Nutrition 2202 Chapters 10 - 13
The body uses ions to help maintain _____ and _____ balance, but also to regulate the _____ of it's fluids.
fluid, electrolyte, ph
Which B vitamin protects against neural tube defects?
folate
What may be the earliest and most obvious physical sign of iodine deficiency?
goiter
Name the fat soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, and K
What are the fat-soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, and K
What does the body use to control the movement of water?
Anions and Cations
What is vitamin E's most notable role?
Antioxidant
What is the most abundant mineral in the body?
Calcium
Which mineral may play a role in maintaining healty body weight?
Calcium
Which trace mineral is known to enhance the action of insulin?
Chromium
What is the role of B vitamins in nutrient metabolism?
Coenzymes
Which two (2) vitamins depend on each other for activation?
Folate and Vitamin B12
What is the major function of vitamin D (in the body)?
Hormone, bone growth, and maintenance. promotes calcium and phosphorus absorption
Which organs are targeted to keep vitamin D in the blood stream?
Intestines, Kidneys, and Bones
Why is potassium homeostasis important?
It can't be given intravenously, it can make the heart stop
How does phosphorus participate in energy metabolism?
It is essential for enzymatic reactions involving ATP
Which statement is not a function of calcium?
It is the most abundant mineral in the body, it may play a role in obesity, and is involved in bone and teeth structure
How does anti-diuretic hormone function?
It stimulates water absorption in the body
Which organ in central to the regulation of blood volume and blood pressure?
Kidneys
Which two (2) organs regulate fluid and electrolyte balance?
Kidneys and GI Tract (Intestines)
Whixh water soluble vitamin serves as part of the enzyme COA structure?
Pantothentic acid
What is the principle intracellular cation?
Potassium
Which mineral cannot be given via IV?
Potassium - can cause the heart to stop
What three (3) minerals protect against hypertension?
Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium
What are two (2) functions of beta-carotene?
Precursor of vitamin A and antioxidant
What is the best source of fluoride?
Tap water
Those who consume most of their calories from alcoholic beverages risk what dediciency?
Thiamin deficiency
Excesses of this fat-soluble vitamin can cause birth defects?
Vitamin A
A lack of intrinsic factor can lead to decreased absorption of _____ _____; resulting in _____ _____
Vitamin B12, pernicious anemia
Which vitamin deficiency causes rickets, osteoporosis, and osteomalacia?
Vitamin D
Which fat-soluble vitamin may reduce the risk of heart disease?
Vitamin E
antioxidant
a substance found in foods that neutralize free radicals by donating one electron
Water Soluble Vitamins
absorbed directly into the blood stream, excesses eliminated from kidneys, toxic levels in the body are rarely found
Which hormone responds to low blood pressure, but reabsorbing sodium?
aldosterone
free radicals
an unstable molecule with at least one unpaired electron
What is the role of vitamin C in the body?
antioxidant
What is the primary function of vitamin K?
blood clotting
Fluids maintain the _____ _____ which in turn, influences _____ _____
blood volume, blood pressure
What ranks as the nation's most widespread health problem?
dental caries
What is the first sign of vitamin A deficiency?
night blindness
What is the most notable role of vitamin A?
promotes good vision
Which enzyme responds to low blood pressure?
rennin
What is the principle cation of extracelluar fluid and the primary regulator of volume?
sodium
Name the water soluble vitamins?
the B vitamins and vitamin C
bioavailability
the amount of a nutrient used and absorbed by the body
How does vitamin D differ from other nutrients in the body?
the body can make it from sunlight and a cholesterol precursor
Discuss characteristics of fat-soluble vitamins?
they travel through the lymphatic system, then the blood stream. they require transport proteins, and excesses are stored in the body, cells, adipose tissue
How does the body use ions?
to control the movement of water
How does carnitine function in the body?
transports fatty acids across the cell membrane for oxidation
Fat Soluble Vitamins
travel through lymphatic system, then blood stream and require transport proteins and excessess are stored in the body
Angiotensin
vasoconstrictor (hormone) that raises blood pressure by narrowing the blood vessels
Which B vitamin enhances iron absorption?
vitamin C
Which water soluble vitamin is required in higher amounts for cigarette smokers?
vitamin C
Which hormone responds to low blood volume or low blood pressure?
hypothalamus
How does water affect blood pressure?
increase in water retention increases blood pressure
Which trace mineral is part of the thyroid hormone?
iodine
What is the most significant food source of iodine?
iodized salt (table salt)
What is the most common deficiency disease in the world?
iron deficiency anemia
What is the most serious environmental threat to young children?
lead poisoning