Nutrition
chemical digestion
Acid and enzymes break down nutrients into smaller components
are established for nutrients for which there is not enough information to set RDAs.
Adequate Intakes (AI):
4
Carbohydrates provide ______ kcal per gram.
Maltose
Disaccharides are a combination of two monosaccharides. For example, glucose + glucose forms a disaccharide called:
cannot be made by the body and therefore must be consumed to maintain health.
Essential nutrients
In general, fruits usually have more simple sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides) and vegetables (especially starchy vegetables - potatoes, peas, corn, beans) have more starch.
Fruits usually have more starch than vegetables.
Maltose, a disaccharide, is further broken down into two monosaccharides (glucose) by enzymes before it can be absorbed by intestinal cells.
Glucose, maltose, and lactose are absorbed into intestinal cells and then enter the bloodstream.
pharynx
Located at the back of the oral and nasal cavities, also called the throat.
Esophagus
Long tube in the GI Tract which connects the throat and stomach
Eat more nutrient dense foods.
Margaret, an older adult woman, needs to limit her calorie intake without sacrificing needed nutrients. Which of the following should she do?
The stomach is lined with a thick layer of mucus.
Neela has heard that the acidic environment of the stomach is similar to that of a car battery. If the stomach is so acidic, why doesn't the acid eat away at the stomach lining and cause holes in the stomach? Group of answer choices
mechanical digestion
Nutrients are physically broken down through movement.
False
Primary sources analyze, interpret and synthesize others' work.
Absorption
Substances are taken up by the Gi Tract and enter the blood or lymph
True
The bran is the fiber-containing portion of a whole grain.
small intestine
The primary site of nutrient absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is the
Provide Energy, chemical regulation, Provide Lubrication, provide structural components
This is a basic role of nutrients in the body.
1. starch 2. glycogen
What are the storage forms of carbohydrate in 1. plants ? 2. animals?
they cannot be absorbed by the human body
What is true about both soluble and insoluble fiber?
Heart disease
Which of the following is the leading nutrition-related cause of death in the United States?
Balance the calories you eat with physical activity.
Which of the following statements is consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
appetite
Which of the following terms describes psychological influences that encourage us to find and eat food?
Choose a number of different foods within any given food group rather than the same old thing.
Which statement best describes the principle of variety?
desirable nutrition
Which term describes the nutritional state that results from a dietary pattern that is adequate to meet needs?
Chyme
a mixture of stomach secretions and partially digested food
Bolus
a moistened mass of food swallowed from the oral cavity into the pharynx
passive diffusion
free movement of nutrients across the absorptive cell membrane it requires no energy and no carrier.
active absorption
involves a carrier protein and uses energy, moves nutrients against a concentration gradient into absorptive cells
Peristalsis
muscular contractions that push food through the gastrointestinal tract
liver
produces bile
Gallbladder
stores bile
facilitated diffusion
uses a carrier protein to move nutrients down a concentration gradient into the absorptive cell
saliva
watery fluid that contains lubricants, enzymes, and other substances