Nutrition Ch. 10
begin with an activity such as brisk walking for moderate intensity.
One thing to consider when attempting to increase daily physical activity for health is to:
muscle glycogen
In the early minutes of an activity, _____ provides the majority of energy the muscles use to go into action.
physically demanding activity
Muscle growth is stimulated by:
cardiac output
the volume of blood discharged by the heart each minute
need to replenish electrolytes
Sports drinks offer some advantages over water for athletes who:
consuming fat and protein before the event
Strategies that help endurance athletes maintain their blood glucose concentrations for as long as they can include all except:
water
The body's need for ______ far surpasses that for any other nutrient.
hypothermia
below-normal body temperature
physical activity
bodily movement produced by contractions that increase energy expenditure
flexibility
capacity of joints to move through a full range of motion and bend and recover without injury
lactate
compound produced during breakdown of glucose in anaerobic metabolism
atrophy
decrease in size for disuse
hyponatremia
decreased concentration of sodium in the blood
intensity
degree effort required for performance
resistance training
develops muscle strength, power, endurance, and mass. by machines or person's own weight
muscle fatigue
diminished force and power of muscle contractions despite consistent of increasing conscious effort to perform a physical activity (may result from depleted glucose or oxygen supplies)
muscle power
efficiency of a muscle contraction, measured by force and time
fitness
enables body to perform physical activity; meet routine demands with enough reserve energy to rise to a physical challenge and with stand stress
overload
extra physical demand placed on the body; an increase in the frequency, duration, or intensity of an activity. must be worked at frequencies, durations, or intensities that increase by increments
limited to less than 2,000 calories
glycogen storage is
progressive weight training
gradual increase of a workload placed upon the body with the use of resistance
hypertrophy
increase in size of a muscle in response to use
reaction time
interval between stimulation and response
aerobic activity
involves body's large muscles working for a sustained period of time (endurance)
performance nutrition
maintaining health and maximizing physical performance in athletes
VO (2max)
maximum rate of oxygen consumption by individual at sea level
muscle endurance
muscle ability to contract repeatedly without exhaustion. increasing repetition rather than workload
agility
nimbleness; the ability to quickly change directions
anaerobic
not requiring oxygen; high intensity and short duration
leucine
one of the essential amino acids; it is of current research interest for its role in stimulating muscle protein synthesis
muscle strength
overcome physical resistance(increasing work rather than repetition)
heat cramps
painful cramps of abdomen, arms, or leg, often occurring due to low fluid intake
exercise
planned, structured, repetitive body movement that promotes or maintains physical fitness
training
regular practice of an activity, which leads to physical adaptions of the body with improvement in flexibility, strength, or endurance.
aerobic
requires oxygen
athlete
requires physical skill, trains at high level at physical exertion
cool water
During non-endurance exercise the optimal beverage for replacing fluids is:
using weight machines
Examples of aerobic physical activity include all of the following except:
supplements high in protein
For athletic performance, the diet should consist of all of the following except:
True
True or False: Iron-deficiency anemia impairs physical performance because iron helps deliver the muscles' oxygen.
false
True or False: Weight-bearing activity may interfere with maintenance of bone strength..
decreased bone density
Weight training results in all of the following except:
moderate
What is the intensity level of a physical activity that causes some increase in breathing, is a perceived exertion of 5 or 6, and allows you to have a conversation while doing the activity?
age
Which of the following factors does not influence how much glucose a person uses during physical activity?
excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)
a measure of increased metabolism (energy expenditure) that continues for minutes or hours after cessation of exercise
cardiorespiratory resistance
ability of heart, lungs, and metabolism to sustain moderate to high intensity of exercised for prolonged periods of time
heat stroke
acute and life-threatening reaction to heat buildup in the body
hourly sweat rate
amount of weight loss plus fluid consumed during exercise per hour
stroke volume
volume of oxygenated blood ejected from the heart towards body tissues at each beat
