nutrition

Consumers can use information about _____ provided on food labels to compare nutrient contents of packaged foods and make more healthful choices.

%DVs

On average, Victor consumes about 3000 kcal per day. According to AMDR guidelines, what percentage of his total energy intake should be supplied by protein?

10(--)35%

One kilocalorie is equivalent to

1000 calories

The nutrition label on a bag of snack chips indicates that one serving supplies 14g of carbohydates, 5g of fat and 1 g of protein. How many kilocalories do the snack chips provide per serving

105

After her college graduation party, Jade's BAC was 0.16% This level is _______times the legal limit.

2

Eating 4 ounces of processed American cheese is equivalent to consuming _____ of milk.

2 cups

Twenty-year old Meghan consumes approximately 1800 kilocalories per day. According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines. Meghan should consume less than _______ g of saturated fats per day.

20

One egg yolk contains approximately _____ mg of cholesterol.

200

Markous's usual diet provides 2400 kcal daily. To obtain 55% of his energy intake from carbohydrates should he consume per day?

330g

Which of the following contains the most protein per serving?

4 ounces cooked chicken breast

Women of childbearing age should consume _____ daily from fortified foods or supplements.

400

What is the RDA for protein of a healthy adult woman who weights 62 kg?

49.6 g

Jane weighs 140 pounds. What is her weight in kilograms?

64

Lena weighs 60 kg. What is her weight in pounds?

75 pounds

A recipe calls for one cup of vegetable oil. One cup is equivalent to

8 fluid ounces

Which of the following statements is true?

A person can use MyPlate to evaluate his or her diet's nutritional adequacy

Which of the following websites is most likely to provide biased and unreliable nutrition information?

A site that promotes or sells dietary supplements (.com)

Which of the following statements is false?

All nutritionist are registered dietiscians

Which of the following statements is true?

An 8-ounce serving of 100% orange juice and an 8-ounce serving of a cola-type soft drink sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup supply about the same amount of sugar.

Antonia is a vegan who doesn't use vitamin supplements or eat processed foods. Based on this information, which of the following vitamins is most likely to be deficient in her diet?

B-12

Lack of vitamin ________ causes scurvy

C

Which of the following statements is true?

Certain fish are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids

In cells, __________ controls the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

DNA

_________ is the hereditary material in cells.

DNA

Which of the following actions has been proposed to help solve environmental problems created by conventional agricultural methods?

Developing ways to use irrigation systems more effectively

The _________is the federal agency that tries to ensure the safety and effectiveness of health-related products.

FDA

Which of the following statements is false?

Fatty fish are poor sources of omega-3 fatty acids.

The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

Tabatha consumes more carbohydrates than she needs. Her body's stores of glycogen are full. According to this information, what will happen to the excess carbohydrates in her body?

Her body can convert the excess carbohydrate to fat and store it in the body

Which of the following statements is false?

In the United States, undernutritiion is more common than over nutrition.

Chemical digestion begins in the

In the mouth with salivary glands

Which of the following journals does not have a peer-reviewed articles?

Men's Journal

Which of the following statements is false?

Patients with pernicious anemia are treated with high doses of folic acid.

Diets that lack niacin can lead to

Pellagra

Which of the following statements is false?

Proteins are part of triglycerides

The amount of a nutrient that should meet the needs of almost all healthy people in a particular group is the

RDA-Recommended Dietary Allowance

Which of the following statements is true?

RDAs contain a margin of safety

Children who lack Vitamin D can develop

Rickets

Which of the following statements is true?

Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach

The __________ Program enables eligible participants to use a special debit card to purchase food at authorized stores

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance

Which of the following statements is true?

The Dietary Supplement and Health education Act of 1994 allows manufacturers to classify certain herbal products and nutrient supplements as foods.

Which of the following states about vitamin D is true?

The body can form vitamin D as a result of exposing skin to sunlight

Which vitamin is essential for night vision

Vitamin A

trans fatty acids area

a by-product of the hydrogenation process

What is the smallest functional structural unit in the body?

a cell

Which of the following statements is false

a megadose is generally less than a physiological dose of a nutrient

A testimonial is

a personal endorsement of a product

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans is

a set of general nutrition-related recommendations

Which of the following describing alcohol is false?

absorption is delayed when food is in the stomach

A salt forms when an ______ combines with a ______.

acid/ base

Fats in foods

add taste and contribute to "mouth feel"

Undernutrition can result from

all of these choices are correct--disease overpopulation lack of a sanitary water supply

Which of the following conditions is associated with undernutrion during pregnancy

all the above premature birth low-birth weight infants born with breathing problems

The vitamin content of a vegetable can be affected by

all the above soil composition the vegetable's maturity when harvested sunlight exposure

An _______ is a personal report or experience, such as how taking megadoses of vitamin C influenced one's health.

anedote

vitamins

are organic molecules

phospholipids

are partially water-soluble

Which of the following statements is true?

arteries carry blood away from the heart

A person who has phyenylketornuria (PKU) should avoid the artificial sweetener

aspartame

A diet is likely to be safe and nutritionally adequate if

average daily intakes for nutrients meet RDA and AI values

People with celiac disease should

avoid foods that contain gluten

Which of the following foods is not a rich source of provitamin A

beef

According to MyPlate, which type of protein should be a limited part of the diet?

beef sausage

Badih is a devout follower of Islam. Therefore, he will not consume

beer

Ben ate a spinach salad for lunch. He knows that his intestinal tract will not absorb all the nutrients in the spinach. Which of the following terms describes the extent to which the body is able to absorb the nutrients from spinach and use them.

bioavailability

Which of the following tips is a recommended way to reduce food costs

buying food in bulk, if it can be used before spoiling

Soybeans

can undergo processing for use in many food products

Generally, epidemiological studies

cannot determine cause and effect relationships

Which of the following has the highest percentage of healthy monounsaturated fatty acids?

canola oil

A researcher has 200 participants who have high blood pressure and 200 participants who have similar characteristics but their blood pressure is normal. She collects dietary intake information for all study participants and evaluates the levels of fish consumption to determine if eating fish regularly has an effect on blood pressure. This is an example of a _________________________________ study.

case-control

Comparing individuals with type 2 diabetes to individuals who have very similar characteristics but are healthy would be an example of a

case-control study

A person suffering from ________ must consume a gluten-free diet

celiac disease

According to the MyPlate plan, which of the following foods is grouped with dairy products

cheese

Which of the following foods is a good source of protein and contains a lot of saturated fat

cheese

Which of the following statements is false

cholesterol is in plant and animal foods

A __________ transports lipids in the bloodstream.

chylomicron

In the body B vitamins play necessary roles as components of

coenzymes

The label on a bag of snack chips indicates the chips are "low-fat" This means the chips

contain less than three grams of fat per serving

Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index?

cornflakes cereal

Which of the following statements is true?

crohin's disease causes inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract.

___________ is a process of removing nitrogen from an amino acid.

deamination

Jake a healthy 20-year old college student who wants to increase his muscle mass. He recently started drinking high-protein shakes eight times a day. Each shake supplies 50g of protein in the form of amino acids. His excess protein intake could contribute to

dehydration

Which of the following characteristics is not a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

diet soft drink consumption

Daily values are

dietary standards developed for food-labeling purposes

A/an _____ study is one in which neither the participants nor the researchers are aware of who is receiving the placebo or the experimental treatment.

double-blind

Which of the following activities is an alternative health care practice?

drinking green tea to lose weight

The first section of the small intestine is the

duodenum

Which of the following practices may reduce your risk of cancer?

eating fruits and vegetables

which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol

egg yolk

__________ are small negatively charged particles

electrons

A researcher wants to determine if colon cancer is more prevalent in Japanese males or American males. To make this determination he will conduct a/an __________ study.

epidemiological

An aspect of ______ involves studying causes of health problems in a population.

epidemiology

A researcher is conducting a study where she has all participants consume 8 ounces of yogurt per day for 3 months Some of the yogurt has added live bacteria and some does not. The researcher wants to evaluate if the added live bacteria has a benefit in preventing diarrhea. The group of subjects receiving the yogurt with added live bacteria is called the _________ group.

experimental

A prospective study is one that identifies a group of people who already suffer from a disease and compares their dietary intakes to a group of people with similar characteristics who do not have disease.

false

A pure beef hamburger patty is 100% protein.

false

According to most dietary guides, eggs are classified as dairy products

false

An "in vitro" experiment is one that is conducted on whole living organisms such as rats

false

An organic apple is more nutrient-dense than a conventionally grown apple.

false

Athletes can build more muscle tissue simply by consuming diets that supply at least 400 g on protein/day

false

Dan's waist circumference is 38 inches, therefore, he has a higher risk of metabolic syndrome than his girlfriend Betty, who also has a waist circumference of 38 inches.

false

Each food can be classified as a "good" or "bad" food.

false

In general, nutritiion info that appears on internet web sites has been through a peer review process

false

Regardless of their source, dietary fats, especially unsaturated fats should be avoided

false

Scientists frequently publish their research results on personal Internet sites such as "blogs."

false

The RDA for a particular vitamin is based on the minimum amount needed to consume to prevent the vitamin's deficiency disorder

false

The best way to retain the water-soluble vitamins in fresh vegetables is to cut the produce into small pieces and cook them in plenty of water

false

The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the stomach to the small intestine.

false

maltose is the disaccharide in milk

false

Which of the following substances is insoluble in water?

fat

A serving of food supplies 12 g carbohydrate, 5 g protein, 7 g fat, and 50 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food?

fat provides almost 50% of total calories

When planning a menu for a day that includes packaged foods, your goal is to obtain at least 100% of the Daily Value for

fiber

To reduce the likelihood of giving birth to babies with neural tube defects, women of childbearing age should obtain adequate

folate

women of childbearing age can reduce their risk of having babies with neural tube defects by consuming adequate amounts of

folate

Which of the following vitamins is added to grains as part of the enrichment process?

folic acid

cholesterol is

found only in animal foods

Which of the following foods generally provide the least amount of protein per serving?

fruits

What are the five food groups associated with MYPlate

fruits, vegetables, protein, grains, and dairy

Which of the following substances has the lowest pH?

gastric juice

Rebiana

gives sweetness to the Stevia shrub.

It has been several hours since Adrienne has had anything to eat. In response to the lack of food, her pancreas secretes _________ to increase her blood glucose levels

glucagon

_________ is primary fuel for muscles and other cells.

glucose

In the human body, certain cells can store excess carbohydrate as

glycogen

Which of the following substances is a polysaccharide

glycogen

which of the following foods would be classified as a source of empty calories by MyPlate?

grape jelly

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C?

green pepper

Over the past fifty years, Americans' consumption of milk

has decreased substantially

The exchange system

has exchange lists based on macronutrient contents

Which of the following conditions is the leading cause of death for adults in the united states that is associated with poor diet

heart disease

Peristalsis

helps move food/chyme through the digestive tract.

Which of the following signs is associated with metabolic syndrom?

high fasting blood glucose

In the human body vitamin D acts as a

hormone

chemical messengers in the body are

hormones

The stomach secretes

hydrochloric acid

Which of the following conditions is a common sign or symptom of untreated type I diabetes?

hyperglycemia

Which of the following statements about hydrochloric acid (HCl) activity in the gastrointestinal system is not true?

in the small intestine, HCl begins the partial digestion of fats

_________ is the hormone that helps glucose to enter cells

insulin

Vitamin K can be produced by

intestinal bacteria

When consumed with food vitamin C enhances the absorbtion

iron

The estimated energy requirement (EER)

is based on the average daily energy needs of a healthy person

insoluble fiber

is in whole grain products, including brown rice

Dietary fiber

is not digested by the human intestinal tract

The cholesterol carried by low-density lipoproteins (LDL cholesterol)?

is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol

Which of the following statements does not describe a plumpy nut

it is considered the "best weapon" to fight severe childhood malnutrition.

Which of the following conditions is not one of the top leading causes of death in the United States?

kidney disease

Which of the following substances is an intestinal enzyme that breaks down lactose

lactase

Alcohol metabolism is not influenced by a person's

level of caffeine consumption

A ________amino acid is an essential amino acid that is in relatively low amounts in a food

limiting

Which of the following substances is an essential fatty acid

linoleic acid

The _________ is the primary site of nonessential amino acid sysnthesis

liver

Which of the following actions may reduce your risk of CVD?

losing excess fat

A lacteal is a

lymph vessel within each villus

The first step in the scientific method is usually

making observations

Which of the following substances is a disaccharide

maltose

Which of the following foods is a source of complementary protein?

mashed chickpeas spread on pita bread

Megadoses of vitamins

may be toxic

phytochmicals

may have healthful benefits

Major food sources of vitamin B-12 include

meat and milk products

which of the following substances would be classified as a dietary supplement according to the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994?

melatonin

_____ refers to all chemical processes that occur in the human body

metabolism

Which of the following foods is a good dietary source of retinol (preformed Vitamin A

milk

__________ are the elements (such as calcium, iron, and potassium) that are in the earth's crust.

minerals

Which of the following standards is not a type of Dietary Reference intake?

minimum dietary need

two or more atoms that are held together by chemical bonds form a

molecule

Sarah is undergoing treatment for breast cancer. She is weak, has a poor appetite, and has been losing weight. According to this information, Sarah is most likely in a state of

negative nitrogen balance

Nictonic acid a form a _____ may be prescribed to lower a person's LDL cholesterol level

niacin

A saturated fatty acid has

no double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain

Type 2 diabetes

often associated with excess body weight

Which of the following enzymes breaks down starch in the small intestine?

pancreatic amylase

Which of the following foods is not a source of complete protein?

peanut butter

which of the following foods is energy and nutrient dense?

peanut butter

Which of the following information is not provided by the Nutrition Facts panel?

percentage of calories from alcohol

Which of the following statements about diabetes mellitus is true?

persons with diabetes mellitus have ahigher risk of heart disease and kidney failure than people who do not have the disease

A fake treatment

placebo

A _________ fatty acid has two or more double bonds between carbons in the carbon chain.

polyunsaturated

homocysteine is

possible marker for cardiovascular disease.

Sophia was diagnosed with PKU when she was 3 days old. Which of the following foods can she eat to meet her protein needs?

potatoes

Fruit is generally a good source of all of the following substances, except

protein

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that is essential for normal muscle growth and rebuilding?

protein

The nutrients that provide energy are

proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

Daily values

provide nutrition information on food labels

A protein

provides the same amount of energy per gram as a carbohydrate

Which of the following physical states is characterized by positive nitrogen balance?

puberty

A health claim that is allowed on food packages can not

quantify any degree of disease risk reduction

Which of the following foods is a source of high-quality protein that a vegan would eat?

quinoa

Which of the following foods is a source of phytochemicals

raspberries

Which of the following values tells you how much Vitamin C a 20-year old female should consume per day

recommended dietary allowance

A team of scientists conducts a survey of 1000 people who are between 60 and 75 years of age to determine whether their past consumption of seafood may have influenced their current state of health. This study is an example of

retrospective study

solid fats generally have a high proportion of _______ fatty acids.

saturated

Butter is a rich source of

saturated fatty acids

People who follow jewish dietary rules will not consume

shellfish

The _____________ is the major site of nutrient absorption in the gastrointestinal tract

small intestine

The primary site of triglycerides digestion and absorption is the

small intestine

Which of the following practices does not contribute to obesity

smoking cigarettes

Which of the following practices increases the risk of peptic ulcer

smoking cigarettes

Which of the following substances are electrolytes

sodium and potassium

according to MyPlate, added sugars are groups with which food group

solid fats

According to a lemonade recipe that makes one serving the fluid ounce of lemon juice is added to 8 fluid ounces of water and two tablespoons of sugar. The water used to make the lemonade is the

solvent

Which of the following does not have to be included on the label of the dietary supplement you are taking

statement indicating what the supplement is designed to treat

An antioxidant is a (an)

substance that protects cell components from being damaged or destroyed

Which of the following artificial sweeteners its actually made from sugar

sucralose

__________ are a primary source of added sugars in American diets

sugar sweetened soft drinks

The _______ group is not a chemical component of all amino acids

sulfur

Nutritional standards, such as the RDAs, are not

the basis for developing AIs

Enriched grain products have specific amounts of ______ added during processing.

thiamin

Brian was a binge drinker during the first three months of her pregnancy. Her baby was born with FAS. Which of the following conditions is a sign of FAS?

thin upper lip

A ___________ is a group of similar cells that perform similar functions

tissue

In the united states, the primary cause of preventable cancer deaths is

tobacco use

Modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis

tobacco use

Which of the following organs is an accessory organ of the digestive system?

tongue

Which of the following conditions is clearly associated with eating certain dietary carbohydrates, especially sticky sugars

tooth decay

lipoproteins

transport lipids in the bloodstream

A health claim describes the relationship between a food, food ingredient, dietary supplement and reduced risk of a nutrition-related condition

true

A placebo is a fake treatment, such as providing a pill containing no active substances, to subjects participating in a study

true

After undergoing processing the quality of the soy protein is comparable to animal proteins

true

Animal sources of fat, such as beef, butter, and cheeses, are high in saturated fatty acids

true

Before scientists begin their research, they develop a hypothesis to guide their study.

true

Children under the age of 12 months should not be fed honey because of the risk of infantile botulism

true

Fruits, honey, and certain vegetables are natural sources of fructose.

true

High intakes of fruits and vegetables can reduce risk of cancer.

true

In general, fat-soluble vitamins are more toxic than water-soluble vitamins.

true

Nutrition is an evolving science, therefore, new dietary advice can be expected regularly.

true

Tomatoes are an example of an acidic food.

true

Which of the following conditions primarily affects the large intestine

ulcerative colitis

Diet is a

usual pattern of eating choices

A _______ is a factor such as a person's age, weight, or environment that can change and influence results of a study

variable

The dietary concept that a person should eat many types of nutritious foods and should not eat the same foods very day is called

variety

Tiny, fingerlike projections of the small intestines that absorb nutrients are called

villi

__________ are tiny fingerlike structures that project from the lining of the small intestine. These structures maximize nutrient absorption.

villi

Druing pregnancy, excess __________intake is known to be teragenic.

vitamin A

people who are unable to absorb fat are likely to develop a _________ deficiency.

vitamin A

If the body lacks _____, the level of homocysteine in blood may increase and contribute to cardiovascular disease.

vitamin B-6

__________ is an example of moderate intensity physical activity

walking while carrying gold clubs

A sign of marasmus is

wasting

Which of the following decreases risk for heartburn?

wearing loose fitting clothes

Which of the following foods is the best source of soluble fiber?

whole-grain oat cereal

When taking antibiotics to help fight an infection, you may want to include __________ in your diet to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in your intestinal tract

yogurt with live cultures