Nutrition Ch 1-2
If you consumed a total of 1800 kcals (Calories) per day and 60% came from carbohydrates, how many KCALS of carbohydrate are you consuming?
1080 kcals
A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 100 ml water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _____ kcal.
117
how many kilocalories are provided from a food containing 4 grams of protein
16
What amendment to the US guarantees freedom of the press and speech, so people can provide false nutrition information
1st
1 g of protein
4 kcal
1g of carbohydrates
4 kcal
Carbohydrates provide how many kcal per gram
4 kcal
what is the energy content of a male that is composed of 12 grams of protein, 40 g of carbohydrate, 20 g of fat, and 10 g of alcohol
458 kcals (12x4= 48, 40x4=169, 20x9=180, 10x7=70, add totals)
approximately how many grams of carbohydrates are in sugar0sweetened beverage that supplies 200 kcals in contains no fiber, fat, protein, or alcohol
50
suppose you eat nachos and cheese at a party. If the nachos have 340 kcals and 20 grams of fat what percentage of the total kcals are coming from fat
53% (20g x 9 = 180 calories from fat, 180/340 x 100)
1g of alcohol
7 kcal
1g of fat
9kcal
lipids contain how many kcal per gram
9kcal
Dietary supplement
A product that contains a vitamin mineral or herb or other plant product supplement
biological and psychological factors
age, taste/smell, sensations for hunger and thirst
Dietary supplement and health, education act of 1994
allows manufactures to classify, nutrients employment and herbal products it as food instead of a substance
When a friend tells you she is taking a vitamin B complex supplement and she feels more energetic as a result, she is sharing an ____________, or a report of a personal experience.
anecdote
a(n)___ is a report of personal experiences
anecdote
dietary supplements are intended to
be taken in addition to the diet
which of the following foods, naturally a rich source of phytochemicals
blueberries
epidemiological studies ____ establish cause and effect
cannot
What are the six classes of nutrients?
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
What are macronutrients?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
observational epidemiology studies cannot establish
causation
deficiency disease
certain abnormal physiological changes that occur in the body lacks nutrient
In which circumstances increase a persons chance of undernutrition in the US
chronic alcoholism, anorexia nervosa, living in poverty
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals and water are all
classes of nutrients
observational epidemiology research includes
cohort studies
Epidemiological
cohort, can never be used to determine causation
The participants in an experiment who are not given the treatment being tested are known as the _____ group
control
a group of people that serve as subject in an experiment but do not receive a treatment is called a(n) ____ group
control
experimental epidemiological studies utilize
control group and treatment group
a ______ is a relationship between two variable
correlation
a limitation of observational studies is that nutrition scientists can only look for a _____ between variables and health outcomes
correlation
it is easier to ____
disprove a hypothesis as being untrue than to verify one as true
Experimental study
divided into control group, placebo, can be used to test causation
when taken in high amounts, many vitamins behave like
drugs
the amount of energy (kcal) a food provides per given weight (grams) of the food is called
energy dense
a study of dietary and disease patterns among various populations is known as
epidemiology
a(n) ______ is a systematic way of testing a hypothesis
experiment
Nutrition scientist conduct ______ epidemiological studies to obtain information about health conditions that may result from specific dietary practices
experimental
A person in a scientific experiment who receives a non-placebo drug is a member of the _____ group.
experimental or treatment group
a variable is a
factor that can change and influence an outcome of a study
there are only a few factors that influence a persons eating practices
false
Basic human need for survival
food
top two killers
heart disease and cancer
when scientists suggest possible explanations for a natural phenomenon, these are called
hypothesis
a unit that describes the energy content of a food as the best energy needed to raise 1000 grams (1 liter) of water by 1 degree Celsius is called a
kilocalorie
Nutrients
life staining substances found in food and building blocks for our food
chronic disease
long term conditions that usually takes many years develop and have Complex causes
what is a nutrient needed in milligram or microgram quantities in the diet
micronutrient
which of the following are most likely to be taken as a dietary supplement
mineral, herb, amino acid, vitamin
Nutrient, dense, food supplies
more vitamins and minerals in relation to calories (broccoli)
does the FDA regulate dietary supplements as strictly as prescription medications?
no
what food supplies more vitamins and minerals in relation to total calories
nutrient dense
Macro nutrients
nutrients that the body needs in large amounts (carbohydrates, fats and proteins)
Micro nutrients
nutrients the body needs in very small amounts that don't provide energy (vitamins, minerals and water)
order of scientific method
observe/question, hypothesis, research, experiment, analyze data, share results, continue
a retrospective study examines the _____ whereas a prospective study examines the ____
past, future
Consumers need to be skeptical of nutrition and health related claims because
promoters of worthlessness nutrition products are good marketers, Nutrition misinformation can be spread through a variety of sources, the FDA cannot prevent the spread of misinfoormation published.
cohort studies can be retrospective or
prospective
what is the term used to describe a study that looks forward in time
prospective
which of the following provide energy for the body
proteins, fats, carbohydrates and alcohol
choose the type of research that involves the random assignment of human subjects to two or more groups, and a well-controlled intervention
randomized controlled trials
what type of experiment is considered the gold standard in research
randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
a member of a treatment group
receives a medication or exercise that is being evaluated
what factors are most likely to influence food choices
religious beliefs, media, mood
reliable information on the Internet can be found by doing which of the following things
search sites that are managed by qualified health professionals
Phytochemicals
substances, in plants not nutrients, but I have healthful benefits (bloom greens)
The findings obtained by one research team must be ____ by those generated in other studies in order for the study to be widely accepted by other scientists
supported
Nutrition
the scientific study of nutrients
why is it important to repeat scientific investigation?
to achieve greater acceptability among other scientists and to confirm the original researchers' conclusions
what type of training has a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) completed?
trained in dietetics, college trained with extensive knowledge in foods and nutrition
a healthy diet can be achieved even with foods that are considered unhealthy as long as they are consumed in moderation
true
testimonials are not a valid representation of a products effectiveness
true
a(n) _____ is a factor, such as a person's age, weight, or environment, that can change and influence an outcome
variable
What can help ensure nutritional adequacy in a diet?
variety and balance
What is the most essential nutrient?
water
Malnutrition
A state of health that occurs when the bodies in properly nourished (overnutrition or under nutrition)
major nutrition organizations put together a list of red flags that signal poor nutrition advice. these include the following?
Claims that sound too good to be true, recommendations that promise a quick fix, recommendations based on a single study
the information we know about the relationship between diet and health is
Constantly evolving
which of the following is not a biological or psychological factor that influences a persons, food choice
Emotional stress level
American send a purchase less than the recommended amount of
Fruits
Essential nutrients
Must be supplied by food must get it from the diet, a deficiency disease results if missing, when added back to diet abnormal physiological changes are corrected after time
Energy density
The amount of energy of food provides per give it away of the food
Which of the following is not a key nutrition concept?
The best way for people to obtain all the essential nutrients is to consume dietary supplements.
You're trying to decide what kind of soup to have for dinner. From your NutritionCalc reports do you have discovered that your diet is often low in iron. Which of the following soups will give you the most iron pre kcal
Vegetable soups = 2.45 mg iron (96 kcals)
diet
a person's usual pattern of food choices
what best describes a kilocalorie
a unit describing the energy content of food