Nutrition

chemical digestion

Acid and enzymes break down nutrients into smaller components

are established for nutrients for which there is not enough information to set RDAs.

Adequate Intakes (AI):

4

Carbohydrates provide ______ kcal per gram.

Maltose

Disaccharides are a combination of two monosaccharides. For example, glucose + glucose forms a disaccharide called:

cannot be made by the body and therefore must be consumed to maintain health.

Essential nutrients

In general, fruits usually have more simple sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides) and vegetables (especially starchy vegetables - potatoes, peas, corn, beans) have more starch.

Fruits usually have more starch than vegetables.

Maltose, a disaccharide, is further broken down into two monosaccharides (glucose) by enzymes before it can be absorbed by intestinal cells.

Glucose, maltose, and lactose are absorbed into intestinal cells and then enter the bloodstream.

pharynx

Located at the back of the oral and nasal cavities, also called the throat.

Esophagus

Long tube in the GI Tract which connects the throat and stomach

Eat more nutrient dense foods.

Margaret, an older adult woman, needs to limit her calorie intake without sacrificing needed nutrients. Which of the following should she do?

The stomach is lined with a thick layer of mucus.

Neela has heard that the acidic environment of the stomach is similar to that of a car battery. If the stomach is so acidic, why doesn't the acid eat away at the stomach lining and cause holes in the stomach? Group of answer choices

mechanical digestion

Nutrients are physically broken down through movement.

False

Primary sources analyze, interpret and synthesize others' work.

Absorption

Substances are taken up by the Gi Tract and enter the blood or lymph

True

The bran is the fiber-containing portion of a whole grain.

small intestine

The primary site of nutrient absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is the

Provide Energy, chemical regulation, Provide Lubrication, provide structural components

This is a basic role of nutrients in the body.

1. starch 2. glycogen

What are the storage forms of carbohydrate in 1. plants ? 2. animals?

they cannot be absorbed by the human body

What is true about both soluble and insoluble fiber?

Heart disease

Which of the following is the leading nutrition-related cause of death in the United States?

Balance the calories you eat with physical activity.

Which of the following statements is consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

appetite

Which of the following terms describes psychological influences that encourage us to find and eat food?

Choose a number of different foods within any given food group rather than the same old thing.

Which statement best describes the principle of variety?

desirable nutrition

Which term describes the nutritional state that results from a dietary pattern that is adequate to meet needs?

Chyme

a mixture of stomach secretions and partially digested food

Bolus

a moistened mass of food swallowed from the oral cavity into the pharynx

passive diffusion

free movement of nutrients across the absorptive cell membrane it requires no energy and no carrier.

active absorption

involves a carrier protein and uses energy, moves nutrients against a concentration gradient into absorptive cells

Peristalsis

muscular contractions that push food through the gastrointestinal tract

liver

produces bile

Gallbladder

stores bile

facilitated diffusion

uses a carrier protein to move nutrients down a concentration gradient into the absorptive cell

saliva

watery fluid that contains lubricants, enzymes, and other substances