Nutrition CH 1
Which of the following is a good example of lipids?
cholesterol
Nutrition-focused physical exams are a type of which nutritional assessment?
clinical
During which type of assessment do health care providers search for any physical evidence of diet-related diseases?
clinical assessment
The carbohydrate that forms the structure of plants is a ______.
complex carbohydrate
A(n) ______ consists of atoms of two or more elements bonded together in specific proportions.
compound
Identify the causes of death that relate to a person's diet.
-kidney disease -stroke
One of the main functions of vitamins is to help release the energy trapped in ______.
-lipids -carbohydrates
Trace minerals are needed in amounts of less than ___ daily.
100 miligrams
A(n) ________ food provides health benefits beyond those supplied by the traditional nutrients it contains.
functional
What energy-providing substance is not considered a nutrient?
alchohol
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and water are all considered ________.
macronutrients
Sodium, potassium, chloride, and phosphorus are all examples of which type of mineral group?
major minerals
_______, such as minerals, are needed by the body in very small amounts.
micronutrients
What is a key distinction between major and trace minerals?
Major minerals are needed in larger amounts.
Put the steps of the Nutrition Care Process in order.
-Conduct a Nutrition assessment -Diagnose nutrition-related problems. -Create an intervention. -Monitor and evaluate progress.
What are some qualities that functional food possesses? -Functional food is rich in protein and saturated fats. -Functional food provides added health benefits. -Functional food helps to promote optimal health. -Functional food may reduce the risk of disease.
-Functional food provides added health benefits. -Functional food helps to promote optimal health. -Functional food may reduce the risk of disease.
In order to be considered an essential nutrient, a substance must have which of the following qualities?
-It should have a specific biological function. -It should play a role in the body's regular functioning.
What are some examples of complex carbohydrates?
-fiber -glycogen -starch
Nutrition-focused physical exams ______. -search for evidence of nutrient deficiencies -search for evidence of a desirable nutritional status -involve examining a person's physical appearance -search for evidence of nutrient toxicities
-search for evidence of nutrient deficiencies -involve examining a person's physical appearance -search for evidence of nutrient toxicities
Identify the two main types of carbohydrates
-simple -complex
Which of these are considered to be major minerals? -sodium -calcium -iron -potassium -zinc
-sodium -calcium -potassium
What is the term for the second step in the scientific process?
Hypothesis
What is the major source of energy for most cells?
glucose
Human DNA directs ______.
how the body uses nutrients
____ chemical compounds exist as molecules.
not all
Which of the following statements are true regarding triglycerides?
-They are the major form of energy stored in the body. -They are a key energy source for the body.
Proteins are used in the body ______.
-as a component of blood, cell membranes, and immune factors -as a structural building material -to build bone and muscle
What is involved in the Nutrition Care Process? -research -evaluation -diagnosis -intervention -nutrition assessment
-assessment -diagnosis -intervention -evaluation
Essential nutrients are substances that the body _____ or _____.
-cannot make -makes in quantities too small to support health
Identify which of the following are examples of macronutrients.
-carbohydrates -lipids -protein
The 3 general categories of nutritional status are ______.
-desirable nutrition -overnutrition -undernutrition
Which factors (not background factors) are part of a nutritional assessment? -dietary assessment -medical history assessment -biochemical assessment -anthropometric assessment
-dietary assessment -biochemical assessment -anthropometric assessment
An environmental assessment provides information on the person's ______. -economic background -genetic background -medical background -education background
-economic background -education background
A desirable nutritional status for a particular nutrient is the state in which the body tissues have ______. -not enough of the nutrient, so normal function is not supported -enough of the nutrient to build surplus stores -enough of the nutrient to support normal function -not enough of the nutrient, so surplus stores are not maintained
-enough of the nutrient to build surplus stores -enough of the nutrient to support normal function
Which of the following are examples of water-soluble vitamins?
-folate -thiamin -vitamin B-12
An anthropometric assessment involves measuring various aspects of the body, including ______. -enzyme activities -height -weight -blood cell number
-height -weight
Saturated fats can ______.
-increase your risk of cardiovascular disease -raise blood cholesterol
What are the steps of the Nutrition Care Process? -intervention -research -diagnose -assessment -hypothesize -monitor and evaluate
-intervention -diagnose -assessment -monitor and evaluate
Identify factors that affect almost every medical condition. -weather -lifestyle -genetic endowment -diet
-lifestyle -genetic endowment -diet
Dietitians and other health care providers use which of the following to determine which clinical methods are likely to help patients the most? -laboratory animal experiments -meta-analyses -hypotheses -systematic reviews
-meta-analyses -systematic reviews
Which compounds are not considered to be essential nutrients? -vitamins -phytochemicals -minerals -zoochemicals
-phytochemicals -zoochemicals
According to the American Medical Association, what qualities define nutrition?
-process by which humans utilize food substances -science of food -nutrients and substances found in food
Nutrition-focused physical exams ______. -search for evidence of nutrient deficiencies -search for evidence of a desirable nutritional status -search for evidence of nutrient toxicities -involve examining a person's physical appearance
-search for evidence of nutrient deficiencies -search for evidence of nutrient toxicities -involve examining a person's physical appearance
During a clinical assessment, health care providers search for ______. -changes in blood chemistry -skin conditions -high blood pressure -diet changes
-skin conditions -high blood pressure
Glucose, a major source of energy in most cells, comes from ______.
-starch -simple carbohydrates
Identify examples of simple carbohydrates.
-table sugar -blood sugar
When undernutrition occurs ______.
-the body's metabolic processes slow down -surplus nutrient stores are used
Nutrients can be assigned to which of the following three functional categories?
-those that keep the body functions running smoothly -those that primarily provide energy -those that are important for growth and development
A dietary assessment examines ______. -typical food intake -the types of foods eaten over a period of time -how often a person gets nausea after eating -how often a person eats certain foods
-typical food intake -the types of foods eaten over a period of time -how often a person eats certain foods
Biochemical assessments include the measurement of ______. -urine and fecal nutrient concentrations -skinfold thickness or body fat -height and weight -blood nutrient concentrations
-urine and fecal nutrient concentrations -blood nutrient concentrations
Which of the following are examples of fat-soluble vitamins? -vitamin D -biotin -vitamin B-6 -vitamin A
-vitamin D -vitamin A
Select the six classes of nutrients.
-vitamins -carbohydrates -minerals -lipids -water -protein
Identify which of the following nutrients are considered to be micronutrients.
-vitamins -minerals
Micronutrients include ______.
-vitamins -minerals
Currently, there are about _______ tests that can determine if a person has a genetic mutation that would increase their risk for certain illnesses.
1000
Alcohol is a source of energy that provides ______ calories per gram.
7
Fat soluble vitamins include vitamins ______.
A, D, E, K
Diseases of the heart, cancer, and diabetes are causes of death that are greatly impacted by which quality?
Diet
The _________ Act of 1994 classified vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and herbal remedies as "foods," effectively restraining the U.S. FDA from regulating them as rigorously as food additives and drugs.
Dietary Supplement Health and Education (DSHE)
Which statement about minerals is true? -Minerals yield energy, but they aren't required by the body for normal functioning. -Minerals yield energy that plays a key role in normal body functions. -Minerals are required for normal body function. -Minerals yield no energy, so they are not required for normal body function
Minerals are required for normal body function.
What are the substances that are essential for health that the body cannot make or that it makes in quantities too small to support health?
Nutrients
________ is defined as the "science of food." It studies the nutrients and substances of food, the process by which the body receives nutrients, and the connections to a person's health.
Nutrition
A systematic approach to care used by registered dietitians. The process involves nutrition assessment, diagnosis, intervention, monitoring, and evaluation.
Nutrition Care Process
What was the main result of the DSHE Act of 1994?
The FDA has to prove a supplement is unsafe before it is banned.
A zoochemical is a physiologically active compound found in foods of ______ origin that may provide health benefits.
animal
The use of animal experiments to study the role of nutrition in human diseases depends on the availability of an _____ _____ -- a disease in laboratory animals that closely mimics a human disease.
animal model
What type of assessment involves measuring various aspects of the body, is easy to obtain, and is generally reliable?
anthropometric assessment
What type of nutritional assessment involves the measurement of specific blood enzyme activities?
biochemical
A ______ is technically the amount of heat energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.
calorie
The main types of ______ are simple and complex.
carbohydrates
In an example of a _____ -control study, scientists compare individuals who have lung cancer to other individuals who are not afflicted with lung cancer.
case
Starch is a ____ carbohydrate.
complex
Which type of assessment examines one's food frequency and food history?
dietary assessment
Which of these is the best thing a person can do to improve their nutrient intake?
eating whole-grain bread
Which type of assessment can identify people based on background data?
environmental assessment
In order for a substance to be considered ________, it must have a specific biological function and its absence or presence must have a direct impact on the function of the human body.
essential
Identify the complex carbohydrate that forms the structure of plant cell walls.
fiber
A subclinical deficiency occurs ______.
in the early stages of a nutrient deficiency
Fiber is a _____ carbohydrate.
indigestible
One ________ is the amount of heat energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1000g (1 liter) of water 1 degree C.
kilocalorie
A macronutrient needs to be consumed in ______ amounts.
large
Carbohydrates, protein, lipids, minerals, vitamins, and water are the six classes of essential ________ found in food.
nutrients
________ can regulate body processes and may be important for body maintenance.
nutrients
What are the physiologically active compounds found in plants that may provide health benefits called?
phytochemicals
Appetite is based on ________ influences that encourage us to find and eat food, often in the absence of obvious hunger.
psychological
Which of the following is considered a trace mineral? -chloride -selenium -phosphorus -sodium
selenium
Glucose and sucrose are examples of______.
simple carbohydrates
A micronutrient, like a vitamin, is needed in ______ amounts.
small
Identify the carbohydrate that is the storage form of carbohydrate in foods.
starch
A ________ nutrient deficiency has no overt signs or symptoms that can be detected.
subclinical
Lipids are categorized as saturated or unsaturated based on ______.
the chemical structure of their major fatty acids
What is the main function of vitamins?
to enable many chemical reactions
Iron, zinc, and copper are all examples of which type of mineral group?
trace minerals
_______ are processed fats found in deep-fried and baked snack foods. Large amounts of these fats pose health risks so intake should be minimized.
transfats
This lipid is the major form of fat in foods.
triglyceride
Which nutrient acts as a solvent and lubricant?
water
