Chapter 8.1 Textbook Quiz

Encoding information occurs through ________. automatic processing and effortful processing automatic storing and effortful retrieving processing and storing storing and retrieving

automatic processing and effortful processing

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? There are three types of encoding: semantic, visual, and sensory. change the word "encoding" to the word "decoding" change the word "semantic" to the word "memory" change the word "sensory" to the word "acoustic" change the word "visual" to the word "acoustic"

change the word "sensory" to the word "acoustic"

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember and recall? explicit memories implicit memories sensory memories short-term memories

explicit memories

I am trying to learn the names of all 50 states. While I am actively remembering and recalling this information, it is considered ________. explicit memory implicit memory procedural memory sensory memory

explicit memory

The encoding of words and their meaning is known as ________ encoding. acoustic effortful semantic visual

semantic

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes? effortful procedural recall sensory

sensory

According to Baddeley and Hitch, ________. animals process memories the same way as people short-term memory itself has different forms people process happy memories better than sad memories people will name a color more easily if it appears printed in that color

short-term memory itself has different forms

What is procedural memory? information about events we have personally experienced knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts storage of facts and events we personally experienced type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things

type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things

________ encoding is the encoding of sounds. acoustic effortful semantic visual

acoustic

Which theory/hypothesis suggests that strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories, and weak emotional experiences form weak memories? arousal theory engram hypothesis equipotentiality hypothesis flashbulb theory

arousal theory

Which of the following is a good example of acoustic encoding? being able to hum the tune to a song even when you can't remember the lyrics dreaming about an airport and deciding to take a trip remembering the names of the Great Lakes with the acronym HOMES thinking about a bike you plan to buy and having the image of the bike appear in your mind

being able to hum the tune to a song even when you can't remember the lyrics

What is episodic memory? information about events we have personally experienced knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts storage of facts and events we have personally experienced type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things

information about events we have personally experienced

What is semantic memory? information about events we have personally experienced knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts storage of facts and events we personally experienced type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things

knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts

In order for a memory to go into storage (i.e., long-term memory), it has to pass through three distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and ________ memory. encoded long-term sensory visual

long-term

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, ________. colors are more easily named when they appear printed in that color happy memories are processed better than sad memories memories are processed the same way that a computer processes information short-term memory itself has different forms

memories are processed the same way that a computer processes information

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________. encoding retrieval storage

retrieval

What is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance? Atkinson-Shiffrin model self-reference effect sensory memory Stroop effect

self-reference effect

What are the two components of declarative memory? implicit and explicit procedural and implicit semantic and episodic short-term and long-term

semantic and episodic

Which of the following is a good example of visual encoding? being able to remember the words to a song even when you can't remember the tune dreaming about your mother and deciding to call her remembering the colors of the rainbow by thinking about a bag of Skittles thinking about a dog you want to adopt and having the image of the dog appear in your mind

thinking about a dog you want to adopt and having the image of the dog appear in your mind

Remembering ________ is a good example of episodic memory. how a hamburger tastes even though you have never tasted it yourself how to use the microwave what the word January means your first day of school

your first day of school