Nutrition Chapters 10, 11, 12

The recommended intake of calcium for adults is ___ mgs/day

1000-1200

The UL for sodium intake is __ mg/day

2300

Iodine deficiency often causes an enlarged thyroid gland resulting in

a goiter

In most people, hypertension results from

no obvious external cause

Of the following, ___ is the best source of zinc

red meat

A water loss of ___ of body weight can impair physical and cognitive performance

1-2%

Approximately what percentage of the adult human body is water?

60%

Which of the following individuals is at risk for dehydration?

An athlete, exercising in cool weather, An elderly woman, just returning from a 4 hour flight, A child recovering from diarrhea

Which of the following compounds has not been found to interfere with mineral absorption?

Ascorbic acid

Which of the following is false regarding the role of water in regulating body temperature?

High body temperature increases blood flow to the kidneys increasing urine production, thus dissipating excess heat

Which of the following is least likely to result in an increased need for water?

High potassium intake

Which statement describes the relationship of bone calcium to blood calcium?

If dietary calcium is low, bone calcium is sacrificed to maintain blood calcium

Which of the following is not a true statement?

Phytates in cereal enhance the absorption of iron

Which is not a plentiful source of zinc?

Saltine crackers

Which is the correct relationship between smoking and drinking and osteoporosis risk?

Smoking and drinking both increase risk

Which of the following best describes the distribution of sodium and potassium in the body?

Sodium is primarily extracellular, potassium is primarily intracellular

Which statement about chromium supplementation is the most accurate?

Supplementation may improve the symptoms of type 2 diabetes

Peak bone mass in women is typically achieved in

early adulthood

Positively and negatively charged ions in water are called

electrolytes

Sodium, chloride, and potassium in cells and body fluid are examples of

electrolytes

Postmenopausal bone loss is primarily associated with decreased levels of the hormone

estrogen

Extracellular fluid does not include

fluid within the cells

The best source of potassium per calorie comes from

fruits and vegetables

Iron is a component of protein, ____ that binds and transports oxygen in the bloodstream.

hemoglobin

The DASH diet is

high in potassium, calcium and magnesium while low in sodium

Diets high in sodium have been linked to ___ in some people

hypertension

Iodine deficiency during childhood and adolescence has been known to cause

impair mental function

Drinking plain water after a long period of excessive sweating can do all of the following except

increase potassium in the blood causing high blood pressure

Chromium is thought to work by

interacting with the insulin receptor

Healthy blood pressure is defined as ___ mm of mercury

less than 120/80

ALl of the following decrease the risk of osteoporosis except

low body weight

The shrinking of a strawberry from water loss after being sprinkled with sugar is an example of

osmosis

Significant loss of bone mass and increased risk of fractures associated with aging is termed

osteoporosis

The DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) diet is best characterized by

plenty of fruits, vegetables and whole grains, with lean protein and low-fat dairy foods

Which of the following is not likely to result from prolonged low calcium intake?

problems with cell signaling and regulation

Good sources of magnesium include all of the following except

processed foods

All of the following occur when the concentration of sodium in the blood rises except

renin is released

Good sources of potassium include all of the following except

snack crackers

The following minerals all compete with each other for absorption except

sodium

In the United States, the typical diet is high in ___ and low in ___

sodium and chloride; potassium

Nerve conduction and muscle contraction depend on which minerals?

sodium and potassium

Which of the following is NOT a good source of heme iron?

spinach

Marginal chromium deficiency has been linked to

type 2 diabetes

When the intake of ___ is high, copper absorption into the blood is inhibited

zinc

Which statement is false regarding the function of zinc in the body?

zinc is needed for synthesis of vitamin E

Most of the magnesium in the body is in

bones

Phosphorus is essential for energy production since it is a part of

ATP

Which is not a factor in determining the rates of iron absorption?

Blood glucose levels

Which is the false statement about absorption of calcium?

Calcium absorption decreases during pregnancy

Which statement concerning magnesium deficiency is FALSE?

Deficiency is common in the general population

Which is the most sensitive indicator of iron stores in the body?

Ferritin

Which statement concerning electrolyte imbalance is true?

It can cause sudden heart failure, It can occur in anorexia nervosa, It can disturb acid base balance

Which of the following would not enhance absorption of the iron found in supplements?

Taking it with a calcium supplement

Which of the following is not a typical reason why women are at increased risk of osteoporosis?

The hormonal changes that accompany menopause affect appetite for calcium-containing foods.

Which group could benefit form calcium supplements if needs are not met by diet

Young people who have not yet achieved peak bone mass, Post-menopausal women, Individuals with decreased bone density.

The matrix of bones is

a protein framework, made up primarily of collagen, embedded with hydroxyapatite

Most of the salt consumed by AMericans is

added to food during processing and manufacturing

High blood pressure results in all of the following except

an increased diabetes risk

Iron stores that are higher than normal but not at a toxic level may be associated with

an increased risk of cancer and heart disease

All of the following are adequate sources of nonheme iron EXCEPT

apples

Which of the following is the POOREST source of iodine?

apricots

The primary role of iodine in the body is

as a component of thyroid hormones

After 35 to 45 years of age

bone breakdown exceeds bone formation

The most abundant mineral in the body is

calcium