Nutrition Ch. 10

begin with an activity such as brisk walking for moderate intensity.

One thing to consider when attempting to increase daily physical activity for health is to:

muscle glycogen

In the early minutes of an activity, _____ provides the majority of energy the muscles use to go into action.

physically demanding activity

Muscle growth is stimulated by:

cardiac output

the volume of blood discharged by the heart each minute

need to replenish electrolytes

Sports drinks offer some advantages over water for athletes who:

consuming fat and protein before the event

Strategies that help endurance athletes maintain their blood glucose concentrations for as long as they can include all except:

water

The body's need for ______ far surpasses that for any other nutrient.

hypothermia

below-normal body temperature

physical activity

bodily movement produced by contractions that increase energy expenditure

flexibility

capacity of joints to move through a full range of motion and bend and recover without injury

lactate

compound produced during breakdown of glucose in anaerobic metabolism

atrophy

decrease in size for disuse

hyponatremia

decreased concentration of sodium in the blood

intensity

degree effort required for performance

resistance training

develops muscle strength, power, endurance, and mass. by machines or person's own weight

muscle fatigue

diminished force and power of muscle contractions despite consistent of increasing conscious effort to perform a physical activity (may result from depleted glucose or oxygen supplies)

muscle power

efficiency of a muscle contraction, measured by force and time

fitness

enables body to perform physical activity; meet routine demands with enough reserve energy to rise to a physical challenge and with stand stress

overload

extra physical demand placed on the body; an increase in the frequency, duration, or intensity of an activity. must be worked at frequencies, durations, or intensities that increase by increments

limited to less than 2,000 calories

glycogen storage is

progressive weight training

gradual increase of a workload placed upon the body with the use of resistance

hypertrophy

increase in size of a muscle in response to use

reaction time

interval between stimulation and response

aerobic activity

involves body's large muscles working for a sustained period of time (endurance)

performance nutrition

maintaining health and maximizing physical performance in athletes

VO (2max)

maximum rate of oxygen consumption by individual at sea level

muscle endurance

muscle ability to contract repeatedly without exhaustion. increasing repetition rather than workload

agility

nimbleness; the ability to quickly change directions

anaerobic

not requiring oxygen; high intensity and short duration

leucine

one of the essential amino acids; it is of current research interest for its role in stimulating muscle protein synthesis

muscle strength

overcome physical resistance(increasing work rather than repetition)

heat cramps

painful cramps of abdomen, arms, or leg, often occurring due to low fluid intake

exercise

planned, structured, repetitive body movement that promotes or maintains physical fitness

training

regular practice of an activity, which leads to physical adaptions of the body with improvement in flexibility, strength, or endurance.

aerobic

requires oxygen

athlete

requires physical skill, trains at high level at physical exertion

cool water

During non-endurance exercise the optimal beverage for replacing fluids is:

using weight machines

Examples of aerobic physical activity include all of the following except:

supplements high in protein

For athletic performance, the diet should consist of all of the following except:

True

True or False: Iron-deficiency anemia impairs physical performance because iron helps deliver the muscles' oxygen.

false

True or False: Weight-bearing activity may interfere with maintenance of bone strength..

decreased bone density

Weight training results in all of the following except:

moderate

What is the intensity level of a physical activity that causes some increase in breathing, is a perceived exertion of 5 or 6, and allows you to have a conversation while doing the activity?

age

Which of the following factors does not influence how much glucose a person uses during physical activity?

excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

a measure of increased metabolism (energy expenditure) that continues for minutes or hours after cessation of exercise

cardiorespiratory resistance

ability of heart, lungs, and metabolism to sustain moderate to high intensity of exercised for prolonged periods of time

heat stroke

acute and life-threatening reaction to heat buildup in the body

hourly sweat rate

amount of weight loss plus fluid consumed during exercise per hour

stroke volume

volume of oxygenated blood ejected from the heart towards body tissues at each beat