Nutrition- Ch. 4-6

sugar has a sweeter taste than nonnutritive sweeteners

False

_____ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.

Metabolism

Which of the following has the highest glycemic index?

banana

The _____ of a food describes the extent to which the body is able to absorb the nutrients from the food and use them.

bioavailability

nonessential amino acids

body can make them

essential amino acids

body cannot make them, must be supplied by food

The primary function of the digestive system is the

breakdown of food into nutrients

Peristalsis:

helps move chyme through the digestive tract

The stomach secretes:

hydrochloric acid

Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of untreated type 1 diabetes?

hyperglycemia

Which of the following enables glucose to enter cells?

insulin

LDL

is a lipoprotein that carries cholesterol into tissues

Insoluble fiber:

is in whole grain products, including brown rice

Dietary fiber:

is not digested by the human intestinal tract

Betty has type 2 diabetes, and she has difficulty keeping her fasting blood glucose under 180mg/dl. Based on this information, Betty has a high risk of:

kidney failure

incomplete protein

lacks essential amino acids: nuts, grains, legumes

Caden develops intestinal cramps and gas after he drinks more than a half cup of milk. He can eat yogurt and cheese without any discomfort. Based on this information, Caden probably has:

lactose intolerance

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and:

learning ways to manage stress effectively

Essential fatty acids are

lipids that must be supplied by the diet. Two examples are alpha-linolenic acid and linolenic acid.

The _____ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

liver

Coretta has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce her likelihood of developing heartburn, her physician recommended that she

lose excess body fat

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to ______ while he has this illness.

lose weight rapidly

According to Shawn's physician, Shawn has a high risk of ______ because his waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure consistently measures 140/90, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110mg/dl.

metabolic syndrome

Mechanical digestion begins in the

mouth

Starch digestion begins in the:

mouth

Type 2 diabetes is:

often associated with excess body weight

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks axcess alcohol, and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches. Tyler avoids foods that contain added sugar and trans fat. His father has hypertension, and his mother has diabetes. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing:

peptic ulcers

Which of the following foods is the best source of soluble fiber?

raw fruit

Which of the following is the primary source of added sugars in American diets?

regular soft drinks

Chyme is the:

semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach

Which area of the digestive system is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption.

small intestine

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

starch

case-controlled study

study in which individuals who have a health condition are compared with individuals with similar characteristics who do not have the condition

Epidemiology

study of the occurrence, distribution, and causes of health problems in populations

cohort study

study that measures variables of a group of people over time

Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?

sucrose

Sammy is 4 years old and has been losing weight but his mom reports that he seems to always be hungry. What condition should Sammy be checked for?

type 1 diabetes

Tiny, fingerlike projections of the small intestine that absorb nutrients are called:

villi

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions?

weight loss as a result of starvation

Monosaccharides

are glucose, fructose, and galactose

According to the American Heart Association, people should limit their fat intake to less than _____ of total calories and eat foods high in _______.

25-35%, monounsaturated fats

LDL cholesterol can contribute to cardiovascular disease.

True

a diet that contains whole-grain foods may help relieve constipation

True

heartburn often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly

True

in the U.S., type 2 diabetes is more common than type 1 diabetes

True

HDL

a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol away from tissues and to the liver, where it can be eliminated

complete protein

contains all essential amino acids: fish, poultry, eggs

When he prepares food, Edgar wants to use ingredients that are not high in trans fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should he include in his recipes?

corn oil

Which of the following groups of foods are sources of starch?

corn, potatoes, and rice

When cells have more glucose than they need energy, they may convert some of the excess into:

fat

The liver and gallbladder work together to make and secrete bile which is secreted into the small intestine to aid in digestion and break down of which nutrient?

fats

Last night Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has

gallstones

Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While his is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes ______ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits.

glucagon

Which of the following is the primary source of fuel for muscles and other cells?

glucose

Amanda is a three-year-old who has a condition that is characterized by the inability of her pancreas to produce pancreatic enzymes. Based on this information, she:

has difficulty digesting food