Nutrition Exam 2 ANSWERS

stroke

A __________ occurs when blood flow is restricted to portions of the brain tissue A. myocardial infarction B. angina pectoris C. aneurysm D. stroke

marasmus

A form of malnutrition, _________ results form a severe deprivation of protein and calories. It strikes in early childhood, develops slowly, and is marked by severe weight loss, severe muscle wasting, and no body fat A. marasmus B. kwashiorkor C. anorexia nervosa D. cachexia

fatty globule encapsulated in bile acids/salts

A micelle is a/an A. enzyme that digests dietary lipid in the intestine B. lipoprotein C. fatty globule encapsulated in bile acids/salts D. fat soluble hormone

only single

A saturated fatty acid contains ______ carbon to carbon bonds A. only single B. only double C. more single than double D. more double than single

maintaining fluid balance

Albumin plays an important role in: A. maintaing fluid balance B. the health of the digestive system C. carbohydrate digestion D. providing energy to the body during a fast

milk and dairy products

All of the following are rich sources of dietary fiber except: A. fruits B. vegetables C. whole grains D. milk and dairy products

vegetable oil

All of the following food sources contain cholesterol EXCEPT: A. vegetable oil B. breast milk C. Cow's milk D. butter

grains

All of the following foods are examples of a complete protein except: A. eggs B. grains C. soy protein D. dairy products

very high fiber diets can cause malabsorption

Although dietary fiber can be beneficial, diets that include excessive amounts (>50 g/day) can be problematic. Why? A. very high fiber diets promote ketosis B. very high fiber diets are linked to diverticulosis C. very high fiber diets can cause malabsorption D. very high diets are linked to weight gain

conditionally essential

Amino acids that are only essential due to medical conditions or a lifespan period are termed: A. nonessential B. essential C. conditionally essential D. dispensable

an agent that allows fat and water to mix

An emulsifier is: A. a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol to cells B. an enzyme that helps digest triglycerides C. an agent that allows fat and water to mix D. formed in the small intestine when droplets of lipid are surrounded by bile acids

inflammatory

Atherosclerosis develops over time and is characterized as a/an _________ process A. autoimmune B. inflammatory C. hydrophobic D. allergic

quaternary

Because hemoglobin consists of four polypeptide chains and incorporates a prosthetic group, it is said to have a _______ structure A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quaternary

long and saturated

Because lard is a solid at room temp, most of its fatty acids are: A. long and saturated B. short and saturated C. long and unsaturated D. short and unsaturated

both A and B

Consuming a food with high glycemic index would result in: A. a significant rise in blood glucose B. a significant release of insulin C. both A and B D. neither A or B

urea

Deamination of amino acids produces the toxic substance, ammonia, which is then converted to: A. urea B. energy C. amino acids D. nitrogen compounds for body

nondigestible plant polysaccharides

Dietary Fiber is best defined as: A. carbohydrates in plant foods B. nondigestible plant polysaccharides C. plant sources of carbohydrates D. foods rich in carbohydrates

after the consumption of meal

During which of the following scenarios would the pancreas release a large amount of insulin? A. after the consumption of meal B. after prolonged fasting (in the morning before breakfast) C. running a marathon or other long exercise session D. none of the above

dental cavities

High intakes of sugar (sucrose) causes A. diabetes B. dental cavities C. hyperactivity D. all of the above

symptoms appear often more rapidly and severely in type 1 diabetes

How are the symptoms of type 1 diabetes most likely to differ from those of type 2 A. fatigue is present only in type 1 diabetes B. frequent urination occurs only in type 1 diabetes C. thirst is excessive only in type 1 diabetes D. symptoms appear often more rapidly and severely in type 1 diabetes

9

How many amino acids does the healthy human body need to consume from the diet? A. none B. 9 C. 11 D. 20

diabetes

Hyperglycemia is the key characteristic of: A. atherosclerosis B. diabetes C. hypertension D. myocardinal infarction

beta cells of the pancreas

In the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes, the ______ are damaged/destroyed A. beta cells of the pancreas B. enterocytes of the small intestine C. hepatic cells of the liver D. nephrons of the kidney

peptide

In the forming of a protein, amino acids are linked by what specific type of bond A. covalent B. hydrogen C. ionic D. peptide

elevated

Joe's doctor is concerned that Joe might be diabetic and orders a fasted oral glucose tolerance test performed. One hour after drinking the glucose load, what will his blood glucose levels be like in comparison to his fasted blood glucose if he is diabetic A. elevated B. virtually the same to is fasted levels C. dangerously low

is caused by a deficiency in lactase

Lactose intolerance: A. cannot be treated B. is caused by an allergy to lactase C. is caused by a deficiency in lactase D. is an autoimmune disease E. all of the above

monounsaturated fatty acids

Olive and canola oil are rich sources of: A. saturated fatty acids B. monounsaturated fatty acids C. polyunsaturated fatty acids D. cholesterol

100% whole

Penny has learned in her intro to nutrition class that dietary fibers has many health benefits and decideds to try to increase her intake of whole grains. Which of the following words/phrases should Penny look for on the ingredients list to indicate that the product she is buying has significant amounts of whole grains? A. enriched B. 100% whole C. hydrogenated D. refined E. all the above

alternative sweeteners

Saccharin, aspartame, sucralose, and stevia are all classified as: A. nutritive sweeteners B. alternative sweeteners C. simple sugars D. polysaccharides

genetic alteration in the DNA

Sickle-cell anemia results from a malformation of the hemoglobin protein due to A. insufficient intake of protein and calories associated malnutrition B. insufficient intake of limiting amino acid C. acidosis (and subsequent denaturing of the protein) D. genetic alteration in the DNA

diverticulitis

The GI tract condition characterized by inflammation of pouched protruding from the colon is: A. diverticulitis B. diverticulosis C. hemorrhoids D. celiac disease

all the amino acids in body tissues and fluids available for protein synthesis

The amino acid pool refers to: A. total amino acid content of an individual's daily intake B. al the amino acids in body tissues and fluids available for protein synthesis C. the number of amino acids contained in a single protein molecule D. a comparison of the number of nonessential amino acids made compared to the number of nonessential amino acids broken down each day

glucagon

The breakdown of the body's glycogen (to increase glucose levels) is stimulated by the hormone: A. insulin B. glucagon C. pepsin D. lipase

amino acids

The building blocks of proteins are: A. polypeptides B. peptide bonds C. amino acids D. R-groups

sucrose

The enzyme that cleaves (breaks) table sugar is: A. maltase B.amylase C. lactase D. sucrose

supply all of the essential amino acids

The purpose of protein complementation is to: A. increase bioavailability B. increase protein absorption C. supply all of the essential amino acids D. increase protein digestion

glycogen

The storage form of carbohydrates in humans and other animals is: A. amylopectin B. amylose C. glycogen D. starch

added sugars; dietary fiber

The typical American diet is characterized by high amounts of __________ and low intakes of _________ A. added sugars; dietary fiber B. polysaccharides; starches C. low glycemic foods; high glycemic foods D. starched; simple sugars

false

True or False. All polysaccharides are indigestible

true

True or false. All type 1 diabetics will require insulin therapy

rising rates of overweight/obesity

What explains the rising rates of type 2 diabetes A. high intakes of added sugar B. better diagnosis and screening by physicians C. rising rates of overweight/obesity D. the cause is unknown

both A&B

When a protein is denatured it loses its: A. 3-D structure B. function C. nutritive value D. both a&b E. all

artery walls

Where do atherosclerotic plaques develop? A. artery walls B. veins C. aortic values D. surface of lipoproteins

equal (aspartame)

Which of the following artificial sweeteners contains phenylalanine and thus poses a potential risk to people with PKU A. equal (aspartame) B. splenda (sucrolose) C. sweet and low (saccharine) D. all

all of the above

Which of the following classes of nutrients is organic? A. carbohydrates B. proteins C. lipids D. all of the above

the amino acid sequence

Which of the following describes the primary structure of an amino acid A. the amino acid sequence B. the folding between R-groups (side chains) C. the three dimensional structure D. the complex structure formed by several polypeptide chains

meats

Which of the following food groups provide negligible (very little or any) dietary carbohydrate? A. dairy foods B. meats C. beans and legumes D. fruits and vegetables

they tend to be large when born (macrosomia)

Which of the following is true of infants born to mother with poorly controlled diabetes A. they tend to be underweight B. they are at risk for developing cognitive delays C. they tend to be large when born (macrosomia) D. they are often born with type 1 diabetes

elevated HDL cholesterol level

Which of the following would be considered positive (healthy) in terms of assessing for cardiovascular risk? A. elevated HDL cholesterol level B. elevated LDL cholesterol level C. blood pressure of at least 130/90 D. total blood cholesterol of 250 mg/dl

gestational; type 2

_________ diabetes develops in 4-7% of pregnant women and increases their lifetime risk for developing ______ diabetes A. secondary; gestational B. type 1; type 2 C. type 2; secondary D. gestational; type 2

CRP

_________ is a biochemical measure of inflammation that may increase the risk of a heart attack A. HDL B. hemoglobin A C. CRP (c-reactive protein) D. serum albumin

gluconeogenesis

__________ is the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources A. glycolysis B. gluconeogenesis C. hydrogenation D. hydrolysis

cardiovascular disease

individuals with the metabolic syndrome are at high risk for developing _________. A. osteoporosis B. cardiovascular disease C. diverticulosis D. lactose intolerance

false

true or false. HDL's deliver cholesterol to tissues that use it for structural and metabolic purposes

false

true or false. a stroke is always less serious than a heart attack

true

true or false. in general, men develop heart disease earlier in life than women

true

true or false. lipid is the most concentrated source of energy among all nutrients

true

true or false. men and women may have different symptoms when they experience a myocardial infraction

they arise when unsaturated fats are hydrogenated

which of the following statements is true about trans fatty acids A. they are made abundantly in the body B. their amounts are not listed on food labels C. they occur naturally in many foods D. they arise when unsaturated fats are hydrogenated