Nutrition Final

Iron found as a component of hemoglobin and myoglobin is called A) heme iron. B) nonheme iron.

heme

______ is the iron-binding protein that transports oxygen through the blood. A) Hemosiderin B) Hematocrit C) Hemoglobin D) Hemostat

hemoglobin

Fertility can be impaired by A) either too little or too much body fat. B) too much body fat. C) too little body fat

too much body fat.

T or F Folate reduces the risk of certain birth defects

true

T or F Vitamin K helps keep your bones healthy

true

Composed primarily of water, metabolic wastes, and minerals, the body's major waste product is A) urine. B) sweat. C) feces. D) bile

urine

For a healthy adult, the largest percentage of daily water output is attributed to

urine

The vitamin that poses the greatest risk for toxicity is

vitamin A

Toxicity of ______ is linked to birth defects. A) vitamin A B) iron C) folate D) vitamin B-12

vitamin B-12

Low maternal levels of ______ during gestation may increase the risk for type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, allergies, asthma, and mental disorders in the offspring. A) vitamin D B) vitamin E C) vitamin A D) vitamin K

vitamin D

Metabolic water refers to

water that is formed as a byproduct of the breakdown of macronutrients for energy

Which of the following foods has the lowest water content? A) Lettuce B) Whole grain bread C) Tomato D) Sirloin steak

whole grain bread

A mineral that is especially important for male fertility is A) zinc. B) iron. C) potassium. D) sodium.

zinc

Accumulation of bone mass occurs primarily during childhood and adolescence. Later in life, the rate of bone degradation exceeds the rate of bone synthesis. For average, healthy men and women, gradual bone loss begins around age A) 20. B) 30. C) 40. D) 50

50

Water constitutes ______ percent of body weight.

50-70%

T or F Taking water-soluble vitamin supplements is never harmful because your body eliminates any excesses that you don't need

False

T or F Vitamin Water is Healthier than normal Water

False

T or F Vitamins provide your body with energy or the fuel that it needs to function

False

T or F Fluoride has been added to most bottled water.

False ( tap water not bottled water)

Low levels of body fat decrease ______ fertility. A) both male or female B) female C) male D) neither male nor female

both male or female

Adequate folate intake for neural tube development is especially important in the ______ trimester. A) first B) second C) thir

first

To boost glycogen stores in the hours before an event, an endurance athlete should eat A) broccoli and cheese soup. B) bagels. C) peanut butter. D) tuna fish.

bagels

Which trimester is an especially critical period when poor nutrition or drug use can result in birth defects? A) First B) Second C) Third

first

he use of sports drinks is most helpful for continuous activities lasting A) 5 to 60 seconds. B) 1 to 5 minutes. C) 30 minutes. D) 60 minutes or longer.

60 minutes or longer.

Which of the following meals would be suitable for a person following a low-sodium diet? A) Chicken noodle soup, oyster crackers, and a tossed green salad with ranch dressing B) Chicken tenders, French fries, and sliced apples from a fast food restaurant C) A homemade chicken casserole made with canned green beans and cream of mushroom soup D) Homemade oven-baked chicken, buttered rice, and steamed fresh green beans

) Homemade oven-baked chicken, buttered rice, and steamed fresh green beans

What % soybeans are genetically modified

*Over 90%

During the second and third trimesters, pregnant women should gain approximately______ pound(s) per week A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

1 pound

For a pre-event meal, rich sources of carbohydrates, such as bagels, muffins, and bread, should be eaten ______ before an endurance event. A) 1 to 4 hours B) 4 or more hours C) less than 30 minutes D) 30 to 60 minutes

1 to 4 hours

Sue's prepregnancy BMI is 38. Her weight-gain goal should be ______ pounds for the entire pregnancy. A) 11 to 20 B) 15 to 25 C) 25 to 35 D) 28 to 40

15 to 25

During the first trimester, a woman should gain ______ pounds. A) 1 to 2 B) 2 to 4 C) 5 to 9 D) 10 to 14

2-4

Which of the following is true about the let-down reflex? A) It is needed to make milk available to the infant. B) It can be inhibited by anxiety or nervous tension. C) After a few weeks of breastfeeding, it becomes automatic. D) All the these statements are true.

All the these statements are true.

The RDA for protein increases by an additional ______ grams per day during pregnancy. A) 5 B) 15 C) 25 D) 35

25

Millie's prepregnancy BMI is 18. Her weight gain goal should be ______ pounds for the entire pregnancy A) 11 to 20 B) 15 to 25 C) 25 to 35 D) 28 to 40

28 to 40

Examples of foods that are rich sources of phytochemicals include

fruits, vegetables,whole grains, herbs, nuts, and seeds.

naerobic glucose breakdown provides most of the energy for sports activities lasting A) 10 seconds. B) up to 30 seconds. C) 30 seconds to 2 minutes. D) up to 5 minutes.

30 seconds to 2 minutes.

During the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, an average of ______ extra kilocalories per day are needed. A) 150 to 250 B) 250 to 350 C) 350 to 450 D) 450 to 550

350 to 450

Concerning the infant, two major indicators of a successful pregnancy are: (1) gestation period longer than ______ weeks and (2) birth weight greater than ______ pounds. A) 37; 5.5 B) 34; 5.5 C) 40; 7.5 D) 37; 2.5

37; 5.5

The duration of pregnancy normally is ______ weeks.

38-42

Breast milk production requires approximately _______ kilocalories per day. A) 200 B) 400 C) 800 D) 1,000

400

By definition, a low-birth-weight infant weighs less than ______ pounds at birth. A) 6.5 B) 7.5 C) 5.5 D) 3.5

5.5

For aerobic glucose breakdown to take place, two- and three-carbon fragments must enter which cell organelle to be broken down into carbon dioxide and water? A) Nucleus B) Mitochondria C) Golgi body D) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria

Adequate intakes of ______ support optimal bone health. A) calcium, vitamin D, and protein B) vitamin E, folate, and protein C) protein, iron, and vitamin B-6 D) sodium, phosphorus, and vitamin C-

A) calcium, vitamin D, and protein

All foods in their unprocessed form tend to be low in sodium except A) milk and dairy products. B) whole grains. C) legumes. D) fruits.

A) milk and dairy products.

Which of the following individuals is most likely to need a calcium supplement? A) An adolescent girl with a milk allergy B) A 30-year-old man who follows a lactoovovegetarian diet C) A 4-year-old girl who refuses to eat vegetables D) An overweight man with a sedentary desk job

An adolescent girl with a milk allergy

Which of the following people is likely to have the highest percentage of body water? A) A highly trained male athlete B) A highly trainedfemale athlete C) An obese woman D) An elderly man

An obese women

The most economical way to supply fluoride is A) fluoride tablets. B) topical fluoride gels. C) fluoridation of the municipal water supply. D) fortification of foods with fluoride.

fluoridation of the municipal water supply.

Who should be concerned about dehydration? An athlete participating in a triathlon B) An elderly man C) A child who is ill with diarrhea D) All of these choices are correct.

ALL

What is the name of the high-energy compound that cells use to fuel chemical reactions? A) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) B) Glucose C) Amino acids D) Fatty acids

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Which of the following is true about the absorption, transport, and storage of fat-soluble vitamins?

After absorption, they are transported in the bloodstream to body cells and/or stored in the liver and fatty tissue.

Choose the statements that are true about folate and pregnancy. A) Folate deficiency in pregnancy is associated with birth defects such as spina bifida. B) The RDA for folate increases by 50 percent. C) Fortified breakfast cereal is a nutrient-dense source of folate for pregnant women. D) All of these statements are correct.

All

Which of the following can prevent or reduce the occurrence of constipation during pregnancy? A) Drink about 10 cups of fluids per day. B) Choose plenty of fruits and vegetables. C) Engage in daily physical activity. D) All of these are good strategies to prevent or reduce constipation.

All of these are good strategies to prevent or reduce constipation.

Obesity during pregnancy is associated with A) high blood pressure. B) diabetes. C) surgical complications. D) All the above.

All the above.

In 1998, the federal governments in both the United States and Canada mandated the fortification of grain products with ______ to prevent neural tube defects.

folic acid

In the United States, bread and cereal products made from milled grains are enriched with

folic acid

Calcium absorption is increased by

foods that contain vitamin D and lactose

Of the following minerals, the daily requirements are highest for A) iron. B) iodine. C) calcium. D) copper.

Calcium

Antibiotics often destroy beneficial bacteria (e.g., in the gastrointestinal tract) along with pathogenic strains. This can decrease bacterial synthesis of (what vitamin)

B

Which of the following is true about mineral bioavailability? A) Minerals from plants are better absorbed than minerals from animal products. B) Minerals from animal products are better absorbed than minerals from plants.

B

Which of the following individuals would benefit most from choosing a sports drink instead of water? A) A student who needs to stay up late to study for an exam B) An athlete who competes in a marathon C) An athlete who competes in the 100-meter dash D) An elderly adult

B) An athlete who competes in a marathon

Which of the following electrolytes is especially important for proper heart rhythm? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Chloride D) Phosphate

B) Potassium

Potassium is found in the largest quantities in A) milk and dairy products. B) meats. C) fruits and vegetables. D) refined grains.

fruits and vegetables.

_____ is a water-soluble vitamin that is especially important in amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and the synthesis of the heme portion of hemoglobin

B6

Anabolic steroid use may cause which of the following side effects? A) Frequent urination, hyperactivity, and groin pain B) Decreased heart rate, confusion, and vision disturbances C) Cardiovascular disease, extreme mood swings, and sleep disturbances D) Weight loss, decreased mental alertness, and increased fat metabolism

Cardiovascular disease, extreme mood swings, and sleep disturbances

Most of the extra calcium for pregnancy is needed during which trimester(s)? A) First B) Second C) Third D) Calcium needs do not increase during pregnancy.

D

T or F Chromium can help you build bigger muscles and stay lean when you are lifting weights

False

T or F Everyone can meet their vitamin needs through food, so taking supplements is never necessary

False

T or F Most of your dietary sodium comes from the salt that you shake on your foods

False

T or F Taking vitamin C supplements can help you ward off the common cold.

False

Patricia's physician tells her she needs more folate in her diet during pregnancy. She should do which of the following? A) Drink orange juice. B) Eat beef. C) Eat more cheese. D) Eat more fish

Drink orange juice.

T or F Meat is the major source of iron in the American diet

F ( cereal is major iron source)

T or F Kosher salt is a food source of iodine

F ( iodine salt)

Which government agency regulates and monitors the safety of bottled water? A) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) B) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) C) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) D) All of these choices are correct.

FDA

Because your body makes Vitamin D with the help of sunlight, you don't have to worry about getting it from your diet

False

T or F A person cannot drink too much water; the kidneys and sweat glands make water excretion quick and efficient, protecting the body from overhydration.

False

Choose the factors that promote bone health. A) Smoking, alcohol, and excessive caffeine intake B) Healthy body weight, active lifestyle, and a balanced dietary pattern that includes bone-building nutrients C) Female, aging, and high estrogen D) Strength training, low estrogen levels, and low protein intake

Healthy body weight, active lifestyle, and a balanced dietary pattern that includes bone-building nutrients

Which statement about vitamins is true?

Help regulate chemical reactions in the body

Which of the following is a symptom of dehydration? A) Sweaty skin B) High blood pressure C) Rapid heart rate D) Pale yellow urine

High Blood Pressure

Which of the following statements is true about iron? A) Iron deficiency anemia is found most commonly among young children, adolescents, and menstruating women. B) Approximately 65% of dietary iron is absorbed. C) An iron-deficient individual absorbs less iron than a person with good iron status. D) Excess dietary iron is excreted readily via the kidneys.

Iron deficiency anemia is found most commonly among young children, adolescents, and menstruating women.

______ is a major mineral important for nerve and heart function and is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes. It is a major constituent of bone and is found in whole grains and vegetables. A) Magnesium B) Calcium C) Phosphorus D) Fluoride

Magnesium

Which of the following is true about the intake of vitamins?

Occasional lapses in vitamin intake should cause no harm.

Which of the following is true about vitamin A toxicity?

One is unlikely to get toxic doses from eating food sources of vitamin A.

Major cause of undernutrition in US is

Politics

Higher intake of which of the following minerals is associated with lowered blood pressure? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Cadmium D) Chloride

Potassium

Which of the following is true about protein as an energy source? A) Protein is more important than carbohydrate as an energy source for muscular activity. B) The use of protein as an energy source is greater for endurance athletes than for those who body build or lift weights. C) Protein and amino acid supplements are needed as energy sources for weight lifters. D) Protein is a good energy source, supplying 7 kcal per gram.

Protein is more important than carbohydrate as an energy source for muscular activity.

A pre-event meal should A) be eaten 1 hour before the event. B) contain at least 600 kcalories. C) be low in fat and fiber, high in carbohydrate and moderate in protein. D) be high in fat to prevent hunger.

be high in carbohydrates without providing large amounts of fiber.

Which of the following is a function of phytochemicals?

Regulates cell signaling and gene expression

Which of the following is a function of potassium? A) Maintenance of night vision B) Regulation of fluid balance C) Neutralization of free radicals D) Production of stomach acid

Regulation of fluid balance

What istrue about dietary supplements during pregnancy? A) Overdosesof vitamin B-12 could cause birth defects. B) Vitamin A supplements are usually necessary to meet increased needs during pregnancy. C) Research evidence supports routine supplementation withiron and folic acid. D) It is better to take amino acid supplements than to increase the intake of protein foods.

Research evidence supports routine supplementation withiron and folic acid.

Which of the following is a source of heme iron? A) Leafy, green vegetables B) Seafood C) Eggs D) Fortified breakfast cereal

Seafood

Extra kilocalories for pregnancy are needed mostly during which trimester(s) A) First B) Second and third C) Second D) First and third

Second and third

Which of the following nondairy milk beverages has the highest protein content? A) Almond milk B) Flax milk C) Coconut milk D) Soy milk

Soy milk

Which of the following is a federal program for reducing infant mortality by providing nutritional support and counseling? A) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) B) Nutrition Supplement Program (NSP) C) Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) D) Regional Nutrition Counseling Program (RNCP)

Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

T or F A serving of milk will provide about 1/3 of an adults daily calcium needs

T

Which of the following statements is true regarding infant feeding? A) The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of a child's life. B) Because of its immunological benefits, infant formula is preferred over breast milk. C) Working mothers should avoid breastfeeding. D) Cows' milk can be introduced safely when the child is 3 months old.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of a child's life.

Which of the following is true about lactation? A) Only about 50 percent of all women can breastfeed. B) The most significant reason why women do not breastfeed is that they cannot produce enough milk. C) Some women cannot breastfeed because they do not have big enough breasts. D) The major reason why women do not breastfeed is lack of information.

The major reason why women do not breastfeed is lack of information.

Which of the following statements is not correct when describingthe role of minerals in the body? A) They facilitate the transfer of nerve impulses. B) They are constituents of important body compounds. C) They provide 4 kilocalories per gram. D) They help maintain water balance.

They provide 4 kilocalories per gram.

The vitamin required specifically in carbohydrate metabolism is

Thiamin B1

Which of the following is not true about the regulation of fluid in the body?

Thirst is a reliable indicator of how much water should be consumed to replenish body fluids during illness.

T or F Magnesium can help lower your blood pressure

True

T or F Too much vitamin E can interfere with blood clotting

True

T or F Your morning mug of coffee counts towards fulfilling your daily water needs

True

T or F Zinc can fight the common cold

True

Arthur's blood pressure measurement of 148/94 mmHg indicates hypertension.

True over 140 is 1st stage hypertension

Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins differ in which way?

Water-soluble vitamins are less likely to be toxic

What is true about malnutrition

You can be suffering from undernutrition or over nutrition

If you wanted to add significant quantities of vitamins to your diet from the food you eat, a good choice would be

a fortified breakfast cereal such as Total Raisin Bran

Manipulation of plants animals and bacteria

biotechnology

Maxine Miles runs a marathon in 2 hours and 40 minutes. Most of the ATP for this activity is supplied by A) aerobic glucose breakdown. B) anaerobic glucose breakdown. C) breakdown of amino acids. D) breakdown of fatty acids.

aerobic glucose breakdown.

The training effect, in which individuals experience improvements in physical fitness as they continue a regular exercise regimen, is a product of A) increased number of mitochondria in muscle cells. B) increased number of capillaries in muscles. C) increased efficiency of the heart.

all

Which of the following is true about fatty acid usage for energy? A) Energy is released from fatty acids anaerobically. B) Energy is released from fatty acids in a process called lipogenesis. C) Gram for gram, fatty acids provide more than twice as much energy as glucose. D) Fatty acids are useful for intense exercise.

all

The conversion of glucose to lactic acid is called A) aerobic glucose breakdown. B) anaerobic glucose breakdown. C) aerobic glycogen breakdown. D) anaerobic glycogen breakdown.

anaerobic glucose breakdown.

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense source of iron? A) Skim milk B) Apple C) Flour tortilla D) Beef

apple

Region with largest # of serious food insecurities and malnutrition

asia

Bill goes on an 8-hour continuous, moderate-intensity hike. Most of the ATP for this activity will be derived from A) aerobic glucose breakdown. B) anaerobic glucose breakdown. C) breakdown of amino acids. D) breakdown of fatty acids.

breakdown of fatty acids.

Which mineral is present in the highest quantity in the body? A) Boron B) Calcium C) Magnesium D) Phosphorus

calcium

Rich in immune factors, the milk made by the mother's breast during the first few days after birth A) colostrum. B) prolactin. C) foremilk. D) hindmilk

colostrum.

Prenatal dietary supplements containing iron may cause _______ in some women. A) constipation and nausea. B) brain fog C) high blood sugar D) gastrointestinal bleeding

constipation and nausea

Avoiding lying down, eating less fat, avoiding spicy foods, and consuming liquid between meals instead of during meals are all helpful in preventing A) constipation. B) heartburn. C) hemorrhoids. D) gestational diabetes.

constipation.

GMO crops have an increase or decrease chemical pesticides

decrease

A useful strategy to reduce the risk of developing hypertension is to A) eat plenty of protein. B) limit the use of pepper at the table and during food preparation. C) eat lots of prepackaged and canned foods. D) eat a kilocalorie-controlled diet to maintain a desirable body weight.

eat a kilocalorie-controlled diet to maintain a desirable body weight.

An adequate sports drink contains A) electrolyte minerals. B) caffeine. C) at least 10% carbohydrate. D) branched-chain amino acids.

electrolyte minerals.

The goal of blood doping is to A) enhance aerobic capacity. B) enhance immune function. C) prevent blood clots. D) alleviate hemochromatosis.

enhance aerobic capacity.

Consumption of vitamin C A) enhances absorption of iron. B) limits absorption of iron. C) does not affect absorption of iron.

enhances absorption of iron

During pregnancy, it is particularly important to make sure to consume adequate A) saturated fatty acids. B) trans fatty acids. C) cholesterol. D) essential fatty acids.

essential fatty acids.

Water regulates body temperature through heat loss via

evaporation

Lower risk for gestational diabetes, reduced bone loss during pregnancy, better sleep, decreased back pain, and improved satisfaction with body image are all outcomes of A) following a low-fat diet during pregnancy. B) weight gain throughout pregnancy. C) inactivity during pregnancy. D) exercise during pregnancy.

exercise during pregnancy.

18 Interstitial fluid, lymph, gastrointestinal fluid, spinal fluid, plasma, and synovial fluid are part of ______ fluid. A) extracellular B) intracellular

extracellular ( hint plasma )

T or F Consuming too much beta-carotene from foods such as carrots, winter squash, and broccoli can cause vitamin A toxicity.

false

T or F Fortified foods are the safe way to get your daily vitamins

false

From the beginning to the end of each feeding, the ______ content of human milk increases. A) carbohydrate B) fat C) mineral D) protein

fat

The process of manipulating the macronutrient content of the diet during athletic training to enhance the cells' ability to use fat for fuel is called

fat adaptation

Unfortified coconut milk is not a good dairy substitute because of its high _______ content and relatively low __________ content. A) cholesterol; phosphorus and magnesium B) sodium; fluoride and vitamin C C) fat; calcium and vitamin D D) protein; carbohydrate and fats

fat; calcium and vitamin D

Fluoridation of the water supply is a public health strategy to A) improve dental health. B) promote brain health. C) prevent cancer. D) lower the risk for cardiovascular disease.

improve dental health.

For a healthy individual, a high-salt diet tends to ______ urinary excretion of sodium. A) increase B) decrease 28)

increase

Vitamin C and meat protein ______ nonheme iron absorption. A) increase B) decrease C) do not change

increase

Vitamin C and meat protein__ (increase or decrease or do not change)_ nonheme iron absorption.

increase

Athletes who consume adequate carbohydrates experience increased lean body mass. B) adequate liver and muscle glycogen stores. C) increased risk of chronic disease. D) chronic fatigue.

increased lean body mass.

The first step in ensuring an adequate intake of vitamins is

ingesting a wide variety of fortified foods.

For most pregnancies, women need to consume supplemental A) calcium. B) vitamin D. C) zinc. D) iron.

iron

The only mineral that is required to be added to enriched grain products in the United States is A) iron. B) zinc. C) iodine. D) potassium.

iron

Which of the following is an example of a trace mineral? A) Iron B) Calcium C) Sodium D) Potassium

iron

The first trimester of pregnancy A) involves a rapid increase in cell size rather than cell number. B) is the least critical time during fetal development. C) is a time of particular importance to avoid nutritional deficiencies and environmental exposures that could harm the fetus. D) is a time when nutritional deficiencies have little effect on the developing fetus.

is a time of particular importance to avoid nutritional deficiencies and environmental exposures that could harm the fetus.

Vitamin D is unique among the vitamins because

it can be formed in the body by skin exposure to the sun.

Inadequate hydration may increase the risk for

kidney stones

The sodium concentration of the blood is primarily regulated by the A) kidneys. B) small intestine. C) large intestine. D) spleen.

kidneys

All of the following are obstacles in solving undernutrition except

lack of technology

Compared to whole grain products, refined grains are ______ in trace minerals. A) lower B) higher C) equivalent

lower

Most bottled water has ______ fluoride content than municipal tap water. A) a lower B) a higher C) the same

lower

The synthetic form of folate (folic acid) is _(more or less)___ bioavailable than the natural form of the vitamin.

more

A free-weight workout that includes 8 to 10 different exercises performed for many repetitions with low resistance is designed mainly to enhance A) muscular endurance. B) muscular strength. C) muscular power. D) range of motion.

muscular endurance.

Avoiding greasy or fried foods, eating saltine crackers or dry cereal before getting out of bed, avoiding large fluid intake in the mornings, and eating smaller, more frequent meals help to control _____ during pregnancy. A) edema B) constipation C) nausea D) gestational diabetes

nausea

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane (e.g., the cell membrane) is known as A) osmosis. B) diuresis. C) osteoporosis. D) nerve impulse transmission.

osmosis

The hormone that triggers "let down" or milk release is A) oxytocin. B) prolactin. C) estrogen. D) progesterone

oxytocin.

The organ that nourishes the fetus in the mother's womb is called the A) ovum. B) umbilicus. C) placenta. D) embryo.

placenta

Foods of ______ origin are the best sources of magnesium. A)plant B) animal

plant

The process of nerve impulse transmission starts with the flow of ______ ions into the nerve cell. A) potassium B) sodium C) chloride D) phosphate

potassium

Fluid balance is dependent on A) potassium. B) iron. C) vitamin C. D) niacin

potassium.

What is primary cause for chronic hunger

poverty

During pregnancy, symptoms such as high blood pressure, excess protein in the urine, edema, changes in blood clotting, and seizures are associated with a condition called A) essential hypertension. B) eclampsia. C) preeclampsia. D) secondary hypertension.

preeclampsia.

For the prevention of osteoporosis, strength training is A) recommended because the stress on bones stimulates bone maintenance. B) recommended because it decreases estrogen levels. C) not recommended because it increases fracture risk. D) not recommended because it increases testosterone levels.

recommended because the stress on bones stimulates bone maintenance.

The most effective strategy for preventing hypertension is to A) maintain a healthy weight. B) engage in 60 to 90 minutes of vigorous exercise on most days of the week. C) take diuretics. D) restrict sodium intake to 2000 milligrams per day.

restrict sodium intake to 2000 milligrams per day.

The primary site of micronutrient absorption is the A) small intestine. B) liver. C) stomach. D) large intestine.

small intestine

The major source of ______ in the American diet is processed foods. A) sodium B) potassium C) calcium D) phosphorus

sodium

Elevated blood pressure has been linked to excess intake of A) calcium and vitamin D. B) sodium and potassium. C) sodium and chloride. D) magnesium and potassium.

sodium and chloride.

The FITT principle describes A) specific aspects to consider when designing a sound fitness program. B) the benefits of incorporating regular, moderate physical activity into one's lifestyle. C) a method of determining the intensity of exercises. D) the fluid needs of athletes before, during, and after a workout.

specific aspects to consider when designing a sound fitness program.

Of the following foods, iron is best absorbed from A) sirloin steak. B) broccoli. C) kidney beans. D) cheese.

steak

To prevent iron deficiency, a female athlete should A) take high-dose iron supplements regularly while following a low-calorie diet. B) have her blood hemoglobin level checked to determine if a deficiency exists that may require iron supplementation. C) not be concerned as a low iron status is common in female athletes and will eventually resolve on its own. D) not be concerned about iron status as iron is not involved in energy production.

take high-dose iron supplements regularly while following a low-calorie diet.

The difference between aerobic and anaerobic glucose breakdown is A) aerobic glucose breakdown uses amino acids, while anaerobic does not. B) the end product of aerobic glucose breakdown is lactic acid, while the end products of anaerobic glucose breakdown are carbon dioxide and water. C) the end products of aerobic glucose breakdown are carbon dioxide and water; while the end product of anaerobic glucose breakdown is lactic acid. D) anaerobic glucose breakdown uses oxygen, while aerobic does not.

the end products of aerobic glucose breakdown are carbon dioxide and water; while the end product of anaerobic glucose breakdown is lactic acid.

To reduce oxidative damage to her eggs, a woman should consume A) brightly colored fruits and vegetables. B) beta-carotene supplements. C) zinc supplements. D) 3 servings per day of dairy foods.

zinc supplements.

Functional foods can be placed into two categories: ______ and ______.

zoochemical and phytochemical