nutrition ch 7
what is the RDA for a typical 154 man
56 grams
what disease can be diagnosed with a simple blood test
PKU
what disease is caused by a rare genetic disorder that occurs when cells are unable to produce an enzyme that converts an amino acid to other compounds
PKU
the end product of protein digestion is
amino acids
protein supplements _____ recommended for healthy adults
are not
children and adults with PKU should avoid the alternative sweetener called
aspartame
what type of disease results in the poor absorption of nutrients from the small intestine
celiac disease
what type of physician specializes in the treatment and diagnosis of allergies
immunologist
what are some of the serious health problems that result from untreated celiac disease
infertility, anemia, osteoporosis
when a person's energy intake is adequate PEM _____ likely to occur
is not
which of the following occurs when a person consumes less protein than what is needed
negative protein balance
which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?
nonessential
the study of how a person's genetics makeup influences the way their body reacts to food is called
nutrigenetics
the study of how the nutrients and other components in food can affect gene expression is called
nutritional genomics
_______ is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins
pepsin
an allergen is a
protein
protein energy malnutrition PEM affects people whose diets lack
protein, energy
which of the following is true about transamination
reactions are reversible involves the process of transferring a nitrogen-containing group to another substance to make an amino acid explains how non-essential amino acids can be made
at home genetic testing kits require you to send them a sample of
saliva
which of the following are common signs and symptoms of food allergies
scaly skin, difficulty swallowing, swollen or itchy lips
which of the following are true about complete protein sources
supplies all nine essential amino acids most foods of animal origin are sources of complete protein
the study of how excess vit a consumption during pregnancy can cause birth defects in the developing embryo is an example of
nutrigenomics
The branch of science that studies the interactions between gene functioning dietary choices and the environment is called
nutritional genomics
true or false- symptoms of PKU can be alleviated with a special diet.
true
a complete (high quality) protein contains
all nine essential amino acids
match the term with its definition
peptide bond- chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together peptides- small chains of amino acids polypeptides- proteins comprised of two or more amino acids
an _____ protein balance occurs when a person consumes more protein daily than he or she loses
positive
deamination occurs primarily in the
liver
the human digestive system does not digest ______ protein sources as efficiently as _____ protein sources
low quality, high quality
the most severe form of PEM is starvation or
marasmus
true or false- the majority of amino acids are recycled and used to make new proteins
true
although food insecurity exists in the united states protein deficiency is
uncommon, present in specific population groups
what results when a protein is absorbed without complete digestion
allergy
which of the following diseases will a person have for a lifetime
celiac disease, PKU
treatment of celiac disease requires the use of
gluten free diet
which type of diet poses an increased risk for dehydration
high protein
a low quality protein
lacks or has inadequate amounts of one or more of the essential amino acids
true or false- animal proteins are not considered to be a good source of all nine essential amino acids
false
true or false- diagnosis of disease is easily accomplished with a simple throat culture test
false
true or false- lotions shampoos and conditioners will provide the hair with nourishment that will make the hair stronger
false
which condition do children typically outgrow by the time they are young adults
food allergies
______ protein diets lead to increased urine output which, in turn, poses a risk for dehydration
high
the prevalence of food allergies in the united states is
increasing
which of the following are unproven diagnostic methods for allergies
diagnosis performed by an alternative medical practitioner electrodermal testing hair analysis
the estimated average requirement for protein increases during
a period of rapid growth recovery from serious illness pregnancy
celiac disease is a common inherited condition that results in poor _____ of nutrients from the small intestine.
absorption
where are dipeptides and tripeptides broken into amino acids
absorptive cells
which process occurs primarily in the liver
deamination
rank the correct order for the steps of urea production and removal
deamination results in the production of ammonia liver converts ammonia to urea urea is released into the blood kidneys pick up urea and eliminate it in the urine
damaged villi will
decrease nutritional absorption
a high protein/low- carbohydrate diet can result in
decreased hunger, weight loss
rank in order the steps involved in the digestion of protein beginning in the stomach
denaturation by stomach acid and partial digestion by pepsin the pancreas secretes protein-splitting enzymes final digestion occurs within absorptive cells amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver rectum very little dietary protein is excreted in feces
which food rates very high protein quality it is easy to digest and has a pattern of essential amino acids that closely resembles that needed by humans
eggs
the amino acid pool is an _____ source of nitrogen
endogenous
what happens when excess protein is consumed
it is metabolized for energy needs it is turned into glucose or fat
which of the following is true about protein deficiency in the united states
it is uncommon
the form of PEM that occurs when previously breastfed toddler is suddenly weaned to a diet sufficient in energy but insufficient in protein is called
kwashiorkor
forms of PEM include
kwashiorkor, marasmus
protein energy malnutrition is an example of
undernutrition
how much dietary protein escapes digestion and then eliminated in feces
very little
abdominal bloating chronic diarrhea and weight loss are all symptoms of
celiac disease
anemia liver disease osteoporosis and infertility can result from untreated
celiac disease
individuals who have experienced a serious viral infection or suffer severe emotional stress are at increased risk for
celiac disease
low income people and alcoholics are at high risk for
protein deficiency
most allergens are
proteins
steps to follow when determining if a person has allergies include
skin testing testing performed by an immunologist
prior to arriving at the liver via the portal vein the amino acids that make up protein were in the
small intestine
prior to arriving at the liver via the portal vein the amino acids that make up the protein in the
small intestine
what are some examples of foods made from soybeans
soy milk, infant formula, meat substitutes
people with celiac disease must avoid products with
gluten
put the process of protein digestion in the correct order from start to finish
digestion proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine. further digestion occurs as the pancrease secretes protein splitting enzymes including trypsin final digestion occurs within absorptive cells amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver
an ____amino acid cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts or at all and must be included in the diet.
essential, indispensable
anaphylactic shock results from
an allergic reaction
trypsin and chymotrypsin
break down polypeptides into shorter peptides and amino acids
match each term with the most appropriate definition
lactovegetarian- eats milk and milk products but no animal flesh or eggs lactoovovegetarian- eats milk and milk products and eggs but no other animal foods ovovegetarian- eats eggs but no other animal foods
an ______ is a part of a plant family with pods that contain a single row of seeds. examples include peanuts garden peas and lentils.
legumes
protein supplements are not recommended for healthy person because
little is known about the long term safety
After completion of final digestion of protein in the absorptive cells the amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the
liver
which of the following is the term used to describe dietary proteins that are low in or lack one or more of the essential amino acids
low quality proteins
which of the following is true about deamination
occurs primarily in the liver a process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid. once the nitrogen is removed the remaining amino acid is a carbon skeleton
which diet is high protein/low carbohydrate
paleo, atkins
nitrogen equilibrium occurs when
protein intake equals protein losses
amino acids are the building blocks of ____
proteins
quinoa and soy protein are considered _____ sources of protein
superior
which of the following is true about celiac disease
there is no cure patients can maintain good health by following a gluten free diet
a protein is deaminated and its carbon skeleton is used for energy or stored as fat when we consume
too much protein