Nutrition final chapters 16-19

During the first trimester, a normal weight mother will gain how much weight?

1.0 - 4.5 pounds total

What is the EAR for energy in older adult females?

1600 g/day

Infant iron stores are typically exhausted by ________ of age and need to be replaced by their diet.

4-6 months

are poisonous substances produced by certain molds that can cause liver damage and death.

Aflatoxins

This chemical is used in food packaging but their are concerns that it can have an effect on the brains and behavior of children, infants.

BPA

This is responsible for neurodegenerative diseases in cattle.

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)

Infants should not be fed honey because it can contain _

Clostridium botulinum spores

Which of the following animals is an example of a vermin?

Mouse

The following substances were detected in a slice of enriched bread. Which of the substances is a not a direct food additive?

Plastic wrap

___ is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength combined with an increase in body fat.

Sarcopenic obesity

With the possible exception(s) of ________, human milk provides sufficient amounts of all the nutrients needed during the first 6 months of life.

all of these exception are correct

When serving a food for the first time to an infant,

all of these responses are correct

A major nutrition-related concern of adolescents is ________ intake

calcium

Which of the following foods would be most appropriate to include in an emergency food supply?

canned tuna

Which of the following is not a typical sign or symptom of food-borne illness?

chest pain

The signs and symptoms of most food-borne illnesses generally occur in the ________ system.

digestive

The fetus accumulates most of its body fat and mineral stores __

during the third trimester

The hormone oxytocin ________.

enables the "let-down" reflex to occur when a woman breastfeeds her baby

which form of arthritis invovles the build up of uric acid crystals?

gout

Compared to preschoolers, older children tend to eat __

lower in whole grains, more foods away from home, and more sugar-sweetened beverages

Which of the following statements is true?

A centenarian is a person who has lived for 100 years or more.

Which of the following statements is true?

A food's odor or appearance is not a reliable indicator of whether it is safe to eat.

An advantage to infants of being breastfed is ________.

All of these are advantages of breastfeeding for the infant.

This virus takes the longest incubation time for onset of symptoms.

Hepatitis A virus

The name of the condition when urine leaks out of the bladder is called what _____

Urinary incontinence

Which of the following vitamins is often lacking in the diets of older adults?

Vitamin B12

Exposure to alcohol during fetal life may cause _

all of the above

Lisa is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2250 kcal/day. Based on this information, what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy?

2250

A low birth weight infant weighs less than _______ pounds at birth.

5.5

How long do various professioal organizations suggest to exclusievly breastfeed for?

6 months

A high birth weight infant weighs more than _______ pounds at birth.

8.8

Which federal agency is responsible for publishing the Food Code every four years that assists state and local health officials in developing regulations?

FDA

As a person ages their risk of ________ increases. This condition results in loss of muscle function, shaking, stiffness, and poor balance.

Parkinson's disease

According to the programmed theory of aging, _

aging is inevitable and diet or exercise does not impact that process

A maternal practice that can be harmful to the fetus is ___

all of the above

Forty-year old Kent has a family history of Alzheimer's disease. What recommendations do you have for Kent to reduce his risk for Alzheimer's disease?

all of the choices are right

Which of the following statements is true regarding shool-age children and breakfast?

all of these are associated

Age-related dementia includes ________.

all of these are correct

Which food-related behaviors can negatively affect the quality of adolescents' diets?

all of these choices

What is the recommended treatment for childhood obesity?

all of these choices are correct

When planning for a pregnancy, which of the following lifestyle choices can increase the chances of a healthy pregnancy?

all of these choices are correct

According to the Food Additives Amendment of 1958, ___

an additive that was in use and deemed safe prior to 1958 was placed on the GRAS list

Which of the following substances is in breast milk but not in infant formulas?

antibodies

Elizabeth is 90 years of age. Compared to when she was 30 years of age, her ________ now.

arteries are less flexible

To reduce the risk of food-borne illness, which of these guidelines should you follow?

do not buy food in dented cans

During her 7th month of pregnancy, Sari developed a life-threatening complication of pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension and convulsions. Based on this information, Sari developed _

eclampsia

Growth plates at the end of long bones are called __

epiphyses

___ is a common nutrition-related sign of pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women

fatigue or heartburn

Clint is 82 years of age. Compared to when he was 27 years of age, his ________ now.

kidney cells don't function as well

Aliyah received a 15 pound frozen turkey as a gift from her workplace. She has kept the turkey in her freezer for a few weeks, but is now ready to thaw and prepare the turkey for a large family meal. You might recommend all of the following methods of thawing the frozen turkey except ________.

leaving the turkey out on the countertop overnigh

Human milk is naturally a rich source of __

lipids

The let-down reflex is inhibited by _______

nervous tension and fatigue

According to the damage or error theory of aging, __

organs simply wear out with use and abuse

in the United States, milk and juice often go through a process called ________. In this process, heat is used to kill pathogens and spoilage organisms in liquid food items

pastureization

The common practice of taking several prescribed medication daily to treat a variety of health conditions is called

polypharmacy

Which of the following minerals is often lacking in the diets of older adults?

potassium

Lanelle is 5 months pregnant. Recently, she gained several pounds rapidly, and as a result, her face is "puffy" and her hands are swollen. Her physician is very concerned, because Lanelle's blood pressure has risen to a dangerous level. Based on this information, Lanelle probably has ________.

preeclampsia

_____ stimulates milk production by certain cells in the breast.

prolactin

Which cereal is least likely to cause allergies in infants?

rice

All of the following are recommendations of the FDA in regards to the selection and use of cutting boards EXCEPT _

to use wood cutting boards made from a soft wood

The placenta ___

transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus

Which of the following structures pass from the placenta to the embryo/fetus?

umbilical cord

A ________ is simply a piece of genetic material coated with protein.

virus

Which of the following reflexes causes an infant to turn its head and open its mouth as the baby's cheek is stroked?

rooting reflex

Bernard is 83 years of age. His ________ is likely to have a negative influence on his nutritional status.

social isolation

After Ariel gave birth to a healthy baby boy, the physician immediately placed the baby next to Ariel's breast so the infant could begin breastfeeding. This practice ________.

stimulates Ariel's uterus to contract, reducing her risk of bleeding excessively