Pathology chap2

High-resolution CT requires the slice sections to be:

1.5 to 2.0 mm

To demonstrate stenoses, blood clots, plaques, and emboli requires:

A color-flow duplex system

The patient is injected or ingests the ionizing radiation through:

A radiopharmaceutical

Fluid-filled structures transmitting sound waves easily and appearing as a dark region on the image are _____ tissue.

Anechoic

The attenuation of a specific tissue relative to water is the:

CT number

Which of the following was the first modality to provide sectional anatomy images with increased visibility of soft-tissue structures?

Computed tomography

Reflections in ultrasound produced by tissue interaction are called:

Echoes

In ultrasound the high frequency sound waves are produced by:

Electrical stimulation of a specialized crystal

Motor, sensory, and vision neurons (nervous system) can be demonstrated by:

Functional MR

To produce quantitative data in ultrasound, the equipment must:

Fuse conventional real-time with Doppler imaging

To detect the ionizing radiation being emitted from the patient to produce an image, a _____ is used.

Gamma camera

Single-photon emission computed tomography took nuclear medicine imaging concepts and added the use of:

Gamma camera movement

Window width in CT controls

Gray scale

CT scanning permitting data that can easily be reformatted to produce multiplanes (coronal and sagittal) is accomplished by:

Helical scanning

By selecting different pulses, sequences, and frequencies, the MR T1-weighted image produces images with a:

High signal intensity (bright) fat, subacute hemorrhage, and contrast material

Increased radionuclide uptake produces a _____ on the image.

Hot spot

The greatest difference in PET and SPECT is the type of:

Ionizing radiation emitted by radiopharmaceuticals

A collimator in the SPECT imaging system:

Is multiple parallel channels allowing rays to pass

Which imaging technique analyzes the chemical composition of tissues in vivo?

MR spectroscopy

The modality of choice to image the central nervous system is:

MRI

With the integration of strong magnets and radio frequencies, high resolution soft-tissue imaging in multiple planes became available with:

Magnetic resonance imaging

The major advantage of ultrasound is

No adverse effects on human tissue

Ionizing radiation, which is emitted from the patient to produce images, is the modality of:

Nuclear medicine

To best demonstrate a physiologic map, the modality of choice is:

Nuclear medicine

Which of the following uses gamma-emitting radionuclides to produce images?

Nuclear medicine images

Epileptic foci and Alzheimer's disease is best demonstrated by:

PET

Molecular imaging advancements using a positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical is:

PET

Diffusion imaging relies on _____ aiding in diagnosis of early stroke.

Random movement of water

Which of the following specialized imaging techniques provides cross-sectional images at a low cost, is readily available, and has the ability to differentiate cystic, solid, and complex tissue?

Sonography

Relaxation is:

The proton releasing energy to return to its original state

All of the following are post-processing techniques used in CT except

Time of flight

The first modality capable of producing images without the use of ionizing radiation was:

Ultrasound

The midpoint or center of the number of densities being viewed in a selected window on CT is the:

Window level

Using a narrow x-ray beam and scanning from multiple angles, the amount of radiation absorbed in tissue is represented by:

a A relative linear attenuation coefficient b. Data for computer reconstruction c. A gray scale on the computer monitor d. All of the above

To enhance the nuclear medicine image, researchers applied the use of _____ to increase accuracy.

a. Computers and movement b. Multiple gamma cameras and movement

The complexity of technology requires the radiographer to:

a. Have a more specific skill set b. Have an extensive knowledge of anatomy

The superimposition of images from two different digital modalities produces images:

a. Of anatomic and physiologic perspectives b. Using software for image integration c. From hybrid equipment, such as PET-CT d. All of the above

What made CT angiography more precise and prevalent?

a. The development of 16-slice (and greater) scanners c. Three-dimensional images

To best increase the exam specificity in MRI, the technologist must:

a. Use contrast enhancement b. Change pulse sequences

What atom's energy is manipulated to produce MRI images?

radiofrequency pulse (RF) hydrogen