Chapter 4: Tissues

What major category of tissue membrane is composed only of connective tissue?

Synovial

Tissues

collections of specialized cells and the extracellular substances surrounding them

The tissue layers that gives rise to all the body's mature tissues are called the ____ layers.

germ

The embryonic layers that give rise to all of the body's mature tissues are called ______.

germ layers

Indicate locations where simple cuboidal epithelium is found.

glands and kidney tubules

Embryonic connective tissue is called ______.

mesenchyme

An aggregation of cells and extracellular materials which performs a discrete function is known as a(n) ______.

tissue

Collections of specialized cells and extra-cellular substances around them are known as a _____.

tissue

What forms the matrix of blood?

Fluid

Simple columnar epithelium can be found lining which organs? (4 answers) 1. Uterus, and uterine tubes 2. Intestines 3. Gall bladder 4. Surfaces of the ovaries 5. Stomach

1, 2, 3, 5

Identify the types of connective tissue proper. (5 answers) 1. Dense elastic 2. Bone 3. Dense collagenous 4. Cartilage 5. Reticular 6. Adipose 7. Blood 8. Areolar

1, 3, 5, 6 and 8

What are the functions of serous fluid? 1. Provide nourishment for serous membranes 2. Reduce friction between serous membrane layers 3. Protect internal organs from friction

2 and 3

What are the two criteria used to classify the different types of epithelial tissue? (2 answers) 1. Its location 2. Shape of epithelial cells 3. Number of cell layers 4. Content of extracellular matrix

2 and 3

What are the functions of areolar tissue? (3 answers) 1. Form a framework of lymphatic tissue 2. Provide an arena for immune defense 3. Allow passage of nerves and blood vessels through other tissues 4. Storage of lipids 5. Binding of epithelia to deeper tissues 6. Forms tendons.

2, 3 and 5

What type of connective tissue is the storage location for triglycerides?

Adipose

What type of tissue is a loose connective tissue that exhibits loosely organized fibers of all types, abundant blood vessels and many cell types?

Areolar

What structures are lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Auditory tubes Respiratory tract from the nasal cavity to the bronchi

Which is a type of fluid connective tissue?

Blood

Identify the types of fluid connective tissue.

Blood and hemopoietic tissue

Which are types of supporting connective tissues?

Bone and cartilage

What are the three types of protein fibers in fibrous connective tissue?

Collagenous, reticular, and elastic

What class of connective tissue does areolar, adipose, dense collagenous and elastic collagenous represent?

Connective tissue proper

Muscular tissue consists of what type of cells or fibers?

Elongated fibers (cells) that are specialized to contract

Mesenchyme is known as what type of tissue?

Embryonic connective tissue

Glands (such as sweat glands and mammary glands) are primarily composed of what primary tissue type?

Epithelial

What type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities?

Epithelial

What class of tissue is capable of secretion and absorption of substances?

Epithelial tissue

What type of tissue lines the ducts of exocrine glands?

Epithelial tissue

What type of gland secretes its products into another organ or onto the body surface by way of a duct?

Exocrine

True or False: Blood is a type of supportive connective tissue.

False

True or False: Cartilage heals slowly because is it very vascular.

False

True or false: Exocrine glands release their secretions into the blood, while endocrine release their secretions via ducts to a surface.

False

True or false: Extracellular matrix includes protein fibers, cytoplasm, and ground substance.

False

True or false: Pseudostratified epithelial tissue consists of many cell layers, therefore it is considered a stratified epithelium.

False

True or false: The collagenous fibers of dense irregular connective tissue are parallel and closely packed.

False

Which is a characteristic of cartilage?

Has a perichondrium

What are the major functions of connective tissues?

Lends support, attachment of one tissue to another, storage of high-energy molecules and minerals, transport of nutrients, gases, enzymes and hormones

Under a microscope, you observe a tissue that consists of an open lacy network of relatively few protein fibers with widely scattered cells. What type of tissue would you be observing?

Loose connective

Which tissue comprises the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia?

Nervous

What is the term for a mature bone cell?

Osteocyte

What are the functions of serous fluid?

Protect internal organs from friction and reduce friction between serous membrane layers

What type of epithelium lines much of the respiratory tract, including the nasal cavity, the pharynx, the trachea and the bronchi of the lungs?

Pseudostratified columnar

Name the two processes that result in the repair of injured tissue.

Regeneration and replacement

List the three types of loose connective tissue.

Reticular, Adipose, areolar

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

Secretion of substances, Act as a barrier

A watery, low protein fluid that moistens serous membranes and reduces friction is _____ fluid.

Serous

What are the three major types of tissue membranes?

Serous, mucous, synovial

What type of epithelium forms glands and lines most kidney tubules?

Simple cuboidal

What class of connective tissue does bone and cartilage represent?

Supporting connective tissue

Where is adipose tissue found?

Within orbits, within breasts, & deep to the dermis of the skin

The connective tissue that is a storage location for lipid is ______ tissue.

adipose

The type of connective tissue found beneath the skin, within the breast, and on the surface of the heart is ______ tissue.

adipose

Synovial membranes ______.

are associated with joints

The class of tissue that consists of cells separated from each other by large amounts of extracellular matrix is called ______ tissue.

connective

What class of tissue is comprised of widely-spaced cells and abundant extracellular material?

connective

An epithelial cell whose the height and width are about equal, is referred to as being ______.

cuboidal

Cells that have a square or round shape are classified as ______.

cuboidal

Name the three embryonic germ layers

endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

The number of cell layers and the shape of the superficial cells are two criteria used to classify ______ tissue.

epithelial

The tissue type that covers and protects surfaces, both inside and outside the body is called _____ tissue.

epithelial

What are the four primary tissue types?

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Consider the four classes of tissues (epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous). Glands (such as sweat glands and mammary glands) are primarily composed of ______tissue.

epithelium

Glands that release their secretions via ducts onto a body surface are ______ glands, while glands that release their secretions into the blood are ______glands.

exocrine, endocrine

Areolar and adipose tissue are two examples of ______.

loose connective tissue

The viscous secretion produced by goblet cells is called _________.

mucus

Of the four classes of tissues, the tissue that consists of elongated fibers that are specialized to contract in response to stimulation is ________ tissue.

muscle

A cell that produces bone is a(n) ____.

osteoblast

An osteoblast becomes surrounded by its own matrix and entrapped in a lacuna creating a mature bone cell called a(n) ______.

osteocyte

What is the function of an osteoblast?

produces bone

The type of epithelium, a single layer with both tall and short columnar cells reaching the apical surface and shorter basal cells, is called _______.

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

The type of connective tissue that helps to tightly bind bones together, resist stress, attach muscle to bone, and transfer muscular tension to bones is called dense ________ collagenous tissue.

regular

An epithelium consisting of a single layer of cells in which all cells rest directly on the basement membrane is ______.

simple

The epithelium consisting of one layer of cells in which all cells rest directly on the basement membrane, but appear to be arranged in layers, is _____ epithelium.

simple

What type of epithelium lines the stomach, intestines, gall bladder, uterus, and uterine tubes?

simple columnar

An epithelium consisting of one layer of cells is classified as ________, and an epithelium consisting of multiple layers is classified as _____.

simple, stratified

Dense regular connective tissue is found in ______.

tendons and ligaments

Simple squamous epithelium is best suited for areas ______.

that allow diffusion of substances across the epithelium

A single secretory cell forms a(n) _____ gland.

unicellular

Areolar tissue is found ______.

widely distributed throughout the body

The most abundant type of adipose tissue is ______adipose tissue.

yellow or white

The tissue of ______ adults is more elastic and more flexible.

younger