Nutrition- Ch 1-4, 9
When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as a. glycogen b. ketone bodies c. certain B vitamins d. fiber
glycogen
Which of the following is not a function of fat in the body? a. Build scar tissue b. Lubricate body tissues c. Pad vital organs d. Provide energy
Lubricate body tissues
Which of the following are considered to be functions of lipids in the body? a. Energy source b. Protection of vital organs c. Means of absorption for certain vitamins d. Temperature regulation e. All of the above
All of the above
All proteins are composed of a. Amino acids b. Hormones c. Antibodies d. Enzymes
Amino acids
A macronutrient made of C, H, and O which is the body's preferred source of energy
Carbohydrates
Which type of fat structurally contains no double bonds between the carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain? a. Unsaturated fat b. Polyunsaturated fat c. Saturated fat d. Trans fat
Saturated fat
Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate? a. Soluble fiber b. High-fructose corn syrup c. Glucose d. Lactose
Soluble fiber
Which of the following factors makes carbohydrates an important nutrient? a. They are inexpensive b. They provide muscle growth c. They are a super nutrient d. They can be stored and are broken down into energy more easily than other nutrients
They can be stored and are broken down into energy more easily than other nutrients
Essential amino acids are those a. Available from grains b. Essential to a healthy heart c. Manufactured by the body because they are essential to life d. Unable to be synthesized in adequate amounts by the body
Unable to be synthesized in adequate amounts by the body
Fiber is non-digestible by humans because it contains a branched chain. Comparatively, starch is digestible by humans because it is unbranched. True/false
false
Glycemic load is the ratio of blood glucose response of a given food versus a standard, like white bread. Glycemic index takes portion sizing into account. true/false
false
Lipids include phospholipids, sterols, and amino acids. true/false
false
Peristalsis is a voluntary response. true/false
false
Energy for the body cells is provided by a. Fructose b. Glucose c. Galactose d. Sucrose
glucose
Nervous system cells burn mostly ________ for energy. a. glucose b. fructose c. lactose d. fiber
glucose
The storage form of glucose; found in skeletal muscle and the liver.
glycogen
Major functions of lipids include all of the following EXCEPT _________. a. help in the production of steroid hormones b. stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals c. cushioning of the body against bumps and blows d. serving as an energy source
help in the production of steroid hormones
Process of converting an unsaturated fat to a saturated fatty acid by replacing the double bonds with hydrogen
hydrogenation
A food item that does not contain all of the essential amino acids
incomplete protein
One of the three accessory organs involved in digestion
liver
Broad term defining a nutrient that is needed in small quantities for normal growth and development and includes vitamins and minerals
micronutrient
Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples of this type of carbohydrate
monosaccharide
Jacob is a healthy, active 14-year-old boy. Recently, he began to experience a growth spurt. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance. a. positive b. activated c. inverted d. negative
positive
A macronutrient made of C, H, O, and N. The body's only source of nitrogen.
protein
A macronutrient that is primarily responsible for the building and repair of muscle and tissue
protein
Type of fat that contains no double-bonds, solid at room temperature, and comes from animal sources
saturated fat
Salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a small amount of _________ to be digested in the mouth. a. fat b. starch c. vitamin D d. protein
starch
Insulin: a. helps glucose enter cells b. stimulates cells to break down glycogen for energy c. is released during fasting periods, such as between meals d. increases blood glucose levels after meals
stimulates cells to break down glycogen for energy
A triglyceride has 3 fatty acids bonded to glycerol, which acts as a backbone for their attachment. true/false
true
Refined carbohydrates do not satisfy hunger as well as proteins and fats, which may lead to an excessive consumption of calories. true/false
true
The difference between one triglyceride and another resides in the type of fatty acids attached to each glycerol. true/false
true
Person who consumes plant-based diet and does not consume meat or poultry
vegetarian
Where does chemical digestion of carbohydrates begin? a. Oral cavity b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine
Oral cavity
The Hepatic Portal Vein is the main vessel involved in nutrient transport after digestion. It carries nutrients from the _____________ to the ________________. a. Stomach; small intestine b. Small intestine; kidneys c. Liver; small intestine d. Small intestine; liver
Small intestine; liver
Fat-like waxy structure found in blood and body tissue; excess amounts can contribute to heart disease
cholesterol
Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion in the GI tract? a. Chewing food up into smaller pieces in the mouth b. Salivary amylase breaking down starch in the mouth c. Pancreatic lipase breaking down fat in the small intestine d. Gastrin stimulating HCl production in the stomach
Chewing food up into smaller pieces in the mouth
The alimentary canal starts at the ______________ and ends at the ______________. a. Esophagus; small intestine b. Oral cavity; anus c. Oral cavity; rectum d. Pylorus; anus
Oral cavity; anus
Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid? a. Polysaccharides b. Triglycerides c. Phospholipids d. Sterols
Polysaccharides
Bile is made in the liver from _______. The bile is then stored in the _______ until needed. a. cholesterol; gallbladder b. cholesterol; duodenum c. lecithin; gallbladder d. lecithin; duodenum
cholesterol; gallbladder
A/an __________ amino acid is one that is normally nonessential, but becomes essential under certain conditions. a. conditionally essential b. essential c. dispensable d. indispensable
conditionally essential
Which of the following statements about dietary fiber is correct? a. Soluble fiber dissolves in oil but not in water b. Insoluble fiber increases intestinal excretion of cholesterol c. Soluble fiber attaches to other waste products in the intestine to stimulate peristalsis d. Fiber is the portion of plants the human body cannot digest
Fiber is the portion of plants the human body cannot digest
Which of the following is a simple carbohydrate? a. Starch b. Fiber c. Fructose d. Glycogen
Fructose
Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system? a. Liver b. Brain c. Pancreas d. Gallbladder
Brain
Which of the following statements is true? a. Edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition. b. In the United States, teenagers have the greatest risk of protein-energy malnutrition. c. Compared to children in other parts of the world, impoverished children in the United States have the highest risk of protein-energy malnutrition. d. Protein-energy malnutrition affects babies while they are breastfeeding.
Edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition.
Basic building block of protein
amino acids
The liver uses cholesterol to make ___________. a. vitamin A b. bile c. water d. fatty acids
bile
The RDA for protein in g/kg of body weight/day
0.8
Number of calories in one gram of fat
9
The end products of digestion for carbohydrates, protein, and fat, include what, respectively? a. Polysaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids b. Fatty acids, amino acids, monosaccharides c. Monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids d. Fiber, unsaturated fat, enzymes
Fiber, unsaturated fat, enzymes
The presence of this lipoprotein (a cholesterol transporter) is associated with a reduction in heart disease risk
HDL
Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues? a. LDL b. HDL c. Insoluble fiber d. Insulin
HDL
The unique function of protein in the human body is to a. Aid in digestion and absorption of fats b. Modify the passage time to excretion of selected medications c. Provide energy d. Serve as building materials for tissue repair
Serve as building materials for tissue repair
What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber? a. Soluble fiber is in animal foods, whereas insoluble fiber is in plant foods. b. Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water c. Soluble fiber provides no health benefits to humans, whereas insoluble fiber reduces the risk of heart disease d. Soluble fiber can be digested by humans, whereas insoluble fiber cannot be digested
Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water
Which of the following is NOT considered a major function of proteins in the human body? a. Synthesis and storage of muscle glycogen b. Synthesis of clotting compounds in blood c. Synthesis of certain hormones d. As enzymes to speed chemical reactions
Synthesis and storage of muscle glycogen
The monosaccharide most commonly found in fruit
fructose
The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are a. glucose, galactose, and mannose b. fructose, lactose, and hexose monophosphate c. galactose, glucose, and fructose d. maltose, ribose, and galactose
galactose, glucose, and fructose
Number of calories in one gram of carbohydrate and protein
4
Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor is true? a. Kwashiorkor is most common in developing countries. b. Kwashiorkor often develops in toddlers when their mother gives birth to another child. c. Kwashiorkor results from consuming adequate energy, but insufficient high-quality protein. d. All of these choices are correct.
All of these choices are correct.
Which of the following best describes an essential amino acid? a. An amino acid that must be consumed in the diet b. An amino acid that is used to form a low-quality protein c. An amino acid that limits protein synthesis d. An amino acid that can be made by the body from other substances
An amino acid that must be consumed in the diet
Which of the following would be a good source of insoluble fiber? a. Apple skin b. Whole milk c. Green peas d. Banana
Apple skin
The descriptive name for fats of all kinds is a. Complete b. Essential c. Lipids d. Saturated
Lipids
Why do manufacturers use hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated fats in their products? a. They increase shelf life and stability b. They improve the look and presentation of the product c. They increase the amount of oxidation d. They decrease the product's caloric content
They increase shelf life and stability
Broad term for defining a nutrient that can supply energy to the body
macronutrient
The enzyme ________ breaks the disaccharide maltose into its two molecules of glucose. a. maltase b. sucrase c. amylase d. lipase
maltase
The process of digesting food begins in the a. colon b. liver c. mouth d. esophagus
mouth
A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. All of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a(n)________ fatty acid. a. polyunsaturated b. monounsaturated c. saturated d. essential
saturated
Fiber is easily digested by the human body. true/false
true
The lining of the small intestine is covered with ________, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food. a. villi b. arteries c. neurons d. veins
villi
Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of complete protein? a. Low-fat milk b. Soybean oil c. Avocado d. Sesame seed crackers
Low-fat milk
A primary function of the digestive system is the a. production of red blood cells b. transmission of nervous impulses c. destruction of toxic metabolic by-products d. breakdown of food into nutrients
breakdown of food into nutrients
Compared to most unsaturated fatty acids, a trans fatty acid ____________. a. has at least one double bond with hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the hydrocarbon chain at the position of the double bond b. contains no double bonds c. has a kink in its molecular structure that keeps it from being straight d. is comprised of glucose molecules
has at least one double bond with hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the hydrocarbon chain at the position of the double bond