nutrition final

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Daily Values are based on a ___________ Calorie diet?

2000

Approximately what percentage of the U.S. population is employed in the agribusiness sector?

5%

The body on an average healthy adult is approximately ___ percent water.

50-60

the recommended dietary allowances are estimated to meet the nutrient needs of ___ percent of a healthy population group

97 to 98

The U.S. government donates surplus, unsold foods grown and raised on U.S. farms to run the

All of the answers are correct

Which of the following factors is a challenge faced by present-day farmers?

All of the answers are correct

A sustainable food system is one that is

All of the answers are correct.

Cows are injected with hormones in order to

All of the answers are correct.

What is Central Obesity?

An excess storage of visceral fat in the abdominal area

why is eating a variety of foods important

No single food can provide all the required nutrients for optimal health.

which of the following is true about nutrition

Nutrition is the science of how nutrients affect our body functions and health.

Which of the following pathogens is responsible for foodborne illness in individuals who have eaten raw or undercooked eggs, poultry and meat, raw milk, and dairy products?

Salmonella

Which of the following statements regarding the third stage of alcoholic liver disease is incorrect?

It is reversible.

Which of the following terms is a system of enzymes in the liver that becomes more active as alcohol levels in the liver rise?

MEOS

Which of the following statements about vitamin B12 is false/

The body's ability to absorb this vitamin increases with age

Guillain-Barre syndrome is

a nerve disease that can occur after contracting a Campylobacter infection

which of the following is a credible source of nutrition information

a registered dietitian

Which of the following substances, when consumed during and after alcohol consumption, has been shown to cause liver damage in some cases?

acetaminophen

Proteins can be denatured or rendered inactive by which of the following factors?

acid

Which of the following compounds is an alcohol-metabolizing enzyme found in the stomach and liver?

alcohol dehydrogenase

Which of the following conditions is the second stage of alcoholic liver disease?

alcohol hepatitis

Which of the following conditions has occurred when the body's BAC levels rise to extreme levels and breathing and heart rate are interrupted?

alcohol poisoning

Which of the following terms describes a person who continues to drink even though it causes that person social, legal, and/or health problems?

alcohol use disorder

Drinking too much alcohol can interfere with the absorption and/or use of

all of the answers are correct

Which of the following pathogens can cause foodborne illnesses?

all of the answers are correct

which of the following statements is correct?

all of these statements are correct

Which of the following statements regarding potassium is correct?

all the answers are correct

Denaturation of a protein results in

alterations in the protein's function.

a healthy diet includes the key principles of

balance, variety, and moderation of nutrient dense foods

which of the following is an example of a phytochemical?

beta carotene

To promote fat digestion, the gallbladder releases ___ into the small intestine.

bile

____ is made in the liver, is stored in the gallbladder, and emulsifies fat for digestion.

bile

________ is the application of biological techniques to living cells to alter their genetic makeup.

biotechnology

An individual who ate home-canned beans and several hours later experienced double vision and trouble speaking likely has

botulism

Proteins that minimize fluctuations in pH are known as

buffers

Which of the following elements is a major mineral of bone?

calcium

nutrients that provide energy include

carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

Which of the following areas of the brain is affected first by alcohol?

cerebral cortex

An ovo-vegetarian will eat all of the following except

cheese

The mixture that leaves the stomach for the small intestine is called ____.

chyme

Which of the following conditions will not destroy the vitamin content of foods?

cold

Which of the following molecules is a protein that provides structural support to body tissues?

collagen

Which of the following substances are compounds in alcohol that may contribute to hangover symptoms?

congeners

If a food label says "Organic" and/or displays the USDA Organic seal, then the food

contains less than 70 percent organic ingredients

Endotoxin, released by bacteria in the intestines, can cause the liver to release damaging compounds called

cytokines

ingredients are listed on a food label in

descending order by weight

the main tools that can help plan a healthy diet are

dietary guidelines for americans, DRIs, MyPlate, and nutrition facts

The protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) takes into account both the amino acid profile and the ___ of a protein.

digestibility

which of the following statements is true abt our food choices

eating is an important part of social events

Which answer best describes an energy deficit?

energy input = energy output

chemicals that break down food into nutrient components to be absorbed are called ___.

enzymes

proteins that act as biological catalysts and speed up chemical reactions are

enzymes

The ____ protects the trachea while swallowing.

epiglottis

the average amount of a nutrient that is known to meet the needs of 50% in a similar age range and gender group is the

estimated average requirement

What nutrient must enter the lymphatic system before entering the bloodstream?

fat

The building blocks of lipids are ___.

fatty acids

In which of the following processes does yeast convert sugars in fruit into ethanol?

fermentation

Which of the following vitamins is important in a woman's diet before she conceives a baby?

folate

which of the following is true about our food choices

foods that are easily accessible are more likely to be eaten

When the diet is deficient in carbohydrates, the body will ____.

form ketone bodies

Oxygen-containing molecules that can damage cells and possibly contribute to the increased risk of certain chronic diseases are called

free radicals

Which of the following actions is the best way to reduce your chances of catching a cold?

frequent hand-washing with soap and water

Foods that have a positive effect on health beyond providing basic nutrients are called _____.

functional foods

Your body produces more of this hormone during fasting in order to stimulate hunger, and it produces less after food is consumed.

ghrelin

The primary source of energy for the body is _____.

glucose

The storage form of glucose in the body is ____.

glycogen

The breakdown of glycogen is called ____.

glycogenolysis

Thomas has a height of 72 inches and a weight 170 pounds. According to his BMI, would Thomas be underweight, healthy weight, overweight, or obese according to his BMI?

healthy weight

In order, beginning with the top cause, the three leading causes of death in the United States are ______.

heart disease, cancer, and stroke

____ helps to remove cholesterol from the cells and delivers it to the liver.

high density lipoprotein

Most trans fats are created through the process of _____.

hydrogenation

Which of the following conditions is commonly known as high blood pressure?

hypertension

Vitamin K has a role

in enabling osteocalcin to bind with calcium in bones

At which sites is the inactive form of vitamin D converted to the active form?

in the liver and then in the kidneys

Trans fats are to be avoided becuase they ___.

increase LDL cholesterol and decrease HDL cholesterol

The fingerlike projections that cover the walls of the small intestine ____.

increase its surface area

Which of the following actions may not help reduce blood pressure?

increasing sodium intake

Which of the following people might not benefit from a vitamin supplement?

individuals who regularly eat fortified foods

which hormone directs glucose into the cells

insulin

About two-thirds of the ___ in the body is found in hemoglobin.

iron

The most common nutritional disorder in the world is

iron deficiency

Glucose

is the form of sugar that is absorbed into the bloodstream

Which of the following conditions is a consequence of a severe deficiency of dietary protein?

kwashiorkor

Becky calculated her EER to be about 2200 calories daily. Becky ate about 180g carbohydrates, 75g protein, and 61g fat. Ignoring any possible effects from TEF, would we expect Becky to weight more or less tomorrow morning?

less

What percentage of the average American's income is spent on what he or she eats today?

less than 10%

A lifestyle change that helps decrease the risk of heart disease is to consume ___.

less trans fats

The amino acid that is in the shortest supply in an incomplete protein is known as the

limiting amino acid

Alcohol is metabolized primarily in the

liver

___ enter the lymph and need transport carriers to circulate in the bloodstream.

long-chain fatty acids

Dysphagia can lead to _____.

malnutrition

___ toxicity can damage the nervous system and cause symptoms that resemble Parkinson's disease.

manganese

A growing trend in food advertising is to

market heavily to young adults

Peristalsis is part of ____.

mechanical digestion

vitamins, minerals, and water are important for

metabolism and proper utilization of carbohydrates, fats, and protein

Digestion of a carbohydrate begins in the ___.

mouth

Heart disease develops when coronary arteries ___.

narrow due to build-up of LDLs and other substances along their walls

A starving person would be in ___ nitrogen balance.

negative

Which of the following body systems in the fetus is seriously damaged when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol?

nervous

Foods labeled "Free Range" require producers to demonstrate that the animal was allowed access to the outdoors

no specific time period to have access to the outdoors is specified

An amino acid that can be synthesized in the body is considered to be

non essential

The most common type of virus that causes foodborne illness is the

norovirus

An overweight individual's protein needs are

not much greater than those of a normal-weight person of similar height.

The "Americanization" of many food cultures around the world is the cause of a growing problem with

obesity

Which of the following factors does not lead to PEM?

obesity

What organ produces insulin?

pancreas

Amino acids are joined together by which kind of bond?

peptide bond

many factors influence what we eat, but the most important one is

personal taste

which of the following are non-nutrient compounds from plants that may play a role in fighting chronic diseases

phytochemicals

starch is a

polysaccharide

Which of the following states of nitrogen balance is a pregnant woman typically in?

postive nitrogen balance

Which of the following substances is a major mineral?

potassium

the main goal of dietary guidelines for americans emphasizes

prevention of chronic disease

Compounds in your body that consist of numerous amino acids and are found in a living cells are called

proteins

which of the following statements abt calories is true

proteins provide 4 calories per gram

Which of the following vitamins is light sensitive and abundant in milk?

riboflavin

Which of the following conditions is a vitamin D deficiency disease in children?

rickets

After a meal, proteins help increase ___ more than they do either carbohydrates or fat.

satiety

When each carbon is bonded with two hydrogen atoms, the chain is ___ with hydrogen.

saturated

Research shows is associated with increased body fat and weight

sedentary behavior

The absorption of amino acids occurs in the

small intestine

The majority of fat digestion occurs in the ___.

small intestine

The primary organ for digestions and absorption is the ___.

small intestine

The majority of ingested alcohol is absorbed in the

small intestine.

which of the following is true abt dietary supplements

some ppl benefit from taking a supplement if food alone cant meet their needs

Traveler's diarrhea is primarily caused by consuming

stool-contaminated water and foods

Foods that leave the stomach the fastest are those that are high in ____.

sugar

americans today consume excessive amounts of

sugar

What is the number one source of added sugars in United States?

sweetened sodas

The type of RNA that carries an amino acid to a ribosome is

tRNA

Fats in foods significantly contribute to ____.

texture, flavor, satiety, and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

Which of the following government agencies is responsible for regulating pesticides?

the EPA

The "Know Your Farmer Know Your Food (KYF2)" initiative is sponsored by

the USDA

metabolism involves

the conversion of food into energy

Which of these is not an environmental factor affecting today's modern society and increasing the risk of obesity.

the increase number of 5k races offered in the USA

The hormone gastrin is released in response to _____.

the presence of food in the stomach

The condition known as hyponatremia is

the presence of too little sodium in the blood due to overconsumption of fluids

which of the following is true abt experimental research studies

they involve at least two groups of subjects

Which of the following statements about vitamins is incorrect?

they provide energy

The structure of a triglyceride consists of ___.

three fatty acids with a glycerol backbone

the highest amount of a nutrient unlikely to cause harm when eaten daily is called

tolerable upper intake level

Which of the following vitamins is transported in a micelle along with bile and fatty acids?

vitamin A

the average american diet is low in

vitamin D, calcium, and fiber

Which of the following vitamins cannot be synthesized by your body?

vitamin c

Which of the following vitamins is essential for blood clotting?

vitamin k

which of the following is true about the role of water in the body

water helps maintain body temperature

More than 70 percent of the ________ grown in the United States is used to make food products for human consumption.

wheat

Which of the following blood alcohol concentrations is most likely the BAC of an adult male who bumps into people and has uncoordinated movements and blurry vision?

0.06 to 0.10

For adults in the United States, the legal limit for driving is a blood alcohol content of

0.08.

A blood alcohol concentration above ________ will often result in death.

0.41

The average adult (age 19 and older) should consume how many grams of protein for each kilogram of body weight (g/kg)?

0.8

a healthy adult diet should contain approximately the following percentages of protein and water

20, 60

Approximately how many college students die every year from binge drinking?

1,825

The minimum of ____ grams of carbohydrates is recommended to provide adequate glucose to the brain.

130

What percentage of an American's food comes from outside the United States?

17%

Moderate alcohol consumption is no more than ________ alcoholic drink(s) daily for adult women and up to ________ drink(s) daily for adult men.

1;2

Which of the following pathogens can be contracted by consuming raw or undercooked contaminated ground beef and can result in acute kidney failure in small children and elderly adults?

E. Coli

Which of the following statements is not a reason older adults are at greater risk of contracting foodborne illnesses?

They eat a greater variety of foods

The agency responsible for ensuring safe and accurately labeled meat, poultry, and eggs is the

USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service


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