Nutrition Chapter 5: Carbs
which of the following areas of the body can permanently damaged by poorly controlled diabetes? a- eyes b- heart c- kidneys d- teeth
A,B,C
patients who experience hypoglycemia may benefit from: a- protein containing snaks b- as little fat as possible c- two large meals per day d- meals with a mixture of macronutrients
A,D
which populations are likely to have decreased lactose digestion? a- northern europeans b- asian americans c- latino/hispanic americans d- african americains
B,C,D
which of the following foods contain essentially no carbs? a- peas b- broccoli c- beef d- jelly e-eggs f-plain baked potato g- butter h- fat-free milk
C,E,G
lactose maldigestion that occurs for a specific cause,such as long term diarrhea and results in a decline in lactase production is considered ______ lactose maldigestion.
Secondary
T or F: tagatose is poorly absorbed, so it yields only 1.5kcal per gram to the body
True
T or F: the increased bulk of a high-fiber meal promotes a feeling of fullness without yielding many calories
True
True of False: Both fiber and starch are types of polysaccarides
True
True or False: neotame is non-nutritive, high-intensity sweetner that, depending on its food application, is approximately 7000 to 13,000 times sweeter than table sugar.
True
the storage form of carbs in humans and animals is called ____.
glycogen
in what form is glucose stored in plants?
starch
why cant fiber be absorbed in the small intestine?
the human GI tract lacks the enzymes necessary to break down fiber
T or F: when dietary consumption of carbs exceeds the amount needed for energy and glycogen storage, the excess carbs will be stored as fats,
true
Excessive consumption of this sugar may have a laxative effet: a- alcohol sugars b- saccharin c- honey
A
How many grams of carbs is needed daily to prevent ketosis? a- 50 to 100 g/day b- <50g day c- 25-50 g/day
A
Monosaccarides generally follow a(n) ______ absorption process. a- active b- facilitated c- passive
A
a diet excessive in ____may decrease the absorption of essential minerals such as iron and zinc. a- fiber b- saturated fat c- potassium
A
at what age can type I diabetes occur? a- at any age b- only at birth c- only during adulthood d- only during childhood
A
at what initial levels is blood pressure considered to be high? a- 130/85 b- 140/90 c-110/75 d- 120/80
A
foods that contain a moderate amount of carbs include peas, dried beans, and dairy. in these foods, the cab content is diluted with: a- protein and fat b- fiber and protein c- fat and fiber
A
how much energy does glucose provide per gram? a- 4 kcal b- 9 kcal c-5 kcal
A
how much sweeter is sucralose than sucrose? a- 600 b- 20 c- 2000 d- 400
A
neotame has a chemical strucutre similar to _____. a- aspartame b- tagatose c-fructose
A
raffinose and stachyose are examples of what type of complex carb? a- oligosaccaride b- starch c- polysaccaride
A
the treatment for metabolic syndrome is essentially the same as the treatment of what other disease? a- type 2 diabetes b- cancer c- type 1 diabetes d- osteoporesis
A
which of the following is a good source of soluble fiber? a- apple b- wheat c- rye d- ride
A
which of the following is true about aspartame? a- it loses its sweetness when cooked b-its sweetness is equivalent to sucrose c- it does not contain calories
A
recent research has demonstrated a relationhip between sugar intake and an increased risk of _____ disease. a- chron's b- cardiovascular c- skin d- liver
B
the advantage of having an adequate intake of carbs in the diet is that it will spare protein as an energy source and prevent : a- weight gain b- ketosis
B
treating cornstarch with acid and enzymes results in the production of: a- invert sugar b- high-fructose corn syrup c- maltodextrin d- confectioner's sugar
B
what is the approximate carb contente of eggs, chicken, butter and margarine? a- 100% b- zero c- 50%
B
what is the guideline that is set at a level 100 times less than the level at which no harmfull effects were noted in animal studies? a- alternative sweetner intake guide b- acceptable daily intake (AI) c- dietary guidelines for americains
B
what is the primary difference between fiber and starch? a- starch cannot be digested by humans but fiber can b- fiber cannot be digested by humans but starch can
B
when a person consumes fiber, inadequate fluid intake can lead to which of the following? a- increased hunger b- blockage in the intestine c- explosive diahrrea
B
which of the following are soluble fibers? a- lignin, cellulose, and most hemicellulose b- pectin, gums and mucilages
B
which of the following is a sugar alcohol? a- aspartame b- sorbitol c-neotame d-acesulfame-K
B
which of the following is consiered a non-nutritive sweetener yet it contains 4kcal/gram? a- saccharin b-aspartame c-neotame
B
which of the following is the sugar alcohol? a- cyclamate b- xylitol c- sucrose
B
Anna's blood test showed that her fasting blood sugar was 150 mg/dl. according to this she is : a- hypoglycemic b- normoglycemic c- hyperglycemic
C
all sweetners are compared to the sweetness found in: a- maltose b- lactose c- sucrose
C
of the following polysaccarides which is digested most rapidly? a- cellulose b- lignins c- amylopectin d- amylose
C
stevia is an alternative sweetner derived from: a- fructose b- sucrose c- a south american shrub d- amino acids
C
what percentage of americans show signs of lactose maldigestion? a- 50 b- 75 c- 25
C
which non-nutritive sweetner is sold under the brand name nutra sweet and equal? a- neotame b- saccharin c- aspartame
C
which of the following is true about people with primary lactose intolerance? a- hard cheese and yogurt are not well tolerated b- their disease is caused by chron's disease or severe diahrrea c- they can usually tolerate 1/2 to 1 cup of milk with meals
C
The ADI of Aspartame is 50mg/kg body weight/day. This is equivalent to: a- 10 fruit desserts b- 5 sugar donuts c- 80 packs of equal d- 18 diet soft drinks
C,D
at what inital level are triglyceride levels considered to be too high? a- 100 mg/dl b- 125 c- 200 d- 150
D
glycogen is stored in the liver and can be released by the hormone_____. a- protease b- thyroxine c- insulin d- glucagon
D
individuals with type 1 diabetes have to be treated with which approach: a- immune suppressents b- weight loss c- oral medications d- insulin
D
what food is often used as a standard for comparison to determine the glycemic index? a- cereal b- eggs c- low-fat milk d- white break
D
what percent of diabetes are type 2 diabetes? a- 20 b- 70 c-50 d-90
D
when you dont consume adequate carbs, what other carb component can be used to supply energy? a- alcohol b- fiber c- glycogen d- protein
D
which grouping contains all monosacc.? a- glucose, sucrose, fructose b- lactose, fructose, sucrose c- maltose,fructose, galactose d- glucose, fructose,galactose
D
which of the following carb is indigestible by humans? a- starch b- glycogen c- sucrose d- cellulose
D
T or F : the USDA regulated the approval and usage of artifical sweetners?
False
T or F: to treat an episode of diverticulitis, individuals should increase their fiber intake
False
T or F: people with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease
True
T or F: studies have shown that nearly all individuals with decrease lactase production can tolerate 1/2 to 1 cup of milk with meals
True
Name the long, straight-chaine type of starch that makes up about 20% of digestible starch found in plants.
amylose
soluble fibers help to regulate blood glucose by: a- binding glucose in the small intestine so that it is excreted in feces b- promoting the growth of probiotic bacteria in the large intestine c- slowing absorption of glucose from the small intestine d- enhancing absorption of glucose form the small intestine
c
(glycemic index * grams of ______)/100 = glycemic load
carbohydrate
patients with hypoglycemia may need to regulate what?
carbs
sucralose is made by adding ______ to sucros.
chlorine
______ may result from excessive straining during defecation sometimes due to being constipated.
diverticula
sucrose is made up of two monosaccarides: glucose and ______.
fructose
maintaining good blood _____ control is critical to prevent long-term, diabetes-related complications
glucose
name the major monosaccaride in the body
glucose
the advantage of the branched structure of ______ is that it allows multiples enzymes to attach to its structure and break it appart quickly. a- glycogen b- glucose c- sucrose
glycogen
decrease/ increase blood sugar? insulin? glucagon?
insulin= decreases blood sugar glucagon= increases blood sugar
what are the major storage sites for glycogen?
liver and muscle
_____ is a disaccaride important in the formatin of alcoholic beverages
maltose
______, or malt sugar, has two glucose molecules bonded together
maltose
is milk a natural source of sucrose?
no
______ is an alternative sweetner that was once thought to cause bladder cancer but now is considered safe when consumed in typical amounts .
saccharin
symptoms of metabolic syndrome increase risks of: (multiple) a- type 2 diabetes b- cardiovascular diseases c- depression d- HIV
A,B
which non-nutritive sweetener cannot be used by individuals with PKU? a- aspartame b- neotame c- acesulfame-K
A
Approximately _____ of the world is lactose intolerant. a- 10 b- 50 c- 75
C
the polysaccaride, ________, is used in many frozen foods because it remains stable over a wide temperature range.
amylopectin
which of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia? a- shakiness b- bone pain c- irritability d- cramping
A, C
what are other names for complex carbs? a- starch b- polysaccaride c- table sugar d- disaccaride
A,B
which of the following influence glycemic index? a- physical structure b- macronutrients in a meal c- fluid content
A,B
which of the following are common sources of amylose? a- beans b- breads c- veggies d- milk
A,B,C
which of the following are possible fates of carbs once it has been absorbed? a- released directly into the bloodstream for use by organs b- producing fat c- producing glycogen d- used for tissue repair
A,B,C
which of the following artificial sweeteners are currently available in the food supply in the US? a- neotame b- aspartame c- acesulfame-K d- cyclamate
A,B,C
which of the following foods are useful for managing blood glucose sugar levels? a- apple b- oatmeal c- kidney beans d- white bread
A,B,C
in addition to traditional symptoms of diabetes (excessive thirst, urination and hunger) which of the following are also often symptoms of diabetes? a- fruity or winelike breath b- drowsiness, lethargt c- sudden weight loss d- vomitting e- loss of hearing f- sudden vision changes
A,B,C,F
in metabolic syndrome, which of the following may be elevated? a- blood pressure b- fasting glucose c- high-density lipoprotein d- triglycerides
A,B,D
which of the following are monosaccaride? a- glucose b- galactose c- sucrose d- fructose
A,B,D
which of the following are traditional symptoms of diabetes? a- frequent urination b- extreme thirst c- speedy wound healing d- blurred vision
A,B,D
which of the following foods would produce a high level of insulin to be released? a- pasta b- coca-cola c- apple d-honey
A,B,D
what are some characteristics of sugar alcohols? a- absorbed and metabolized more slowly b- have similar characteristics as fiber c- contribute fewer calories than sugar
A,C
which of the following actions help in the digestion of carbohydrates? a- cooking b- storage of food c- chewing
A,C
a high fiber diet may improve blood cholesterol measurements because: a- soluble fiber binds to cholesterol in the GI tract causing it to be excreted b- high fiber foods are rich in heart healthy HDLs and low in LDLs c- reduced insulin secretion results in lower cholesterol synthesis in the liver d- fatty acids produced during fermentation of soluble fiber in the large intestine reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver
A,C,D
which of the following are examples of simple sugars? a- fructose b- amylose c- galactose d- glucose
A,C,D
which of the following are true of polysacc.? a-they are made of single sugar units that are bonded together to form a chain b- they are disacc. c- they are found chiefly in grains, vegetable and fruit d- they are found in milk e- they are sometimes called complex carbs f- they are sometimes called simple carbs g- they are sometimes called starched
A,C,E,G
the treatment for type 2 diabetes is aimed at maintaining normal ranges of blood glucose through: a- medications b- sleep c- meditation d- lifestyle modifications
A,D
which of the following are examples of polysacc.? a- cellulose b- lactose c- maltose d- sucrose e-amylopectin f- amylose g-glycogen
A,E,F,G
The American Heart Association have set the prudent upper limit of sugar intake for women at _____calories per day. a- 1000 b- 100 c- 600 d- 300
B
______ diabetes is strongly associated with genetics, physical inactivity, poor diet and obesity a- type I diabtes b- type II diabetes
B
in the absence of carb, _____ does not break down properly. a- protein b- fat
B
which body parts can only use glucose for fuel? a- skeletal muscle b- red blood cells c- centrals nervous system
B,C
which fibers from the stuctural part of the plant cell wall in vegetables and whole grains? a- pectin b- cellulose c- hemicellulose d-lignins e-mucilages
B,C,D
which of the following are true about cellulose? a- easily digestible b- straight chain polysacc. c- insoluble fiber d- made of glucose molecules
B,C,D
which of the following foods consist mainly of carbs? a- eggs and poultry b- table sugar c- baked potatoes d- fruit
B,C,D
which of the following condition may be present in a person with metabolic syndrome? a- frequent headache b- high blood triglyceride c- high fasting glucose d- hypertension e- large waist circumference f- persistent hip pain g- low HDL cholesterol
B,C,D,E,G
which three of the following contain the highest percentage of calories from cabrs? a- fat-free milk b- jam c- table sugar d- fish e- fruit f- legumes
B,C,E
what are some natural food sources of sucrose?(multiple) a- milk b- carrots c- breakdown of starches d- maple syrup
B,D
which two monsaccarides are components of the milk sugar lactose? a- lactose b- glucose c- fructose d- galactose
B,D
which of the following food contains the greatest percentage of simple carbs? a- oatmeal b- beef c- peas d- fat free milk e- jelly
E
the two forms of starch digestible by humans are called amylose and _____.
amylopectin
