Apparel Industries Final IU

franchises

"Franchisee (owner-operator) pays a fee plus a royaltyon all sales for the right to operate a store with an established name in an exclusive trading area" "The Franchiser (parent company) provides merchandiseand assistance in organizing, plus training."Other examples: Athletes Foot, GymboreeDesigner franchises: Ralph Lauren's Polo Shops, Calvin Klein shops, YSL Rive Gauche shops.

Five parts of a sustainable supply chain

- environmental stewardship -conservation of resources -reduction of carbon footprint -financial savings and viability - social responsibility

what kind of things will innovative farming implement?

-"no till" fields - drip irrigation -heirloom cotton varieties that do not need as many fertilizers or pesticides. -Naturally colored cotton

How to be part of the solution

-Buy less. Even the greenest garment uses resources for production and transport to your home, creating some environmental impact. - Buy clothes from sustainable brands -Buy better quality and fix clothes that start wearing out. -When a garment's life ends, find it a new purpose rather than sending it to the landfill — and consider not replacing it right away. -Buy second hand, swap, & rent clothing. -Reduce the environmental impact of your laundry- wear items more than once, use cold water and ecofriendly soap, use an energy efficient washing machine, avoid drycleaning.

cons of global sourcing

-Hidden costs related to the time and effort employees spend learning about different countries are higher. For young companies, especially, these hidden costs may be high -Your company runs the risk of having legal problems abroad. -Doing business abroad may also come with financial and political risks. In the emerging economies especially, the risk tends to be higher. -Your intellectual property is at greater risk when you adopt a global sourcing strategy. Intellectual property refers to patents, trademarks, slogans, etc.•Time differences. When your supplier is on the other side of the world—which means they're sleeping while you're at work, and vice versa—you can lose precious days waiting for answers to questions.

4 major factors affecting fashion interest and demand:

-Market Segmentation (geographics, demographics, psychographics, and behavior) -Degree of Economic Development -Sociological Characteristics of Class Structure -Psychological Attitudes of Consumers

What is included in sustainable jean technologies

-The newly developed technology -advanced equipment such as laser processing and nanobubble ozone washing machines -expertise of designers to reduce water use by up to 99%*.

what are some ways you can help change microfibers polluting the ocean?

-Using a filter on your washing machine or a special laundry bag to collect the microfibers -Switch to natural fibers like cotton, hemp or linen -Buy fewer items of clothing

3 Challenges to sustainability in the Fashion Industry

-Water Consumption + Pollution - Microplastics -Over Production and Consumption

pros of global sourcing

-You can learn how to succeed in a new market. -Your company may find new business contacts, and maybe even new customers, abroad.•If you find a new and cheaper supplier, you can compete against your rivals more effectively. -Finding new suppliers means you become less reliant on just one or two. -You may be better able to increase your company's technical capabilities by doing business abroad. There might also be an opportunity to increase manufacturing capacity.

why is fashion history important?

-fashion repeats itself bc it is cyclical - certain key periods of history dictated or influenced what happened in fashion - fashion has been and continues to be a reflection of society and current events - fashion trends are influenced by popular figures in culture - clothing styles that were snubbed a decade ago are now enjoying a resurgence in popularity

solution for over production

-hyper localism in rural areas like the American South- (clothes sewn locally from locally produced materials) -return of (smarter) manufacturing in New York, LA, and across Europe -holistic approach to luxury that will trickle down from the Paris runway to the online resellers (Gucci pledged to go carbon neutral) -circular fabrics -scientific breakthroughs that are creating closed loop fabrics (compostable, lab grown) -total rapid rethinking of how we buy and what we wear

Production

-manufacturing

what is the goal of fashion revolution

-radically changing the way our clothes are sourced, produced, and consumed - clothing is made in a safe, clean, and fair way -Collaboration across the whole retail cycle- from farmer to consumer.

what does slow fashion encourage

-slower production schedules -fair wages -lower carbon footprints -zero waste -transparency -educating consumers

Manufacturing:

-the making of goods or wares by manual labor or by machinery, especially on a large scale -The process of converting raw materials, components, or parts into finished goods that meet a customer's expectations or specifications. Manufacturing commonly employs a man-machine setup with division of labor in a large scale production.

how many people on the planet works in the global fashion supply chain

1 in 6

what are the five principles of fashion

1. Consumers establish fashions by accepting or rejecting the styles offered. 2. Fashions are not based on price. 3.Fashions are evolutionary in nature; the are rarely revolutionary. 4.No amount of sales promotion can change the direction in which fashions are moving. 5.All fashions end in excess.

what are the three pillars of sustainability

1. people 2. planet 3. profits

more than how many people lack access to clean drinking water?

1.2 billion

how many garments does the fashion industry produce per year

150 billion garments

what are microfibers and when were they made?

1989. Microfibers are synthetic fibers that are 2-3 times smaller than a human hair.

The Retail Cycle

1: Research 2: Design 3:Manufacturing 4:Merchandising 5:Retail Selling Unit 6:End-User (Client)

The 6 Stages of Product Development

1:Planning a Line 2: Creating the Design Concept 3: Developing the Designs 4: Planning Production 5: Production 6: Distributing the Line

what percent of workers receive a fair wage

2%

what place is the fashion industry for pollution?

2nd

how many garment workers are women

3 in every 4

how much percent of fashion is never sold

30%

Chain organizations

4 or more stores, centrally owned thathandle similar goods and merchandise Can be general or specialty Can be a mass merchandiser (low prices), deptStore (high quality/mid priced), specialty (high priced/exclusives)•Generally, buyers do category or classification buying Central distribution

Gen Z represents

40% of consumers

how much is the fashion industry water use expected to increase by 2030

50%

How much of our clothes are made from polyester, nylon, acrylic, and other synthetic fibers, (which are all forms of plastic)?

60 percent

what percentage of clothing ends up in incinerators or landfills within a year of being made

60%

how much does the average american buy per year

70 items

how many cubic meters of water does the fashion industry consume

79 billion which is enough to fill 32 million olympic-size swimming pools

how many synthetic chemicals are used in the fashion, textile, and footwear industry that turn raw materials into final products

8,000

Trickle-down theory/downard-flow theory

A Fashion first identified and accepted by top of social pyramid, then accepted by others Upper class - Lower class IE. - Fast Fashion

Computer-Aided Design (CAD)

A computer program that allows designers to manipulate their designs easily

What is WWD?

A daily publication that brings you breaking news about the fashion industry, designers, celebrity trend setters, and extensive coverage of fashion week.

Design Brief

A document that is developed by both designers and merchandisers, often under the approval of creative directors. It is a guide for designers and includes the business aspects of the company to help develop a unified brand identity and strategy.

fad

A fashion that suddenly sweeps into popularity, affects a limited part of the total population, and then quickly disappears

what are regenerated fibers

A fiber created in a laboratory combining natural materials with chemical compounds.

what are synthetic fibers

A fiber produced from basic raw materials such as petroleum or minerals and manufactured in a laboratory. Original form does not resemble a fibe

trend

A general direction or movement

fashion Innovator-

A person who is quicker than his or her associates to try out a new style.

Target Markets

A specific group of potential customers that manufacturers and retailers are attempting to turn into regular customers.

characteristics of flax

Absorbs moisture and dries quickly, Tendency to wrinkle, harder to iron than cotton

what are some characteristics of cotton?

Absorbs moisture quickly, dries quickly, cooling effect

new alternatives for silk

Ahimsa or Peace silk- where worms are allowed to to develop into moths.

What is Eco- Fashion?

Also called sustainable fashion. Any brand or line that attempts to minimize the impact on the environment, and often the health of the consumers and the working conditions for the people that are making the clothes.

Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)

An advanced software technology that helps manage the lifecycle of a product from concept through manufacture

Behavioral

Based on knowledge, attitudes, uses and responses to product Includes the following: Occasions Benefits sought Loyalty Usage Rate- personal care

why is global sourcing important

Because companies sourcing from both inside and outside their country borders are better able to compete. As international demand grows for more and better products and services, competition becomes more intense.

Planning Production begins with what?

Begins With Sourcing

how does fabric begin to be made?

Begins with the creation of yarn from fibers.

5 Basic Psychological Factors that Influence Fashion Demand

Boredom•Curiosity Reaction to Convention Need for Self-Assurance Desire for Companionship

what kind of fibers make up non-woven fabric

Can be made from natural or synthetic fibers

what can product development be

Can be totally new categories, or new colorations/adaptations of existing products.

what is innovative farming practices?

Changing the way farmers produce fibers such as cotton.

Color

Color Forecasting Services Color Association of the US Color Council International Colour Authority Color Marketing Group Color Voyant•Promostyl

where does silk come from

Comes from a cocoon formed by a silkworm.

Line

Consists of one large group or several small groups of apparel and/or accessory items, or styles, developed around the design brief -Used for Moderate and Popular-Priced Apparel

Gen Z wants

Convenience (I want it when I want it)•Authenticity •Transparent•Social-cause or social-oriented voice•Localization, personalization, experience•Technology

the sustainable sources include:

Cotton Soy Hemp Bamboo PET Plastic

examples of plant fibers

Cotton* Flax* Hemp Jute Ramie

Creative Resume

Could include a picture/drawing, color, different fonts, etc. Needs to be clear (recruiters immediately look for certain things- make them easy to find and read)

what is supply and demand

Demand impacts the ability to get goods.

different types of retailers

Department Stores Specialty Stores Discount Store Chain Organizations Leased Departments Franchises

Creating the Design Concept

Design Brief Hand Sketches Technical Sketches CAD Drawings

Who does product design work closely with?

Design, Sourcing, Vendors, and Merchants.

Design Specification (Specs)

Detailed document providing information about the characteristics of a project to set criteria the developers will need to meet.

MARKUP

Difference between Cost and Retail. (Retail- Cost)/Retail= MU%

Corporation disadvantages

Difficult and costly to form/establish/dissolve Tax disadvantage Legal restrictions Depersonalization

Why D2C?

Direct sales allows them to collect customer data. For many brands, the most compelling reason to sell directly to consumers is the potential to collect massive amounts of customer data. ... While selling directly to consumers makes it easier to acquire customer behavior data, companies need to make sense of all that data.

Group

Divided from the line; Linked by a common theme like color, fabric, or style

Partnership advantages

Easy to form Greater financial capacity (than sole proprietorship) Less red tape (than corporation)

what countries garment workers are lowest paid?

Ethiopia

what country is flax imported from

Europe mostly

Themes

Example: -Punk -Mod•Grunge -Romantic -Gender Fluid

characteristics of synthetic fibers

Fabric is smooth and soft, wrinkle resistant but can be machine washed (unlike many natural fibers)

Horizontal-Flow Theory/mass-market theory

Fashions move horizontally across social groups Separate markets - Not everyone wants a variation of the same thing Retailers who adopt this theory pay close attention to own customers

Typical Retail Calendar

February - January a 4-5-4 calendar also known as a Fiscal Calendar Typical Product Release Quarterly (or Seasonally)

Why do some of us choose to follow?

Feelings of Insecurity (Proper interview attire)•Admiration (Imitation)•Lack of Interest (don't care, surrender)•Ambivalence (What feels safe, want it and fear it)•Varying Rates of Response (some followers need time to adjust to new ideas)

Fabrication

Fiber/Material Forecasting - Dupont - WoolMark - Cotton Incorporated - Milliken - Burlington Worldwide Apparel

what is yarn?

Fibers that are spun or twisted into continuous threads

Research

Forecasting and Design Inspiration: -Color -Fabrication -Silhouettes -Themes Some Companies Purchase Forecasting Information Others have in-house Forecasting Teams

Things to consider when picking fabrics:

Functionality, performance Durability Feel, comfort Cost Environmental impact Human impact

off-price retailers

Growing area of business Sell name brand and designer goods at lower than normal prices They are a help to manufacturers (will take their overstocks) and a help to consumers (lower priced goods) Could be a season behind Much higher turnover, usually when an item is gone, it is gone for good.

Developing the Designs

Handful of Designs Chosen•Sample Garments Made Some In-House / Some Sent Out More Samples Are Being Shown Via CAD Instead

Silohuettes

Historical Research Trade Shows -MAGIC IN LAS VEGAS -NY, LA, Chicago, Dallas, Etc. Trade Publications -Women's Wear Daily (WWD) -Earnshaw's (Kids) -Footwear News (Shoes) -Sportwear International (Sportswear) Cyclical -IE. Flare Jeans -> Skinny Jeans

TURN

How many times you will turn over (sell and replace) your inventory in a season or year. Sales/Average Inventory= Turn (always in 2 decimals)

What 3 things do fashion forecaster do?

Hunt, Identify, Gather

largest producers of silk

India and China are largest producers

Boutiques

Individually owned stores, sometimes selling their own designed merchandise. Often carry avant-garde merchandise that is too risky for dept stores.

Trends in the Textile Fabric Industry

Innovations in high-tech fabrics Growing global competition Increased exports Greater diversification of products Increased government regulations New technology and equipment Sustainability and Environmental Impact

advantages of sole proprietorship

Keep all profits Simple to form / dissolve Flexible ownership

Innovators

Leading edge of change. High income. Like luxury goods.

Corporation advantages

Limited financial liability Specialized management skills Greater financial capacity Economies of larger-scale operation Easy to transfer ownership

Specialty stores

Limited line of merchandise Target towards a specific customer Define customers by age, size, orshared tastes. In store entertainment/excitement If small specialty store- owner or store managerusually does the buying. Larger stores have buying teams broken out by department.

what kind of fibers can create a certain type of cotton?

Long and extra long fibers can produce a fine fabric (Pima or Egyptian Cotton)

Survivors

Lowest income. Few resources. Oldest in age. Brand loyal.

how can you be competitive without offering a discount/markdown?

Loyalty program Mix of vendors Exclusive products, vendors, Private Label Partnerships with bloggers, magazines, other vendors, etc. Better technology Better experience

Computer- Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)

Many computers within a manufacturing company are linked from the design through the production stages

Professional Resume

More structured, formatted, black and white only.

department stores

Most familiar General Retailer Mostly anchored malls Typically serve a larger portion of thecommunity and offer a variety ofquality and price ranges Organized into departments (buyersand planners) Entertainment value Loyalty

Strivers

Motivated by achievement. Lower economic or social status. Strive to emulate people.

Achievers

Motivated by achievement. Work-oriented. Favor established products. Show success.

Believers

Motivated by ideals. Conservative. Predictable. Like established brands. Modest incomes.

Thinkers

Motivated by ideals. Mature professionals. High income. Practical consumers.

Makers

Motivated by self-expression. Focused on family. Appreciate practical goods.

Experiencers

Motivated by self-expression. Youngest. Social. Active. Spend a lot. Like new products.

What must be included in a resume?

Name Permanent Address or Temporary (School) Address (can do both as well) Linked In URL (can shorten it on LinkedIn) Phone Number and Email (use school email) Educational Details (school, major, minor, graduation date, gpa)- ON TOP Honors (awards, scholarships)•Activities Work Experience (include dates and location of employment) Special Skills (languages, computer skills, etc.) if important

What is the NRF?

National Retail Federation

what are the three categories of fiber?

Natural, regenerated, synthetic

Trickle-up theory/upward-flow theory

Newer Theory The Young and Low-Income individuals are quickest to adopt new and different fashions Opposite of Downward-Flow Theory/Trickle-Down Theory Historical Example - The T-shirt First made popular by laborers (farm and factory)

what was the first synthetic fiber and when was it made

Nylon -1938

examples of synthetic fibers

Nylon, Acrylic, Spandex, Polyester

factors to consider while sourcing

Overall Stability and Security Bureaucratic Efficiency Infrastructure Labor cost Product quality Geographic location Shipping throughout supply chain Labor Unions/ Human rights

variables of demographics

Population distribution Age Sex Family life cycle Race Religion Nationality Education Occupation Income

Geographics

Population studies that focus on where people live includes the following: -Climate -Density of Population -Region -Good for large international/national

GROSS MARGIN

Profit, expressed in %.

problem with silk

Questions of ethics: traditionally worms are killed.

characteristics of rayon fibers

Rayon is soft, strong, blend-able with other fibers and cost effective

what was the first regenerated fiber and when was it made?

Rayon-1910

MARKDOWNS

Reduction of retail price. Can include Permanent MD's and Promotional MD's. (Ticket price-MD price)/Ticket price= MD %

characteristics of wool

Replenishable, after the coat is sheared a new one will grow. A natural insulator, used to make warm clothes Absorbs moisture slowly and dries more slowly than cotton.

VALS 2 System

Research System

Distributing the Line

Sell the line to retailers (buyers)! This is normally the step where product developers tag in Sales Reps or Merchant/Planning team to take over.

discount stores

Sells goods at less than full retail price Also called mass merchandisers, promotionaldepartment stores, and off-price retailers. Can be general OR specialty Find close-outs and special price promotions. Specialize in low-end open-marketgoods or special lines made just for them. Include Private Label

what is slow fashion?

Slow Fashion is the movement of designing, creating, and buying garments for quality and longevity.

silk characteristics

Smooth, luxurious feel Breathable and strong fabric.

3 major types of business ownership

Sole Proprietorship (one owner) Partnership (a few owners) Corporation (many owners)

Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

Stand-alone computerized manufacturing equipment, including computerized sewing, patternmaking, and cutting machines

how are regenerated fibers made?

Starts as a liquid which is forced through tiny holes of a spinnerette.Fibers are then cut into short lengths and spun into yarn or chemically processed into yarn directly.•

leased departments

Store within a store, leasing the space The vendor pays the store a % of its sales as rent Everything managed by the brand, not department Store Luxury brands Excluded from promotions Advantages? Attracting new customers, branding, becoming a destination, not having to hire and train. Disadvantages? Could conflict with store, customer service issues

Psychographics

Studies that develop fuller, more personal portraits of potential customers, including personality, attitude, interests, personal opinions, and actual product benefits desire.

demographics

Studies that divide broad groups of consumers into smaller, more homogenous target segments

classic

Style or design that remains in basic need and remains in general fashion acceptance for an extended period of time

Category Killers

Superstores or category specialists carry one type of goods that they are able to offer in great amounts and low prices because of volume buying. Narrow but deep assortment.

What does a tech designer do?

Tech Packs Sizing Fitting Sketches Work with PD, Sourcing Team, Merchants, Trend team Competitive Shopping

Collection

Term used to describe an expensive line. (Especially in the US and Europe)

What is the second largest polluter of water globally?

Textile dyeing

What does forecasting also consider?

The Consumer Analytics

Planning Production

The Supply Chain -Global -Comprised millions of small, medium and large manufacturers in every region of the world -All operating under pressure to hold down costs, innovate products and deliver on tight deadlines.

Business

The activity of creating, producing, and marketing products or services [for a profit]

Sourcing

The decision process of determining how and where a company's products or their components will be produced -Sourcing -Choosing - Fabric, Thread, Linings, Facings, Buttons, Trim, ETC. -Do your research on what you need (most cost effective, most durable, most sustainable, etc.). -Determine WHERE to produce your product.

how is uniqlo being sustainable with their jeans?

The entire line up of UNIQLO jeans will be produced with this technology by 2020.

Discretionary Income

The money that an individual or family has to spend or save after buying necessities such as food, clothing, shelter, and basic transportation.

Style Number

The number manufacturers and retailers assigned. The number identifies the product for manufacturing, ordering, and selling Finished Samples Presented to Team -Only Few Selected And Given Style Numbers

Buying Behavior

The process by which individuals search for, select, purchase, use, and dispose of goods and services, in satisfaction of their needs and wants.

Apparel manufacturing

The process of producing clothing and accessories for consumers

Market Segmentation

The separating of the total consumer market into small groups known as market segments.

what colors can cotton come in?

The standard cotton grown is white but other growing methods have developed naturally colored cotton.

Personal Income

The total or gross amount of income received from all sources by the population as a whole. (Includes wages, salaries, interest, dividends, and all other income)

how much stronger is flax than cotton

Twice as strong

Partnership disadvantages

Unlimited financial liability Interpersonal conflicts Lack of continuity if partner dies Harder to dissolve (than sole proprietorship)

disadvantages of sole proprietorship

Unlimited financial liability Limited capital Potential management deficiencies Lack of continuity

Cohorts

Veterans 1925-1945•WWII and Great Depression•Hard working•Cautious/Financially conservative•Baby Boomers 1946-1964•Value individualism•Express creativity•Work ethic•Generation X 1963- 1980•Divorce •Latchkey Children- women in workforce•Work-life balance•Millennials 1980-2000•Technology•Instant communication•Multiculturalism•Generation Z 2000-2015•Diverse•Technology•Still learning....

Not Every Business Has In-House Design

Wholesale Buying Lines (or Product) vs. Designing Lines (or Product) IE. - Saks vs. American Eagle

examples of animal fibers

Wool (sheep)* Silk (worms)* Mohair (goat) Angora (rabbit) Cashmere (goat) Camel

#1 rule in retail

You HAVE to know your customer!

SELL THRU

a % that compares how much you have sold from the amount ofinventory received. Sales units/Total units received= S/T %

how do you become a b corp?

a company must undergo a rigorous assessment, administered by Pennsylvania-based non-profit B Lab

Internal Growth

a company's ability to offer more services and broader assortments to increase profits

Non-woven fabric

a fabric-like material made from staple fibers and long fibers, bonded together by chemical, mechanical, heat or solvent treatment.

Fashion Forecasting

a global career that focuses on upcoming trends.

Sustainable fashion

a movement and process of fostering change to fashion products and the fashion system towards greater ecological integrity and social justice.

OMNICHANNEL

a multichannel approach to sales that seeks to provide a seamless shopping experience.

Design

a particular or individual interpretation, version, or treatment of a style

what is a tarriff

a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports.

Hindsighting

a term used to recap what has already happened. What happened last season, last year, etc.? -what worked? -what didn't? -analyzing data

applied design

aesthetic & functional

Preproduction

all product development activities performed before the garment is approved for production

Fast Fashion

an approach to the design, creation, and marketing of clothing fashions that emphasizes making fashion trends quickly and cheaply available to consumers

Textile fabric

any material that is made by weaving, knitting, braiding, knotting, laminating, felting or chemical bonding.

2 main channels for retail

brick and mortar ecommerce (catalog/mail)

Vertical Retailers

businesses that design, manufacture and sell their own products, without using wholesalers. They control every stage of the supply chain and bring more value to their customers.

what is B corp?

businesses that meet the highest standards of verified social and environmental performance, public transparency, and legal accountability to balance profit and purpose

how can greige goods be finished

can be finished by textile mills or converters.

washability of wool

cannot be machine washed on hot with high agitation or will shrink.

hyper localism

clothes sewn locally from locally produced materials

What are the 4 main things to look at when forecasting and getting design inspiration?

color fabrication silhouette theme

color story

color palette identified for each group's fashion season

the business of fashion

competition and price

Manufacturer do what for fabric and materials?

consider the cost of materials and production methods.

Designers do what for fabric and materials?

consider the materials best suited for the silhouette and details of design.

Retailers

consider what materials are appropriate and desirable for their target customer.

the four main disruptions

consumer disruption technological disruption competitive disruption economic disruption

what fiber is the most widely used?

cotton

what are the big four fibers?

cotton flax wool silk

what is Design?

creative problem-solving (v.) product (or idea) resulting from creative problem-solving (n.) conscious creation of a visual experience applied design

Cut Make Trim (CMT) Factories

cutting fabric, making garment, providing trims

Package Factories

do not offer product development services (normal service factories)

what are some finishing techniques for greige goods

dye, printing, waterproofing, fire-retarding

Sustainability

endurance of systems and processes. Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

ethical obligation of business toward the communities as well as the ecological and social environments in which they operate

Sustainable Sourcing

exercise which goes beyond economic considerations and takes into account environmental, social and ethical factors as well.

Vertical Growth

expands its capabilities on levels other than its primary function -Produce own fabric / Offering manufactured goods in retail store

Horizontal Growth

expands its capabilities on the level at which it has been performing successfully -Adding new lines / Offering new product / Open new retail stores

Licensing

extending the value of a brand without actually having to develop and produce a new product

what are the three variations in the fashion cycle?

fad, flop, seasonal staple

what direction is the fashion cycle always moving in?

forward

Infrastructure

fundamental physical and organizational facilities and systems needed for operations in a country

2 broad categories of retail

general specialized

market segmentation

geographics demographics psychographics behavior

what is teh fashion revolution

global movement uniting people and organizations

head to head competition is important why

good for the consumer Offers lower prices Alternative - Offers higher quality Alternative - Offers innovative product

Private Label

goods and services created by one company to be sold and branded by another company manufactured by a contract or third-party manufacturer and sold under a retailer's brand name

what two phenomena is water scarcity being driven by?

growing freshwater use and depletion of usable freshwater resources.

Disposable Personal Income

he amount of money a person has left to spend or save after paying taxes. (Roughly equivalent to "take-home pay")

global sourcing

he practice of sourcing from the global market for goods and services across geopolitical boundaries. Global sourcing often aims to exploit global efficiencies in the delivery of a product or service.

what is the #whomademyclothes campaign

in April, which falls on the anniversary of the Rana Plaza factory collapse.

PD in the Retail cycle incorporates what?

incorporates Research, Design, and ManufacturingAnd a tiny bit of Merchandising

fast fashion

inexpensive clothing produced rapidly by mass-market retailers in response to the latest trends

what does product development start with

innovation

what three stages are there in the fashion cycle?

innovation stage, culmination stage, decline stage

what is one solution to sustainable water use?

innovative farming practices

what 6 stages are within the other three stages of the fashion cycle?

introduction, rise, acceleration, mass acceptance, decline, obsolescence

what is manufacturing

is the making of goods by hand or by machine that upon completion the business sells to a customer. Items used in manufacture may be raw materials or component parts of a larger product. The manufacturing usually happens on a large-scale production line of machinery and skilled labor.

why is textile dyeing an issue?

it poses health hazards for the people who work with them and many of the chemicals also end up in freshwater systems

Trim

labels, hangtags, price tickets, packaging

what is the lifetime of an apparel item in developed countries

less than 3 years

Forecasting

looking to the future. What do you expect or anticipate will happen next season, next year, etc.? -Taking what you learned from hindsighting and applying it to the forecast. -Apply learnings, looking ahead

Synthetic fibers

made in a chemist's lab from noncellulosic substances such as petroleum, coal, natural gas, air and water.

Knit fabric structure

made up of a single yarn, looped continuously to produce a braided look

Direct to consumer (D2C)

means you are selling your product directly to your end customers without third-party retailers, wholesalers, or other middlemen.

sustainability

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Woven fabric structure

multiple yarns (called a warp and weft) are combined, crossing each other at right angles to form the "grain"

Social (Corporate) Responsibility

n ethical framework and suggests that an entity, be it an organization or individual, has an obligation to act for the benefit of society at large.

The solution to textile dyeing is

new dye technology such as dry dyeing

Can designers, manufacturers, or retailers force unwanted fashion on consumers?

no

What is sustainable apparel?

often refers to fabrics made from eco-friendly resources, such as sustainably grown fiber crops or recycled materials. these sources are rapidly renewable

Transparency

operating in such a way that it is easy for others to see what actions are performed.

Regenerated fibers

part natural part man-made. plant fibers are dissolved in chemicals then reformed into fabric.

Consumer Income

personal disposable personal discretionary

Sustainable Design

philosophy of designing physical objects, the built environment, and services to comply with the principles of social, economic, and ecological sustainability.

natural fiber categories

plant(cellulous), animal(protein)

what does a fashion forecaster predict?

predicts the styles that will be presented on the runway and in the stores for the upcoming seasons.

what are textile fabric manufacturers considered and why

primary suppliers because fabric is the first step in the manufacturing process

Environmental sustainability

rates of renewable resource harvest, pollution creation, and non-renewable resource depletion that can be continued indefinitely.

the garment cycle

raw materials-->manufacturing-->--->assembly--->retail-->use--->recycle or disposal or reuse--->raw materials reuse--->retail

examples of regenerated fibers

rayon,acetate,lyocell

define fashion cycle

refers to the rise, wide popularity, and subsequent decline in acceptance of a style

upcycling

reuse (discarded objects or material) in such a way as to create a product of a higher quality or value than the original.

circular fabrics

scientific breakthroughs that are creating closed loop fabrics (compostable, lab grown)

Fair Trade

social movement whose stated goal is to help producers in developing countries achieve better tradingconditions and to promote sustainability.

Full-Package Factories

source, finance all materials and deliver finished goods in addition to assembling apparel to specs (specification sheets)

Codes of Conduct

statement of principles and standards by which business decisions are made

Another new sustainable water use practice involving jeans are

sustainable jean technologies- Uniqlo

flax sustainability

takes less water and fewer chemicals to grow.

why is the speed that products move through their cycles becoming faster?

technology developments and "instant" communications

Profit

the amount of money a business earns in excess of its expenses [net profit]

what is fabric

the basic material from which most articles of apparel, accessories and home fashions are made

where does wool come from

the coat of a sheep.

what is steeper, the incline or the decline of the fashion cycle?

the decline

supply chain

the entire process of making and selling commercial goods, including every stage from the supply of materials and the manufacture of the goods through to their distribution and sale. also represents the steps it takes to get the product or service from its original state to the customer.

every second, how many textiles is thrown out

the equivalent of one garbage truck of textiles

what is flax used for

the fabric Linen

Details

the individual elements that give a silhouette its form or shape

texture

the look and feel of material

Silhouette

the overall outline or contour

Taste

the prevailing opinion of what is/what is not appropriate for a given occasion

Personalization in retail

the process of using personal data to provide tailored experiences to shoppers of products in a retail environment. Every path to purchase is different, and, personalization in retail aims to serve each individual based on their needs and behaviors.

The manufacturing process begins with what?

the product design and materials specification from which the product is made.

what are greige goods

the raw unfinished fabrics before dyeing or bleaching

The 5 R's

the right merchandise at the right price in the right place at the right time in the right quantities

Fiber is what element of fabric

the smallest element of a fabric

what does flax come from

the stem of the plant

Product Development

the teaming of market and trend research with the merchandising, design, and technical processes that develop a final product.

Natural fibers

they are found in nature and come from a plant (cellulous) or animal (protein) source.

The 3 Theories of Fashion Flow share one common perspective

they recognize that there are both fashion leaders and fashion followers.

when is the term non-woven fabric used

to denote fabrics, such as felt, which are neither woven nor knitted.

Trade Fairs

trade shows designed to get textile and apparel manufacturers and retailers together to facilitate efficient transfer of ownership of products and services

fashion week occurs when and how often

twice a year, february and september

Environmental Impact of standard cotton

water use and pesticides.

Closed Loop Supply Chain

where previously discarded products circle back into the value chain and minimize waste. A previously discarded product can therefore be repaired, resold or even dismantled for parts.

how can yarn be made into fabrics?

woven or knitted into fabrics

If this is an in-house collection what do you do for distributing the line?

you are deciding which stores to put it in and how many units, etc.

If you are a wholesaler what do you do for distributing the line?

you are reaching out to buyers to show the line and have them buy!