood pressure?

hypothalamus

How does water affect blood pressure?

increase in water retention increases blood pressure

Which trace mineral is part of the thyroid hormone?

iodine

What is the most significant food source of iodine?

iodized salt (table salt)

What is the most common deficiency disease in the world?

iron deficiency anemia

What is the most serious environmental threat to young children?

lead poisoning