nutrition ch 7

what is the RDA for a typical 154 man

56 grams

what disease can be diagnosed with a simple blood test

PKU

what disease is caused by a rare genetic disorder that occurs when cells are unable to produce an enzyme that converts an amino acid to other compounds

PKU

the end product of protein digestion is

amino acids

protein supplements _____ recommended for healthy adults

are not

children and adults with PKU should avoid the alternative sweetener called

aspartame

what type of disease results in the poor absorption of nutrients from the small intestine

celiac disease

what type of physician specializes in the treatment and diagnosis of allergies

immunologist

what are some of the serious health problems that result from untreated celiac disease

infertility, anemia, osteoporosis

when a person's energy intake is adequate PEM _____ likely to occur

is not

which of the following occurs when a person consumes less protein than what is needed

negative protein balance

which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?

nonessential

the study of how a person's genetics makeup influences the way their body reacts to food is called

nutrigenetics

the study of how the nutrients and other components in food can affect gene expression is called

nutritional genomics

_______ is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins

pepsin

an allergen is a

protein

protein energy malnutrition PEM affects people whose diets lack

protein, energy

which of the following is true about transamination

reactions are reversible involves the process of transferring a nitrogen-containing group to another substance to make an amino acid explains how non-essential amino acids can be made

at home genetic testing kits require you to send them a sample of

saliva

which of the following are common signs and symptoms of food allergies

scaly skin, difficulty swallowing, swollen or itchy lips

which of the following are true about complete protein sources

supplies all nine essential amino acids most foods of animal origin are sources of complete protein

the study of how excess vit a consumption during pregnancy can cause birth defects in the developing embryo is an example of

nutrigenomics

The branch of science that studies the interactions between gene functioning dietary choices and the environment is called

nutritional genomics

true or false- symptoms of PKU can be alleviated with a special diet.

true

a complete (high quality) protein contains

all nine essential amino acids

match the term with its definition

peptide bond- chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together peptides- small chains of amino acids polypeptides- proteins comprised of two or more amino acids

an _____ protein balance occurs when a person consumes more protein daily than he or she loses

positive

deamination occurs primarily in the

liver

the human digestive system does not digest ______ protein sources as efficiently as _____ protein sources

low quality, high quality

the most severe form of PEM is starvation or

marasmus

true or false- the majority of amino acids are recycled and used to make new proteins

true

although food insecurity exists in the united states protein deficiency is

uncommon, present in specific population groups

what results when a protein is absorbed without complete digestion

allergy

which of the following diseases will a person have for a lifetime

celiac disease, PKU

treatment of celiac disease requires the use of

gluten free diet

which type of diet poses an increased risk for dehydration

high protein

a low quality protein

lacks or has inadequate amounts of one or more of the essential amino acids

true or false- animal proteins are not considered to be a good source of all nine essential amino acids

false

true or false- diagnosis of disease is easily accomplished with a simple throat culture test

false

true or false- lotions shampoos and conditioners will provide the hair with nourishment that will make the hair stronger

false

which condition do children typically outgrow by the time they are young adults

food allergies

______ protein diets lead to increased urine output which, in turn, poses a risk for dehydration

high

the prevalence of food allergies in the united states is

increasing

which of the following are unproven diagnostic methods for allergies

diagnosis performed by an alternative medical practitioner electrodermal testing hair analysis

the estimated average requirement for protein increases during

a period of rapid growth recovery from serious illness pregnancy

celiac disease is a common inherited condition that results in poor _____ of nutrients from the small intestine.

absorption

where are dipeptides and tripeptides broken into amino acids

absorptive cells

which process occurs primarily in the liver

deamination

rank the correct order for the steps of urea production and removal

deamination results in the production of ammonia liver converts ammonia to urea urea is released into the blood kidneys pick up urea and eliminate it in the urine

damaged villi will

decrease nutritional absorption

a high protein/low- carbohydrate diet can result in

decreased hunger, weight loss

rank in order the steps involved in the digestion of protein beginning in the stomach

denaturation by stomach acid and partial digestion by pepsin the pancreas secretes protein-splitting enzymes final digestion occurs within absorptive cells amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver rectum very little dietary protein is excreted in feces

which food rates very high protein quality it is easy to digest and has a pattern of essential amino acids that closely resembles that needed by humans

eggs

the amino acid pool is an _____ source of nitrogen

endogenous

what happens when excess protein is consumed

it is metabolized for energy needs it is turned into glucose or fat

which of the following is true about protein deficiency in the united states

it is uncommon

the form of PEM that occurs when previously breastfed toddler is suddenly weaned to a diet sufficient in energy but insufficient in protein is called

kwashiorkor

forms of PEM include

kwashiorkor, marasmus

protein energy malnutrition is an example of

undernutrition

how much dietary protein escapes digestion and then eliminated in feces

very little

abdominal bloating chronic diarrhea and weight loss are all symptoms of

celiac disease

anemia liver disease osteoporosis and infertility can result from untreated

celiac disease

individuals who have experienced a serious viral infection or suffer severe emotional stress are at increased risk for

celiac disease

low income people and alcoholics are at high risk for

protein deficiency

most allergens are

proteins

steps to follow when determining if a person has allergies include

skin testing testing performed by an immunologist

prior to arriving at the liver via the portal vein the amino acids that make up protein were in the

small intestine

prior to arriving at the liver via the portal vein the amino acids that make up the protein in the

small intestine

what are some examples of foods made from soybeans

soy milk, infant formula, meat substitutes

people with celiac disease must avoid products with

gluten

put the process of protein digestion in the correct order from start to finish

digestion proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine. further digestion occurs as the pancrease secretes protein splitting enzymes including trypsin final digestion occurs within absorptive cells amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver

an ____amino acid cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts or at all and must be included in the diet.

essential, indispensable

anaphylactic shock results from

an allergic reaction

trypsin and chymotrypsin

break down polypeptides into shorter peptides and amino acids

match each term with the most appropriate definition

lactovegetarian- eats milk and milk products but no animal flesh or eggs lactoovovegetarian- eats milk and milk products and eggs but no other animal foods ovovegetarian- eats eggs but no other animal foods

an ______ is a part of a plant family with pods that contain a single row of seeds. examples include peanuts garden peas and lentils.

legumes

protein supplements are not recommended for healthy person because

little is known about the long term safety

After completion of final digestion of protein in the absorptive cells the amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the

liver

which of the following is the term used to describe dietary proteins that are low in or lack one or more of the essential amino acids

low quality proteins

which of the following is true about deamination

occurs primarily in the liver a process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid. once the nitrogen is removed the remaining amino acid is a carbon skeleton

which diet is high protein/low carbohydrate

paleo, atkins

nitrogen equilibrium occurs when

protein intake equals protein losses

amino acids are the building blocks of ____

proteins

quinoa and soy protein are considered _____ sources of protein

superior

which of the following is true about celiac disease

there is no cure patients can maintain good health by following a gluten free diet

a protein is deaminated and its carbon skeleton is used for energy or stored as fat when we consume

too much protein