Nutrition Ch 9

Which statement is most accurate?

A nutritionally adequate diet can supply vitamins that last for days and even years.

Vitamin ____ is necessary for the metabolism of the minerals calcium and phosphorus, and the production and maintenance of healthy bones

D

Choose the true statements about vitamin D.

Vitamin D is considered a hormone. Vitamin D is not considered an essential nutrient. Calciferol comes from plant and animal sources.

Which fat-soluble vitamin serves as a major antioxidant in the body?

Vitamin E

What vitamin deficiency will result in blood that does not clot effectively?

Vitamin K

Which fat-soluble vitamin is involved in the production of active blood clotting factors?

Vitamin K

A high level of salt in sweat is a positive sign for a diagnosis of

cystic fibrosis.

Long-term studies ______ in showing that high intakes of vitamin E consistently reduced the risk of chronic disease.

failed

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are all ______-soluble vitamins.

fat

True or false: If left untreated, children with cystic fibrosis usually experience delayed growth and malnutrition.

true

Match each vitamin with its major function in the body

vitamin A ===>normal vision and reproduction, cellular growth, and immune system function vitamin D ===>absorption of calcium and phosphorus, maintenance of normal blood calcium, calcification of bone, and maintenance of immune function vitamin E ===>antioxidant vitamin K ===>production of active blood-clotting factors, prevention of soft tissue calcification

Plant oils, such as sunflower, safflower, canola, and olive oils, as well as margarine and salad dressing, are rich food sources of ______.

vitamin E

What are some common foods fortified with vitamin D?

milk ready-to-eat cereal orange juice

What are some signs and symptoms of rickets?

muscle pain misshapen bones soft bones

Choose the functions of vitamin E.

maintains immune system function maintains nervous tissue protects cell membranes from being damaged by free radicals

Vitamins provide _____ kilocalories per gram.

zero

Why is it not necessary to consume 100% of every vitamin each day?

-Body cells can store vitamins to some extent. -Your body can synthesize vitamin D. -Bacteria in your lower intestinal tract can produce certain vitamins.

Choose the true statements about vitamins

-Toxicity is more likely to occur when taking excessive amounts of vitamin supplements. -Taking a "once daily" multivitamin is unlikely to produce toxic effects in adults. -Most commonly eaten foods do not contain toxic levels of vitamins.

Preserving water-soluble vitamins in food preparation can be achieved by

-cutting produce into large pieces. -cooking vegetables in small amounts of water. -cooking fruits and vegetables with their skins.

What criteria must a nutrient meet to be classified as a vitamin?

-signs and symptoms of a health problem occur if the nutrient is missing from the diet -the body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health -the nutrient occurs in commonly eaten foods

What increases a person's risk for a vitamin toxicity?

-taking a megadose of a vitamin -consuming large amounts of vitamin-fortified foods

According to a nationwide survey, approximately ______ of American adults had low blood levels of vitamin D. Multiple

50%

Vitamin ____ participates in the development of epithelial cells, the production of white blood cells, and bone growth.

A

Vitamin _____ participates in the development of epithelial cells, the production of white blood cells, and bone growth

A

Which roles does vitamin D play in the body?

Assists with absorption of calcium Production of bones Maintenance of bones Maintains phosphorus levels in blood

Why is a vitamin E deficiency rare?

Because the healthy body stores the vitamin in body fat, skeletal muscle, and the liver

Where does the healthy body store vitamin E?

Body fat Skeletal muscle Liver

What roles does vitamin A play in the body?

Cell production Formation of epithelial cells Cell growth

Who is least at risk for developing a vitamin A deficiency?

Children who like vegetables

Dark green fruits and vegetables that contain carotenoids contain _____ which hides the yellow-orange pigment

Chlorophyll

Which of the following foods would NOT be a good source of vitamin D?

Cucumbers

A sweat test that measures the level of salt in sweat is a positive sign for the diagnosis of ____ ____

Cystic fibrosis

Alpha-tocopherol is a form of vitamin ______

E

True or false: Clinical studies have provided support for taking vitamin A or beta-carotene supplements to reduce the risk of CVD.

False

True or false: Vitamin E supplementation has been shown to reduce the risk of chronic disease.

False

Which of the following is true about vitamin K?

Green leafy vegetables are good food sources

Which of the following is true about vitamin E?

Only the alpha-tocopherol form of vitamin E is used by the body

Which groups of people are most at risk for developing a vitamin A deficiency?

People with fat malabsorption Older adults Preschoolers who don't eat vegetables

Vitamin K deficiency may develop in individuals on long-term antibiotic therapy because such therapy can _____ the number of bacteria in the colon that synthesize the vitamin naturally.

Reduce

What is the primary site of vitamin absorption?

Small intestine

Which of the following are major food sources of vitamin K?

Soybean and canola oils Margarine and salad dressing Green leafy vegetables

Which foods are good sources of vitamin E?

Sunflower seeds and plant oils

Vitamin is a term _____ created from meaning necessary for life and ______ meaning containing nitrogen.

Vita; amine

What is a complex organic compound that regulates certain metabolic processes in the body?

Vitamin

Which of the following are fat-soluble vitamins?

Vitamin D Vitamin A Vitamin K Vitamin E

The amine in vitamin means ______.

a nitrogen-containing substance

Poor disease management of cystic fibrosis results in

blockage of ducts leading to and from the pancreas. reduced enzymatic activity that cause nutrient malabsorption. destruction of pancreatic tissue.

A class of mainly yellow, orange, or red pigments, which give color to fruits and vegetables, are called ______.

carotenoids

The yellow-orange pigments in fruits and vegetables are called .

carotenoids

Dark green fruits and vegetables that contain carotenoids are not yellow-orange in color because of the presence of ______

chlorophyll

Factors associated with low vitamin D status include ______.

excess body fat screentime more than 4 hours daily drinking milk less than once a week

Vitamin K deficiency can commonly develop in people who ______.

have liver disease have cystic fibrosis have a condition that impairs fat absorption

Clinical studies _______ provided support for taking vitamin A or beta-carotene supplements to reduce the risk of CVD.

have not

About 10% of the body's supply of menaquinone (vitamin K2) is supplied by ______.

intestinal bacteria

Several long-term studies have shown a(n) _______ relationship between vitamin K intake and the risk for osteoporosis.

inverse

Describe treatment for cystic fibrosis.

surgery medications diet airway clearance

Where is most of the vitamin A in the body stored?

liver

Vitamin E functions to ______.

maintain nervous tissue maintain immune system function protect polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes

Vitamin D comes from both plant and animal food sources, the _____ form of vitamin D is called ergocalciferol. Multip

plant

Several studies have displayed a relationship with vitamin K intake and ____ risk of osteoporosis

reduced

Vitamin A is transported in the blood bound to ____ _____ ______

retinol binding protein

Children with leg bones that bow under the weight of carrying the upper part of the body is a sign of ____ , a disease resulting from vitamin D deficiency.

rickets

The _____ ______ is the primary site of vitamin absorption.

small intestines

Cooking vegetables in small amounts of water, cutting produce into large pieces, and cooking fruits and vegetables with their skins are all effective ways to reduce the loss of _____ that easily leach out of food and dissolve in cooking water.

water-soluble vitamins

How many calories are provided from 60 mg of vitamin C?

zero

What is the primary function of vitamin K?

Blood clotting

____ _____ is a condition that results in the overproduction of mucus that negatively affects the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, sinuses, and sexual organs.

Cystic fibrosis

What vitamin is found in plant and animal food sources but can also be synthesized by bacteria in the intestinal tract?

Vitamin K