Nutrition Exam 2

A ________ has three fatty acids attached to glycerol.

triglyceride

cis fatty acids vs. trans fatty acids

Cis fatty acid - causes the carbon chain to bend Trans Fatty acid - allows the carbon chain to remain straighter.

Family, history of CBD and increasing age are _______ risk factors for arteriosclerosis.

Non-modifiable

In omega-3 fatty acid is _________.

Unsaturated

The dietary guidelines for Americans ( acceptable macronutrient range) recommends that adult should keep daily fat intake ____________.

Between 20 and 35% of total calories

When a person consumes 4 to 5 or more drinks on a single occasion, he, or she is labeled as a _____ drinker.

Binge

The hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile in the pancreas relief digestive enzymes is called

Cholecystokinin

The fat related information on the nutrition facts panel includes total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, and _______.

Cholesterol

avoid sucrose and fructose

decreases triglyceride levels

Excess body fat around the abdomen is associated with

-elevated LDL cholesterol -elevated triglycerides

light drinker

1 to 13 drinks/month

Choose functions of cholecystokinin

- signals the gallbladder to contract and release bile - Signals, the pancreas, to secrete digestive enzymes

Choose functions of cholecystokinin.

- signals the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes - Signals the gallbladder to contract and release bile

When you are eating and drinking alcohol during a meal, the food in the meal __________.

- slows the rate at which alcohol appears in your blood - Delays alcohol absorption from the stomach

Choose the major forms of cardiovascular disease

- stroke - Heart disease - Peripheral artery disease - Chronic high blood pressure

Which of the following information about fat is required on the nutrition facts panel?

- trans fat in grams - Cholesterol in milligrams - Saturated fat in grams - Total fat in grams - calories from fat

What is the difference in calories between a gram of fat and a gram of carbohydrate?

5 kcal

Iconic process, the negatively affects the function of arteries, and is the cause of most cardiovascular diseases is

Atherosclerosis

____ is the long-term process in which plaque build up inside artery walls.

Atherosclerosis

Lipids or fats include ______.

Cholesterol

Alcohol can affect

Every system in the body

Which fatty acids are considered essential fatty acids?

alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid

Most cases of heart disease, and stroke result from

atherosclerosis

cis fatty acids vs. trans fatty acids

cis - hydrogens on same side of the double bond, U formation. most are unsaturated acids trans - hydrogens on opposite sides of double bond. linear

Acceptable macronutrient distribution range for _________ is 20% to 35% of total calories

fat

What are some common signs of brain damage that can occur in the heavy drinker?

memory loss and confusion

The most common forms of cardiovascular disease in the US include

stroke and coronary artery disease

_____ fats produced during the hydrogenation process closely resemble the structure of _____ fats due to the altered chemical structure that results during this process.

trans and saturated

Phospholipids contain a _________ portion, which attracts water, and a __________ portion, which repels water.

hydrophilic, hydrophobic

Non-modifiable risk factors for CVD include

-family history of CVD -increasing age

What are the structural components of a triglyceride?

- three attached fatty acids glycerol backbone - Glycerol backbone

Lipids are class a micro nutrients that include _____, _______, ________, ______.

- triglycerides - Fatty acids - Phospholipids - Cholesterol

The four major classes of Lipo proteins are

- very low density lipoprotein - High density lipoprotein - low density lipoprotein - Chylomicrons

A long fatty acid chain is defined as _________.

A fatty acid that contains 14 or more carbon atoms in length.

What does it mean when a fatty acid is considered essential?

It must be supplied by the die, in order to maintain health.

What does it mean when a fatty acid is considered essential?

It must be supplied by the diet in order to maintain health.

abstainer drinker

Less than 12 drinks a year

Fat and cholesterol's are ________, a class of nutrients

Lipids

Lipo proteins are water soluble structures that transport _________ through the bloodstream.

Lipids

One and three adult Americans suffer from some form of ________ disease, which includes heart disease and stroke.

Cardiovascular, CVD, coronary, heart, cardiac

True or False: Fatty acids are always saturated?

False

Describe the digestion and absorption of alcohol

Alcohol requires no digestion

________ has an uncontrolled need to drink, and is unable to limit his or her alcohol consumption

Alcoholic

Cholesterol is found only in foods from _______ products.

Animal

Which statement is true about the hydrogenation process?

It produces trans fats.

You just eat a food item containing 5 g of fat, which means that the food provides ________ kcal from fat

(9 X 5 = 45)

What are the causes of confusion in memory loss often seen in chronic heavy drinkers

- neuron shrink - Alcohol disrupts the ability of neurons in the brain to transmit messages - Brain develop structural abnormalities

Lipo proteins carry different amounts of _____

- phospholipids - Cholesterol - Protein

Which of the following contribute to unwanted weight gain?

- physical inactivity - Excess calorie consumption

Lipo proteins carry different amounts of

- protein - Cholesterol - Phospholipids

According to the dietary guidelines for Americans ( acceptable macronutrient distribution range AMDR), adult should keep their daily distribution of fat calories between _______ to ________ percent of their total calories.

20% - 35%

Heavy drinker

3 or more drinks a day

moderate drinker

4 to 14 drinks a week

An individual with an acceptable total cholesterol level may still be at risk for atherosclerosis. What additional cholesterol measurement should be evaluated to provide a more accurate risk assessment?

HDL and LDL cholesterol

A saturated fatty acid is completely filled with ______.

Hydrogen atoms

When a molecule attracts water, it is called ______

Hydrophilic

How many kcals are in 1 g of fat

9 kcals

What is true about alcohol?

Alcohol is not a nutrient Commercial alcoholic beverages are made from yeast production Simple sugars in the absence of oxygen, produced alcohol, a metabolic waste

There is _________ evidence that low to moderate amount of hot alcohol, impair, strength, and endurance

Conflicting

Registered dietitian nutritionist often promote the _______ for reducing blood, lipids and CVD

Traditional Mediterranean diet

Alcohol works as a __________, suppressing the production of the antidiuretic hormone

Diuretic

What is the chemical structure of an omega-3 fatty acid?

It contains the first carbon-carbon double bond on the third carbon from the omega end of the carbon chain.

What transports lipids from the small intestine and liver to the body tissues?

Lipo proteins

Trans Fatty acids resemble saturated fatty acids, and provide properties of _______ saturated fatty acids to foods that contain then.

Long chain

Which statement is true about essential fatty acids?

Only alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are considered essential.

What are some signs of alcohol dependency?

Shakiness and increased tolerance

Alcohol

Suppresses the production of ATH by the pituitary gland and causes the kid needs to excrete more urine.

You would be at increased risk of heart disease, if

Your father was diagnosed with CVD before 55 years of age

Fatty acids can be _______ or ________.

saturated or unsaturated

A type of prescription drug that reduces a persons elevated blood lipid levels?

statins

_______ fatty acids must be supplied by the diet, where as _________ fatty acids, can be synthesized by the body, and do not need to be supplied by the diet.

Essential; non-essential

True or false: a person with the blood cholesterol level of 200 mg/dl does not have a risk for atherosclerosis .

False

By reading the nutritional facts panel, you can determine how much ________ are in most packaged foods

- cholesterol - Saturated fat - Trans fat - Total fat

When a person consumes 45 drinks or more on a single occasion here she is labeled as a

Binge drinker

The diarrhetic effect of alcohol is to ______ the excretion of body water.

Increase

When excess body fat is stored ___________, it is associated with unhealthy, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

Near the midsection of the body

Drink small amounts of alcohol

Raises, beneficial HDL cholesterol levels

True or false: long fatty acid chains contain 14 to 24 Carbons?

True

True or false: the chemical process that produces alcohol is not complicated and occurs naturally.

True

The hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile in the pancreas to release digestive enzymes is called

cholecystokinin

A lipid found only in foods that contain animal products is _____.

cholesterol

Eat rich sources of fiber

Reduces LDL cholesterol

_____ fatty acids consist entirely of carbon to carbon single bonds.

Saturated

Which form of unsaturated fatty acid contains a chemical similar to that of a saturated fatty acid?

Trans