NUTRITION Final
According to body mass index values, what fraction of the U.S. adult population is considered overweight or obese?
2/3
what is the recommended value for fiber when expressed in g per 2000 kcal
25
alcohol is not a nutrient but it yields energy per gram of alcohol yields how many kcals of energy
7
what is a normal range (mg/dL) for blood glucose
70-100
What is the amino acid pool?
A mix of essential and nonessential amino acids derived from protein breakdown and dietary protein intake
which of the following metabolic reactions occurs when a cell uses energy
ATP releases a phosphate group and becomes ADP
what are the principles of diet planning
Adequacy, balance, kcalorie control, nutrient density, moderation, and variety
which of the following defines a coenzyme
An organic molecule required for the functioning of an enzyme
all of the following sets of values are included in the dietary reference intakes EXCEPT
LUT
Fatty acid oxidation results in the direct production of
acetyl CoA
which of the following products is NOT generated via the TCA cycle or electron transport chain
ammonia
what are the three most common eating disorders in order from highest to lower prevalence
binge eating, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa
what instrument is used to measure the energy content of foods
bomb calorimeter
what is the major sterol in a omnivorous diet
cholesterol
what lipoprotein is largest in size
chylomicron
which of the following is most likely to result from insufficient intake of fiber
constipation
which of the following is a function of sphincter muscles
control the passage of food through the GI tract
A person with chronic diarrhea is at risk for which of the following?
dehydration
what is the process by which heat or acidity disrupts the normal shape of a protein chain
denaturation
the process by which food is broken down into absorbable components is called
digestion
Lipids differ in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to their number of
double bonds
what is the function of bile
emulsifies fats
which of the following are found on the microvilli and function to break apart small nutrients into final products of digestion
enzymes
what primary factor governs the quality o
essential amino acid content
A nutrient needed by the body and that must be supplied by foods is termed a(n)
essential nutrient
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) are based on the
estimated average requirement EAR
The major cause of insulin resistance is related to
excess body weight
moderate alcohol consumption is beneficial for age 18-34
false
what is the sequence of stages that brings about advanced liver disease causes by chronic alcohol toxicity
fat accumulation, fibrosis, cirrhosis
gram for gram which of the following provides the most enegery
fats
which of the following is a feature of anorexia nervosa
frequently results in a BMI less than 17
when blood glucose concentration falls what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose
glucagon
which of the following CANNOT be formed from acetyl CoA molecules
glucose
which of the following is known as blood sugar or dextrose
glucose
which of the following is NOT a common dietary source of carbohydrate
glycogen
which of the following outlines the overall sequence of events in the complete oxidation of glucose
glycolysis, TCA cycle, electron transport chain
Jenny is 34 years old and has a BMI of 28. Her body type could be described as "pear-like." John is 55 years old with a BMI of 28, and a body type that is "apple-like." Why is John more likely than Jenny to be at risk for degenerative diseases?
he has central obesity
among top 10 causes of death, what four diseases are nutrition related
heart disease cancer stroke diabetes
a person eating lost of white bread, white rice, and ready-to-eat cereals would have a diet with a glycemic index that is
high
which of the following diets promotes the greatest loss of body heat
high protein, low fat
which of the following is a characteristic of the lipoprotein lipase enzyme
in men, the enzyme activity is high in abdominal fat cells
which of the following is a consequence of excess protein intake
increased production and excretion of urea
which of the following CANNOT add fat to the body
inorganic nutrients
A feature of catabolic reactions is that they
involve release of energy
in vegetarians the RDA is higher for
iron
which of the following is NOT a characteristic of glucose
it is sweeter tasting than sucrose
which of the following is a feature of an essential amino acid
it must be supplied by the diet
which of the following is used to determine the presence of abnormal functions inside the body due to a nutrient deficiency
laboratory tests
The Cori cycle involves the interconversion of
lactate and glucose
what is the principle carbohydrate of milk
lactose
In the time between meals, what organ releases glucose to help maintain normal blood glucose levels?
liver
Your father, who has a high blood ammonia concentration, most likely has a poorly functioning
liver
which of the following substances CANNOT be absorbed directly into the blood
long chain fatty acids
Your roommate Bob has just come back from the doctor where he was subjected to a blood lipid profile analysis. The doctor provided him with dietary changes because the cholesterol results put him at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Which of the following results is consistent with the diagnosis?
low HDL and high LDL
what type of diet is associated with the development of ketosis
low carbohydrate
What is the main explanation for the difference in basal metabolic rates between males and females of the same body weight?
males have a higher percentage of lean body mass
A typical cell contains "powerhouses," which is another name for the
mitochondria
In what organ does the digestion process begin?
mouth
what two systems regulate all digestive/absorptive processes
nervous and endocrine
which of the following is a healthy choice for protein in the USDA Food Patterns
nuts
microorganisms in food that are viable when consumed and that are beneficial to health are known as
probiotics
which of the following is NOT among the functions of the liver
production of red blood cells
what is the most satiating macronutrient
protein
which of the following is an example of a macronutrient
protein
nutrient dense refers to food that
provide more nutrients relative to kcalories
what is the primary factor that differentiates bulimia nervosa from binge eating
pruging is rarely practiced in binge eating disorger
Who would be the most appropriate person to consult regarding nutrition information?
registered dietitian
After digestion and absorption, an amino acid not used to build protein will first be subjected to
removal of its amino group
What type of deficiency is caused by inadequate absorption of a nutrient?
secondary
which of the following is the major site of nutrients digestion and absorption
small intestine
which of the following is a feature of phospholipids
soluble in both water and fat
which of the following is NOT a typical component of stool
starch
what is the primary function of insulin
stimulates intestinal carbohydrate absorption
which of the following is the bodys first response to the absorption of abundant amounts of carbohydrate
synthesis and storage of glycogen
which of the following statements is NOT characteristic of enzymes
they are involved in synthesis reactions only
Tom was overweight when he was 13. During puberty he continued to gain weight steadily until at age 23, when he decided to lose weight. Tom successfully lost 50 pounds. Which of the following most likely happened to Tom's fat cells?
they shrank in size but did not decrease in number
linolenic acid an omega 3 fatty acid has its first double bond on the
third carbon on the methyl end
What single behavior contributes to the most deaths in the United States?
tobacco use
blood glucose is always maintained in normal range by supplying glucose either from dietary carbohydrate or liver glycogen
true
central obesity presents greater health risk than the fat around the lower body
true
constant intake of high protein diet increases calcium excretion and accelerates kidney deterioration
true
fish is the best source of omega-3 fatty acids in animals
true
inadequate intake of carbohydrate and fat results in wasting of lean body tissues
true
saturated fat and trans fat are bad for health because they raise blood LDL and lower HDL
true
some amino acids can be used to make glucose during fasting or starvation
true
the major difference between anorexia and bulimia are the extreme restrictive dieting in anorexia and binge & purge cycle in bulimia
true
the two organs that are most sensitive to alcohol damage besides GI tract are brain and liver
true
which of the following breads has the highest fiber content
whole grain
