Nutrition Ch 1-2

If you consumed a total of 1800 kcals (Calories) per day and 60% came from carbohydrates, how many KCALS of carbohydrate are you consuming?

1080 kcals

A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 100 ml water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _____ kcal.

117

how many kilocalories are provided from a food containing 4 grams of protein

16

What amendment to the US guarantees freedom of the press and speech, so people can provide false nutrition information

1st

1 g of protein

4 kcal

1g of carbohydrates

4 kcal

Carbohydrates provide how many kcal per gram

4 kcal

what is the energy content of a male that is composed of 12 grams of protein, 40 g of carbohydrate, 20 g of fat, and 10 g of alcohol

458 kcals (12x4= 48, 40x4=169, 20x9=180, 10x7=70, add totals)

approximately how many grams of carbohydrates are in sugar0sweetened beverage that supplies 200 kcals in contains no fiber, fat, protein, or alcohol

50

suppose you eat nachos and cheese at a party. If the nachos have 340 kcals and 20 grams of fat what percentage of the total kcals are coming from fat

53% (20g x 9 = 180 calories from fat, 180/340 x 100)

1g of alcohol

7 kcal

1g of fat

9kcal

lipids contain how many kcal per gram

9kcal

Dietary supplement

A product that contains a vitamin mineral or herb or other plant product supplement

biological and psychological factors

age, taste/smell, sensations for hunger and thirst

Dietary supplement and health, education act of 1994

allows manufactures to classify, nutrients employment and herbal products it as food instead of a substance

When a friend tells you she is taking a vitamin B complex supplement and she feels more energetic as a result, she is sharing an ____________, or a report of a personal experience.

anecdote

a(n)___ is a report of personal experiences

anecdote

dietary supplements are intended to

be taken in addition to the diet

which of the following foods, naturally a rich source of phytochemicals

blueberries

epidemiological studies ____ establish cause and effect

cannot

What are the six classes of nutrients?

carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water

What are macronutrients?

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

observational epidemiology studies cannot establish

causation

deficiency disease

certain abnormal physiological changes that occur in the body lacks nutrient

In which circumstances increase a persons chance of undernutrition in the US

chronic alcoholism, anorexia nervosa, living in poverty

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals and water are all

classes of nutrients

observational epidemiology research includes

cohort studies

Epidemiological

cohort, can never be used to determine causation

The participants in an experiment who are not given the treatment being tested are known as the _____ group

control

a group of people that serve as subject in an experiment but do not receive a treatment is called a(n) ____ group

control

experimental epidemiological studies utilize

control group and treatment group

a ______ is a relationship between two variable

correlation

a limitation of observational studies is that nutrition scientists can only look for a _____ between variables and health outcomes

correlation

it is easier to ____

disprove a hypothesis as being untrue than to verify one as true

Experimental study

divided into control group, placebo, can be used to test causation

when taken in high amounts, many vitamins behave like

drugs

the amount of energy (kcal) a food provides per given weight (grams) of the food is called

energy dense

a study of dietary and disease patterns among various populations is known as

epidemiology

a(n) ______ is a systematic way of testing a hypothesis

experiment

Nutrition scientist conduct ______ epidemiological studies to obtain information about health conditions that may result from specific dietary practices

experimental

A person in a scientific experiment who receives a non-placebo drug is a member of the _____ group.

experimental or treatment group

a variable is a

factor that can change and influence an outcome of a study

there are only a few factors that influence a persons eating practices

false

Basic human need for survival

food

top two killers

heart disease and cancer

when scientists suggest possible explanations for a natural phenomenon, these are called

hypothesis

a unit that describes the energy content of a food as the best energy needed to raise 1000 grams (1 liter) of water by 1 degree Celsius is called a

kilocalorie

Nutrients

life staining substances found in food and building blocks for our food

chronic disease

long term conditions that usually takes many years develop and have Complex causes

what is a nutrient needed in milligram or microgram quantities in the diet

micronutrient

which of the following are most likely to be taken as a dietary supplement

mineral, herb, amino acid, vitamin

Nutrient, dense, food supplies

more vitamins and minerals in relation to calories (broccoli)

does the FDA regulate dietary supplements as strictly as prescription medications?

no

what food supplies more vitamins and minerals in relation to total calories

nutrient dense

Macro nutrients

nutrients that the body needs in large amounts (carbohydrates, fats and proteins)

Micro nutrients

nutrients the body needs in very small amounts that don't provide energy (vitamins, minerals and water)

order of scientific method

observe/question, hypothesis, research, experiment, analyze data, share results, continue

a retrospective study examines the _____ whereas a prospective study examines the ____

past, future

Consumers need to be skeptical of nutrition and health related claims because

promoters of worthlessness nutrition products are good marketers, Nutrition misinformation can be spread through a variety of sources, the FDA cannot prevent the spread of misinfoormation published.

cohort studies can be retrospective or

prospective

what is the term used to describe a study that looks forward in time

prospective

which of the following provide energy for the body

proteins, fats, carbohydrates and alcohol

choose the type of research that involves the random assignment of human subjects to two or more groups, and a well-controlled intervention

randomized controlled trials

what type of experiment is considered the gold standard in research

randomized controlled trials (RCTs)

a member of a treatment group

receives a medication or exercise that is being evaluated

what factors are most likely to influence food choices

religious beliefs, media, mood

reliable information on the Internet can be found by doing which of the following things

search sites that are managed by qualified health professionals

Phytochemicals

substances, in plants not nutrients, but I have healthful benefits (bloom greens)

The findings obtained by one research team must be ____ by those generated in other studies in order for the study to be widely accepted by other scientists

supported

Nutrition

the scientific study of nutrients

why is it important to repeat scientific investigation?

to achieve greater acceptability among other scientists and to confirm the original researchers' conclusions

what type of training has a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) completed?

trained in dietetics, college trained with extensive knowledge in foods and nutrition

a healthy diet can be achieved even with foods that are considered unhealthy as long as they are consumed in moderation

true

testimonials are not a valid representation of a products effectiveness

true

a(n) _____ is a factor, such as a person's age, weight, or environment, that can change and influence an outcome

variable

What can help ensure nutritional adequacy in a diet?

variety and balance

What is the most essential nutrient?

water

Malnutrition

A state of health that occurs when the bodies in properly nourished (overnutrition or under nutrition)

major nutrition organizations put together a list of red flags that signal poor nutrition advice. these include the following?

Claims that sound too good to be true, recommendations that promise a quick fix, recommendations based on a single study

the information we know about the relationship between diet and health is

Constantly evolving

which of the following is not a biological or psychological factor that influences a persons, food choice

Emotional stress level

American send a purchase less than the recommended amount of

Fruits

Essential nutrients

Must be supplied by food must get it from the diet, a deficiency disease results if missing, when added back to diet abnormal physiological changes are corrected after time

Energy density

The amount of energy of food provides per give it away of the food

Which of the following is not a key nutrition concept?

The best way for people to obtain all the essential nutrients is to consume dietary supplements.

You're trying to decide what kind of soup to have for dinner. From your NutritionCalc reports do you have discovered that your diet is often low in iron. Which of the following soups will give you the most iron pre kcal

Vegetable soups = 2.45 mg iron (96 kcals)

diet

a person's usual pattern of food choices

what best describes a kilocalorie

a unit describing the energy content of food