Nutrition Chapters 10, 11, 12
The recommended intake of calcium for adults is ___ mgs/day
1000-1200
The UL for sodium intake is __ mg/day
2300
Iodine deficiency often causes an enlarged thyroid gland resulting in
a goiter
In most people, hypertension results from
no obvious external cause
Of the following, ___ is the best source of zinc
red meat
A water loss of ___ of body weight can impair physical and cognitive performance
1-2%
Approximately what percentage of the adult human body is water?
60%
Which of the following individuals is at risk for dehydration?
An athlete, exercising in cool weather, An elderly woman, just returning from a 4 hour flight, A child recovering from diarrhea
Which of the following compounds has not been found to interfere with mineral absorption?
Ascorbic acid
Which of the following is false regarding the role of water in regulating body temperature?
High body temperature increases blood flow to the kidneys increasing urine production, thus dissipating excess heat
Which of the following is least likely to result in an increased need for water?
High potassium intake
Which statement describes the relationship of bone calcium to blood calcium?
If dietary calcium is low, bone calcium is sacrificed to maintain blood calcium
Which of the following is not a true statement?
Phytates in cereal enhance the absorption of iron
Which is not a plentiful source of zinc?
Saltine crackers
Which is the correct relationship between smoking and drinking and osteoporosis risk?
Smoking and drinking both increase risk
Which of the following best describes the distribution of sodium and potassium in the body?
Sodium is primarily extracellular, potassium is primarily intracellular
Which statement about chromium supplementation is the most accurate?
Supplementation may improve the symptoms of type 2 diabetes
Peak bone mass in women is typically achieved in
early adulthood
Positively and negatively charged ions in water are called
electrolytes
Sodium, chloride, and potassium in cells and body fluid are examples of
electrolytes
Postmenopausal bone loss is primarily associated with decreased levels of the hormone
estrogen
Extracellular fluid does not include
fluid within the cells
The best source of potassium per calorie comes from
fruits and vegetables
Iron is a component of protein, ____ that binds and transports oxygen in the bloodstream.
hemoglobin
The DASH diet is
high in potassium, calcium and magnesium while low in sodium
Diets high in sodium have been linked to ___ in some people
hypertension
Iodine deficiency during childhood and adolescence has been known to cause
impair mental function
Drinking plain water after a long period of excessive sweating can do all of the following except
increase potassium in the blood causing high blood pressure
Chromium is thought to work by
interacting with the insulin receptor
Healthy blood pressure is defined as ___ mm of mercury
less than 120/80
ALl of the following decrease the risk of osteoporosis except
low body weight
The shrinking of a strawberry from water loss after being sprinkled with sugar is an example of
osmosis
Significant loss of bone mass and increased risk of fractures associated with aging is termed
osteoporosis
The DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) diet is best characterized by
plenty of fruits, vegetables and whole grains, with lean protein and low-fat dairy foods
Which of the following is not likely to result from prolonged low calcium intake?
problems with cell signaling and regulation
Good sources of magnesium include all of the following except
processed foods
All of the following occur when the concentration of sodium in the blood rises except
renin is released
Good sources of potassium include all of the following except
snack crackers
The following minerals all compete with each other for absorption except
sodium
In the United States, the typical diet is high in ___ and low in ___
sodium and chloride; potassium
Nerve conduction and muscle contraction depend on which minerals?
sodium and potassium
Which of the following is NOT a good source of heme iron?
spinach
Marginal chromium deficiency has been linked to
type 2 diabetes
When the intake of ___ is high, copper absorption into the blood is inhibited
zinc
Which statement is false regarding the function of zinc in the body?
zinc is needed for synthesis of vitamin E
Most of the magnesium in the body is in
bones
Phosphorus is essential for energy production since it is a part of
ATP
Which is not a factor in determining the rates of iron absorption?
Blood glucose levels
Which is the false statement about absorption of calcium?
Calcium absorption decreases during pregnancy
Which statement concerning magnesium deficiency is FALSE?
Deficiency is common in the general population
Which is the most sensitive indicator of iron stores in the body?
Ferritin
Which statement concerning electrolyte imbalance is true?
It can cause sudden heart failure, It can occur in anorexia nervosa, It can disturb acid base balance
Which of the following would not enhance absorption of the iron found in supplements?
Taking it with a calcium supplement
Which of the following is not a typical reason why women are at increased risk of osteoporosis?
The hormonal changes that accompany menopause affect appetite for calcium-containing foods.
Which group could benefit form calcium supplements if needs are not met by diet
Young people who have not yet achieved peak bone mass, Post-menopausal women, Individuals with decreased bone density.
The matrix of bones is
a protein framework, made up primarily of collagen, embedded with hydroxyapatite
Most of the salt consumed by AMericans is
added to food during processing and manufacturing
High blood pressure results in all of the following except
an increased diabetes risk
Iron stores that are higher than normal but not at a toxic level may be associated with
an increased risk of cancer and heart disease
All of the following are adequate sources of nonheme iron EXCEPT
apples
Which of the following is the POOREST source of iodine?
apricots
The primary role of iodine in the body is
as a component of thyroid hormones
After 35 to 45 years of age
bone breakdown exceeds bone formation
The most abundant mineral in the body is
calcium
