nutrition final
Daily Values are based on a ___________ Calorie diet?
2000
Approximately what percentage of the U.S. population is employed in the agribusiness sector?
5%
The body on an average healthy adult is approximately ___ percent water.
50-60
the recommended dietary allowances are estimated to meet the nutrient needs of ___ percent of a healthy population group
97 to 98
The U.S. government donates surplus, unsold foods grown and raised on U.S. farms to run the
All of the answers are correct
Which of the following factors is a challenge faced by present-day farmers?
All of the answers are correct
A sustainable food system is one that is
All of the answers are correct.
Cows are injected with hormones in order to
All of the answers are correct.
What is Central Obesity?
An excess storage of visceral fat in the abdominal area
why is eating a variety of foods important
No single food can provide all the required nutrients for optimal health.
which of the following is true about nutrition
Nutrition is the science of how nutrients affect our body functions and health.
Which of the following pathogens is responsible for foodborne illness in individuals who have eaten raw or undercooked eggs, poultry and meat, raw milk, and dairy products?
Salmonella
Which of the following statements regarding the third stage of alcoholic liver disease is incorrect?
It is reversible.
Which of the following terms is a system of enzymes in the liver that becomes more active as alcohol levels in the liver rise?
MEOS
Which of the following statements about vitamin B12 is false/
The body's ability to absorb this vitamin increases with age
Guillain-Barre syndrome is
a nerve disease that can occur after contracting a Campylobacter infection
which of the following is a credible source of nutrition information
a registered dietitian
Which of the following substances, when consumed during and after alcohol consumption, has been shown to cause liver damage in some cases?
acetaminophen
Proteins can be denatured or rendered inactive by which of the following factors?
acid
Which of the following compounds is an alcohol-metabolizing enzyme found in the stomach and liver?
alcohol dehydrogenase
Which of the following conditions is the second stage of alcoholic liver disease?
alcohol hepatitis
Which of the following conditions has occurred when the body's BAC levels rise to extreme levels and breathing and heart rate are interrupted?
alcohol poisoning
Which of the following terms describes a person who continues to drink even though it causes that person social, legal, and/or health problems?
alcohol use disorder
Drinking too much alcohol can interfere with the absorption and/or use of
all of the answers are correct
Which of the following pathogens can cause foodborne illnesses?
all of the answers are correct
which of the following statements is correct?
all of these statements are correct
Which of the following statements regarding potassium is correct?
all the answers are correct
Denaturation of a protein results in
alterations in the protein's function.
a healthy diet includes the key principles of
balance, variety, and moderation of nutrient dense foods
which of the following is an example of a phytochemical?
beta carotene
To promote fat digestion, the gallbladder releases ___ into the small intestine.
bile
____ is made in the liver, is stored in the gallbladder, and emulsifies fat for digestion.
bile
________ is the application of biological techniques to living cells to alter their genetic makeup.
biotechnology
An individual who ate home-canned beans and several hours later experienced double vision and trouble speaking likely has
botulism
Proteins that minimize fluctuations in pH are known as
buffers
Which of the following elements is a major mineral of bone?
calcium
nutrients that provide energy include
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Which of the following areas of the brain is affected first by alcohol?
cerebral cortex
An ovo-vegetarian will eat all of the following except
cheese
The mixture that leaves the stomach for the small intestine is called ____.
chyme
Which of the following conditions will not destroy the vitamin content of foods?
cold
Which of the following molecules is a protein that provides structural support to body tissues?
collagen
Which of the following substances are compounds in alcohol that may contribute to hangover symptoms?
congeners
If a food label says "Organic" and/or displays the USDA Organic seal, then the food
contains less than 70 percent organic ingredients
Endotoxin, released by bacteria in the intestines, can cause the liver to release damaging compounds called
cytokines
ingredients are listed on a food label in
descending order by weight
the main tools that can help plan a healthy diet are
dietary guidelines for americans, DRIs, MyPlate, and nutrition facts
The protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) takes into account both the amino acid profile and the ___ of a protein.
digestibility
which of the following statements is true abt our food choices
eating is an important part of social events
Which answer best describes an energy deficit?
energy input = energy output
chemicals that break down food into nutrient components to be absorbed are called ___.
enzymes
proteins that act as biological catalysts and speed up chemical reactions are
enzymes
The ____ protects the trachea while swallowing.
epiglottis
the average amount of a nutrient that is known to meet the needs of 50% in a similar age range and gender group is the
estimated average requirement
What nutrient must enter the lymphatic system before entering the bloodstream?
fat
The building blocks of lipids are ___.
fatty acids
In which of the following processes does yeast convert sugars in fruit into ethanol?
fermentation
Which of the following vitamins is important in a woman's diet before she conceives a baby?
folate
which of the following is true about our food choices
foods that are easily accessible are more likely to be eaten
When the diet is deficient in carbohydrates, the body will ____.
form ketone bodies
Oxygen-containing molecules that can damage cells and possibly contribute to the increased risk of certain chronic diseases are called
free radicals
Which of the following actions is the best way to reduce your chances of catching a cold?
frequent hand-washing with soap and water
Foods that have a positive effect on health beyond providing basic nutrients are called _____.
functional foods
Your body produces more of this hormone during fasting in order to stimulate hunger, and it produces less after food is consumed.
ghrelin
The primary source of energy for the body is _____.
glucose
The storage form of glucose in the body is ____.
glycogen
The breakdown of glycogen is called ____.
glycogenolysis
Thomas has a height of 72 inches and a weight 170 pounds. According to his BMI, would Thomas be underweight, healthy weight, overweight, or obese according to his BMI?
healthy weight
In order, beginning with the top cause, the three leading causes of death in the United States are ______.
heart disease, cancer, and stroke
____ helps to remove cholesterol from the cells and delivers it to the liver.
high density lipoprotein
Most trans fats are created through the process of _____.
hydrogenation
Which of the following conditions is commonly known as high blood pressure?
hypertension
Vitamin K has a role
in enabling osteocalcin to bind with calcium in bones
At which sites is the inactive form of vitamin D converted to the active form?
in the liver and then in the kidneys
Trans fats are to be avoided becuase they ___.
increase LDL cholesterol and decrease HDL cholesterol
The fingerlike projections that cover the walls of the small intestine ____.
increase its surface area
Which of the following actions may not help reduce blood pressure?
increasing sodium intake
Which of the following people might not benefit from a vitamin supplement?
individuals who regularly eat fortified foods
which hormone directs glucose into the cells
insulin
About two-thirds of the ___ in the body is found in hemoglobin.
iron
The most common nutritional disorder in the world is
iron deficiency
Glucose
is the form of sugar that is absorbed into the bloodstream
Which of the following conditions is a consequence of a severe deficiency of dietary protein?
kwashiorkor
Becky calculated her EER to be about 2200 calories daily. Becky ate about 180g carbohydrates, 75g protein, and 61g fat. Ignoring any possible effects from TEF, would we expect Becky to weight more or less tomorrow morning?
less
What percentage of the average American's income is spent on what he or she eats today?
less than 10%
A lifestyle change that helps decrease the risk of heart disease is to consume ___.
less trans fats
The amino acid that is in the shortest supply in an incomplete protein is known as the
limiting amino acid
Alcohol is metabolized primarily in the
liver
___ enter the lymph and need transport carriers to circulate in the bloodstream.
long-chain fatty acids
Dysphagia can lead to _____.
malnutrition
___ toxicity can damage the nervous system and cause symptoms that resemble Parkinson's disease.
manganese
A growing trend in food advertising is to
market heavily to young adults
Peristalsis is part of ____.
mechanical digestion
vitamins, minerals, and water are important for
metabolism and proper utilization of carbohydrates, fats, and protein
Digestion of a carbohydrate begins in the ___.
mouth
Heart disease develops when coronary arteries ___.
narrow due to build-up of LDLs and other substances along their walls
A starving person would be in ___ nitrogen balance.
negative
Which of the following body systems in the fetus is seriously damaged when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol?
nervous
Foods labeled "Free Range" require producers to demonstrate that the animal was allowed access to the outdoors
no specific time period to have access to the outdoors is specified
An amino acid that can be synthesized in the body is considered to be
non essential
The most common type of virus that causes foodborne illness is the
norovirus
An overweight individual's protein needs are
not much greater than those of a normal-weight person of similar height.
The "Americanization" of many food cultures around the world is the cause of a growing problem with
obesity
Which of the following factors does not lead to PEM?
obesity
What organ produces insulin?
pancreas
Amino acids are joined together by which kind of bond?
peptide bond
many factors influence what we eat, but the most important one is
personal taste
which of the following are non-nutrient compounds from plants that may play a role in fighting chronic diseases
phytochemicals
starch is a
polysaccharide
Which of the following states of nitrogen balance is a pregnant woman typically in?
postive nitrogen balance
Which of the following substances is a major mineral?
potassium
the main goal of dietary guidelines for americans emphasizes
prevention of chronic disease
Compounds in your body that consist of numerous amino acids and are found in a living cells are called
proteins
which of the following statements abt calories is true
proteins provide 4 calories per gram
Which of the following vitamins is light sensitive and abundant in milk?
riboflavin
Which of the following conditions is a vitamin D deficiency disease in children?
rickets
After a meal, proteins help increase ___ more than they do either carbohydrates or fat.
satiety
When each carbon is bonded with two hydrogen atoms, the chain is ___ with hydrogen.
saturated
Research shows is associated with increased body fat and weight
sedentary behavior
The absorption of amino acids occurs in the
small intestine
The majority of fat digestion occurs in the ___.
small intestine
The primary organ for digestions and absorption is the ___.
small intestine
The majority of ingested alcohol is absorbed in the
small intestine.
which of the following is true abt dietary supplements
some ppl benefit from taking a supplement if food alone cant meet their needs
Traveler's diarrhea is primarily caused by consuming
stool-contaminated water and foods
Foods that leave the stomach the fastest are those that are high in ____.
sugar
americans today consume excessive amounts of
sugar
What is the number one source of added sugars in United States?
sweetened sodas
The type of RNA that carries an amino acid to a ribosome is
tRNA
Fats in foods significantly contribute to ____.
texture, flavor, satiety, and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
Which of the following government agencies is responsible for regulating pesticides?
the EPA
The "Know Your Farmer Know Your Food (KYF2)" initiative is sponsored by
the USDA
metabolism involves
the conversion of food into energy
Which of these is not an environmental factor affecting today's modern society and increasing the risk of obesity.
the increase number of 5k races offered in the USA
The hormone gastrin is released in response to _____.
the presence of food in the stomach
The condition known as hyponatremia is
the presence of too little sodium in the blood due to overconsumption of fluids
which of the following is true abt experimental research studies
they involve at least two groups of subjects
Which of the following statements about vitamins is incorrect?
they provide energy
The structure of a triglyceride consists of ___.
three fatty acids with a glycerol backbone
the highest amount of a nutrient unlikely to cause harm when eaten daily is called
tolerable upper intake level
Which of the following vitamins is transported in a micelle along with bile and fatty acids?
vitamin A
the average american diet is low in
vitamin D, calcium, and fiber
Which of the following vitamins cannot be synthesized by your body?
vitamin c
Which of the following vitamins is essential for blood clotting?
vitamin k
which of the following is true about the role of water in the body
water helps maintain body temperature
More than 70 percent of the ________ grown in the United States is used to make food products for human consumption.
wheat
Which of the following blood alcohol concentrations is most likely the BAC of an adult male who bumps into people and has uncoordinated movements and blurry vision?
0.06 to 0.10
For adults in the United States, the legal limit for driving is a blood alcohol content of
0.08.
A blood alcohol concentration above ________ will often result in death.
0.41
The average adult (age 19 and older) should consume how many grams of protein for each kilogram of body weight (g/kg)?
0.8
a healthy adult diet should contain approximately the following percentages of protein and water
20, 60
Approximately how many college students die every year from binge drinking?
1,825
The minimum of ____ grams of carbohydrates is recommended to provide adequate glucose to the brain.
130
What percentage of an American's food comes from outside the United States?
17%
Moderate alcohol consumption is no more than ________ alcoholic drink(s) daily for adult women and up to ________ drink(s) daily for adult men.
1;2
Which of the following pathogens can be contracted by consuming raw or undercooked contaminated ground beef and can result in acute kidney failure in small children and elderly adults?
E. Coli
Which of the following statements is not a reason older adults are at greater risk of contracting foodborne illnesses?
They eat a greater variety of foods
The agency responsible for ensuring safe and accurately labeled meat, poultry, and eggs is the
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service