Nutrition Chapter 11

The recommended intake of calcium for adults is __________ mgs/day.

1000-1200

Which of the following functions to inhibit calcium release from bone?

Calcitonin

Which group contains the highest proportion of individuals who do not meet their calcium requirement?

Girls 9-17 years

Which statement describes the relationship of bone calcium to blood calcium?

If dietary calcium is low, bone calcium is sacrificed to maintain blood calcium

_________ are cells that build bone, while _________are cells that break down bone.

Osteoblasts; osteoclasts

Which is the correct relationship between smoking and drinking and osteoporosis risk?

Smoking and drinking both increase risk

Peak bone mass in women is typically achieved in:

early adulthood

Postmenopausal bone loss is primarily associated with decreased levels of the hormone:

estrogen

The consumption of soda:

has led to a decrease in the consumption of milk

When blood calcium is low, parathyroid hormone raises levels by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

increasing appetite for calcium containing foods

Calcium absorption is highest in:

infancy

Significant loss of bone mass and increased risk of fractures associated with aging is termed:

osteoporosis

Two hormones regulate blood calcium levels; ________ raises blood calcium and __________ lowers blood calcium levels.

parathyroid hormone; calcitonin

In the body, sulfur plays an important part in the structure of:

some amino acids and vitamins

Whether an element is classified as a major or as a trace mineral is determined by:

the amounts needed daily by the body

Phosphorus is essential for energy production since it is part of:

ATP

Which of the following is NOT a function of calcium?

ATP stabilization

The group with the highest bone density is:

African Americans

The majority of phosphorus in the body is found in:

Bones and teeth

Which is the least plentiful source of calcium?

Carrots

Which of the following statements regarding calcium is true?

Infants get adequate calcium from breast milk.

Which statement about tetany is FALSE?

It can cause death?

Which statement about Vitamin D is correct?

It promotes active transport of calcium across the intestine

Which of the following is true about minerals?

Minerals can be structural components.

Which of the following is NOT a typical reason why women are at increased risk of osteoporosis?

The hormonal changes that accompany menopause affect appetite for calcium-containing foods.

As calcium intake increases:

The percentage absorbed declines

Which group could benefit from calcium supplements if needs are not met by diet?

Young people who have not yet achieved peak bone mass, post-menopausal women, individuals with decreased bone density (All)

The matrix of bone is:

a protein framework, made up primarily of collagen, imbedded with hydroxyapatite (all are correct)

The hard compact layer found on the surface of bones is called __________ bone.

cortical

After 35 to 45 years of age:

bone breakdown exceeds bone formation

The most abundant mineral in the body is:

calcium

The most significant dietary factor contributing to osteoporosis is:

calcium