Nutrition CH3
What are the three categories of organic labeling?
1) 100% organic- can use USDA seal, 100% organic ingredients including processing aids 2) Organic- can use USDA seal, contains at least 95% organic ingredients, the remaining 5% are on the USDA's allowed list of ingredients 3) "Made with organic ingredients"- contains 70% to 95% organic ingredients
Nutrient claims on food labels...
1) are very specific 2) follow legal definitions 3) can be quantified
Added sugar intake should be less than ________ % of daily calories.
10
Saturated fat intake should be less than ______ % of total daily calories.
10
Smoking increases the need for vitamin C; smokers should add ______mg to their RDA for this nutrient.
35
A food is considered a low source of a nutrient if it provides ____% of that nutrient or less
5
The general population should consume at least ____ ounces of various seafood per week
8
To help consumers evaluate the nutritional content of food products, the FDA used RDAs to develop the _______ __________ for labeling purposes. These were more practical and simplified for consumers.
Daily Values (DV)
T/F: The FDA requires dietary supplement manufacturers or sellers to provide evidence that labeling claims are accurate or truthful before they appear on product containers.
False
T/F: The latest U.S. Department of Agriculture dietary guide combines fruits and vegetables into the produce food group.
False
Adequate Intake (AI)
In some instances, nutrition scientists are unable to develop RDAs for nutrients; until such information becomes known, scientists set AIs for these nutrients.
Enrichment
Replaces some of the nutrients that foods lose during refining
T/F: According to federal law, every dietary supplement container must be properly labeled. This means the word "supplement" MUST be on the container.
True. Dietary supplement containers must also display the list of ingredients, manufacturer's address, and suggested dose.
What information is required on the new Nutrition Label?
Vitamin D and added sugar
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
amount of nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people who are in a particular life-stage/sex group
the traditional Asian dietary pattern is lacking in ___________
calcium rich foods
a structure-function claim _________ state that a nutrient, food, or dietary supplement can be used to prevent or treat a serious health condition
cannot
Alternative food pyramids are determined by....
culture and ethnicity
The typical American diet of those 2 years and older does not provide enough....
dairy, veggies, and fruits
Structure/Function Claim
describes the role that a nutrient or dietary supplement plays in maintaining a structure, such as bone, or promoting the health of a body structure or normal bodily function, such as digestion
The dietary guidance system is also known as the "_______ ____________"
food guide
Empty Calorie foods
foods that are high in solid fats and/or added sugar; provide calories with little nutrients
At least ________ of recommended grains should be whole grains
half
The risk of a toxicity disorder _____________ when a person regularly consumes amounts of a nutrient greater than its UL
increases
Nutrient Requirement
is the smallest of a nutrient that maintains the defined level of nutritional health
The traditional Native American diet was _______ in sodium and fat and __________ in fiber
low, high
Use _________ to replace solid fats
oils
What does the EER take into account?
physical activity level, height, weight, sex, and life stage
How is adequate intake established?
scientists record the diets of a healthy group of people and estimate the group's average daily intake of the nutrient
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)
standards for recommended daily intakes of several nutrients. RDAs meet the needs of nearly all healthy individuals (97-98%) in a particular life-stage/sex group
Fortification
the addition of nutrients of food
Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)
the average daily energy intake that meets the needs of a healthy person who is maintaining his/her weight; DOES NOT include a margin of safety
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
the highest average amount of a nutrient that is unlikely to harm most people when the amount is consumed daily
Failure to regularly consume the RDA or AI for a particular nutrient increases the likelihood of developing....
the nutrient's deficiency symptoms
Organically produced foods (organic foods)
those that do not rely on the use of antibiotics, hormones, synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, genetic improvements, or ionizing radiation.
To meet the nutrient needs within calorie limits, people should choose a ____________ of nutrient-dense foods across all food groups in recommended amounts
variety
Ingredients are listed on the Nutrition Facts label in descending order by ____________
weight
When the body is recovering from illness, it....
withdraws nutrients from storage
According to the USDA, what are some foods and beverages that contribute largely to a lot of the empty calories found in Americans' diets?
Cakes, cookies, pastries, doughnuts, sugar-sweetened drinks, cheese and pizza, ice cream, and fatty meats
Nutrition Facts panel
FDA requires food manufacturers to use this special format to display information about the energy and nutrient contents of products
T/F: MyPlate groups foods according to the amount of calories, carbohydrates, proteins, and fat supplied per serving of a particular food.
False
How is a RDA established for a nutrient?
First, the EAR is determined. Then scientists add a margin of safety to the EAR.
In the US, the ________ of the Institute of Medicine develops DRIs (dietary reference intakes)
Food and Nutrition Board (FNB)
How does the FNB establish an EAR for a nutrient?
Identifies a physiological marker, a substance in the body that reflects proper functioning and can be measured. This marker indicates whether or not the level of nutrient in the body is adequate
What are some nutrients that Americans tend to consume in limited amounts and should increase?
Potassium, calcium, vitamin D, and dietary fiber
T/F: According to expert dietary recommendations, carbohydrates should supply the majority of your daily calorie intake.
True
T/F: Last week, Colin didn't consume the recommended amount of vitamin C for a couple of days. Nevertheless, he is unlikely to develop scurvy, the vitamin C deficiency disease.
True
T/F: The FDA permits labels to include claims about levels of nutrients in processed foods.
True
T/F: The Nutrition Facts panel on a food label provides information concerning amounts of energy, fiber, and sodium that are in a serving of the food.
True
The Exchange System
a tool for estimating the energy, protein, carbohydrate, and fat contents of foods; the system categorizes foods into three broad groups: carbs, meats and meat substitutes, and fats. Each group also has a similar macronutrient composition.
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (ADMRs)
ranges of carbs, fats, and proteins intakes that provide adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals and may reduce risk of developing certain, diet-related chronic diseases
