NUTRITION Final

According to body mass index values, what fraction of the U.S. adult population is considered overweight or obese?

2/3

what is the recommended value for fiber when expressed in g per 2000 kcal

25

alcohol is not a nutrient but it yields energy per gram of alcohol yields how many kcals of energy

7

what is a normal range (mg/dL) for blood glucose

70-100

What is the amino acid pool?

A mix of essential and nonessential amino acids derived from protein breakdown and dietary protein intake

which of the following metabolic reactions occurs when a cell uses energy

ATP releases a phosphate group and becomes ADP

what are the principles of diet planning

Adequacy, balance, kcalorie control, nutrient density, moderation, and variety

which of the following defines a coenzyme

An organic molecule required for the functioning of an enzyme

all of the following sets of values are included in the dietary reference intakes EXCEPT

LUT

Fatty acid oxidation results in the direct production of

acetyl CoA

which of the following products is NOT generated via the TCA cycle or electron transport chain

ammonia

what are the three most common eating disorders in order from highest to lower prevalence

binge eating, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa

what instrument is used to measure the energy content of foods

bomb calorimeter

what is the major sterol in a omnivorous diet

cholesterol

what lipoprotein is largest in size

chylomicron

which of the following is most likely to result from insufficient intake of fiber

constipation

which of the following is a function of sphincter muscles

control the passage of food through the GI tract

A person with chronic diarrhea is at risk for which of the following?

dehydration

what is the process by which heat or acidity disrupts the normal shape of a protein chain

denaturation

the process by which food is broken down into absorbable components is called

digestion

Lipids differ in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to their number of

double bonds

what is the function of bile

emulsifies fats

which of the following are found on the microvilli and function to break apart small nutrients into final products of digestion

enzymes

what primary factor governs the quality o

essential amino acid content

A nutrient needed by the body and that must be supplied by foods is termed a(n)

essential nutrient

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) are based on the

estimated average requirement EAR

The major cause of insulin resistance is related to

excess body weight

moderate alcohol consumption is beneficial for age 18-34

false

what is the sequence of stages that brings about advanced liver disease causes by chronic alcohol toxicity

fat accumulation, fibrosis, cirrhosis

gram for gram which of the following provides the most enegery

fats

which of the following is a feature of anorexia nervosa

frequently results in a BMI less than 17

when blood glucose concentration falls what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose

glucagon

which of the following CANNOT be formed from acetyl CoA molecules

glucose

which of the following is known as blood sugar or dextrose

glucose

which of the following is NOT a common dietary source of carbohydrate

glycogen

which of the following outlines the overall sequence of events in the complete oxidation of glucose

glycolysis, TCA cycle, electron transport chain

Jenny is 34 years old and has a BMI of 28. Her body type could be described as "pear-like." John is 55 years old with a BMI of 28, and a body type that is "apple-like." Why is John more likely than Jenny to be at risk for degenerative diseases?

he has central obesity

among top 10 causes of death, what four diseases are nutrition related

heart disease cancer stroke diabetes

a person eating lost of white bread, white rice, and ready-to-eat cereals would have a diet with a glycemic index that is

high

which of the following diets promotes the greatest loss of body heat

high protein, low fat

which of the following is a characteristic of the lipoprotein lipase enzyme

in men, the enzyme activity is high in abdominal fat cells

which of the following is a consequence of excess protein intake

increased production and excretion of urea

which of the following CANNOT add fat to the body

inorganic nutrients

A feature of catabolic reactions is that they

involve release of energy

in vegetarians the RDA is higher for

iron

which of the following is NOT a characteristic of glucose

it is sweeter tasting than sucrose

which of the following is a feature of an essential amino acid

it must be supplied by the diet

which of the following is used to determine the presence of abnormal functions inside the body due to a nutrient deficiency

laboratory tests

The Cori cycle involves the interconversion of

lactate and glucose

what is the principle carbohydrate of milk

lactose

In the time between meals, what organ releases glucose to help maintain normal blood glucose levels?

liver

Your father, who has a high blood ammonia concentration, most likely has a poorly functioning

liver

which of the following substances CANNOT be absorbed directly into the blood

long chain fatty acids

Your roommate Bob has just come back from the doctor where he was subjected to a blood lipid profile analysis. The doctor provided him with dietary changes because the cholesterol results put him at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Which of the following results is consistent with the diagnosis?

low HDL and high LDL

what type of diet is associated with the development of ketosis

low carbohydrate

What is the main explanation for the difference in basal metabolic rates between males and females of the same body weight?

males have a higher percentage of lean body mass

A typical cell contains "powerhouses," which is another name for the

mitochondria

In what organ does the digestion process begin?

mouth

what two systems regulate all digestive/absorptive processes

nervous and endocrine

which of the following is a healthy choice for protein in the USDA Food Patterns

nuts

microorganisms in food that are viable when consumed and that are beneficial to health are known as

probiotics

which of the following is NOT among the functions of the liver

production of red blood cells

what is the most satiating macronutrient

protein

which of the following is an example of a macronutrient

protein

nutrient dense refers to food that

provide more nutrients relative to kcalories

what is the primary factor that differentiates bulimia nervosa from binge eating

pruging is rarely practiced in binge eating disorger

Who would be the most appropriate person to consult regarding nutrition information?

registered dietitian

After digestion and absorption, an amino acid not used to build protein will first be subjected to

removal of its amino group

What type of deficiency is caused by inadequate absorption of a nutrient?

secondary

which of the following is the major site of nutrients digestion and absorption

small intestine

which of the following is a feature of phospholipids

soluble in both water and fat

which of the following is NOT a typical component of stool

starch

what is the primary function of insulin

stimulates intestinal carbohydrate absorption

which of the following is the bodys first response to the absorption of abundant amounts of carbohydrate

synthesis and storage of glycogen

which of the following statements is NOT characteristic of enzymes

they are involved in synthesis reactions only

Tom was overweight when he was 13. During puberty he continued to gain weight steadily until at age 23, when he decided to lose weight. Tom successfully lost 50 pounds. Which of the following most likely happened to Tom's fat cells?

they shrank in size but did not decrease in number

linolenic acid an omega 3 fatty acid has its first double bond on the

third carbon on the methyl end

What single behavior contributes to the most deaths in the United States?

tobacco use

blood glucose is always maintained in normal range by supplying glucose either from dietary carbohydrate or liver glycogen

true

central obesity presents greater health risk than the fat around the lower body

true

constant intake of high protein diet increases calcium excretion and accelerates kidney deterioration

true

fish is the best source of omega-3 fatty acids in animals

true

inadequate intake of carbohydrate and fat results in wasting of lean body tissues

true

saturated fat and trans fat are bad for health because they raise blood LDL and lower HDL

true

some amino acids can be used to make glucose during fasting or starvation

true

the major difference between anorexia and bulimia are the extreme restrictive dieting in anorexia and binge & purge cycle in bulimia

true

the two organs that are most sensitive to alcohol damage besides GI tract are brain and liver

true

which of the following breads has the highest fiber content

whole grain