Nutrition Final Exam
What is the recommended protein intake?
0.8g/kilogram of body weight or 0.36g/pound of body weight
How much vitamin C is in one packet of Emergen-C?
1,000 mg
How many bananas would you have to consume each day in order to meet the DRI for potassium? 1 4 8 12
12
How much fiber do you think the average American consumes each day?
16 grams a day
How much sodium do you think the average American consumes each day?
3400 mg/day
In order to figure out how many calories of glycogen are stored in the liver and muscle, what number should you multiply the grams of glycogen by?
4
Do lobby groups exist in Washington, D.C., for dietary supplements?
4 Lobby Groups
What is the recommended amount of potassium in a day
4700mg a day
What is the normal measure for glucose?
70-100 mg
What is the normal range for blood glucose? 10-100mg/dl 70-100mg/dl 120-200mg/dl >20mg/dl
70-100mg/dl
About how many dietary supplements are available in the US?
85,000
Vash is getting his fasting blood glucose level measured and he is hoping his blood glucose is in the normal range. Which of the following blood glucose values fall into the normal range? 55 85 115 135
85mg/dl
Vash is getting his fasting blood glucose level measured and he is hoping his blood glucose is in the normal range. Which of the following blood glucose values fall into the normal range? 35 mg/dl 95 mg/dl 65 mg/dl 135 mg/dl
95 mg/dl
Which of the following individuals would absorb more calcium than a healthy adult? 30sec A 14-year-old girl A 40-year-old male with adequate Ca intake A 25-year-old endurance athlete A 75-year-old female
A 14-year-old girl
Which of the following would not be considered to be a dietary supplement? A powder consisting of whey protein A pill containing calcium + vitamin D A diuretic pill prescribed by a physician for a patient with hypertension A pill containing echinacea, which is an herb purported to support immune function
A diuretic pill prescribed by a physician for a patient with hypertension
Why might the athletes listed in this slide (distance runners, gymnastics, wrestling) not be getting enough dietary protein?
A lower body weight is advantageous for these types of athletes. As a result, these athletes may be restricting calories and protein to maintain a lower body weight
Seiji wants to go on a low fat diet to lose weight and has decided to eliminate all dietary fat sources from her diet. What could be the danger of choosing to eat this way?
A no fat diet could inhibit the absorption of some essential nutrients in the body
Lucia recently moved from Boulder to Lambert, Mississippi, which is categorized as a food desert. What is the definition of a food desert? A rural area where only locally-owned supermarkets are available. An urban area where people live with no access to any foods for purchase. An area where no fast-food restaurants are available for quick and easy meals. A rural or urban area where affordable, healthy food is not accessible.
A rural or urban area where affordable, healthy food is not accessible.
If a workout takes 2 hours, what type of beverage would be most beneficial and why?
A sports drink because it will provide fluid, carbs, and electrolytes to help athlete's performance
Which of the following is true regarding dietary supplements? About half of Americans take a dietary supplement on a daily basis. The FDA has inspected the facilities of all of the dietary supplement manufacturers in the U.S. Dietary supplement manufacturers must register each of their products with the FDA. The dietary supplement market is not very large and, as a result, no lobbying groups exist to represent dietary supplement manufacture
About half of Americans take a dietary supplement on a daily basis.
Feeding corn to cattle causes which of the following health problems that would eventually cause death heart failure acidosis mad cow disease severe asthma
Acidosis
What category has been added to nutrition fact labels as of January 2020?
Added Sugars
Which of the following would not cause protein denaturation in a food? Marinating fish with lime juice Adding black pepper to a steak Sautéing chicken in olive oil Frying a 3-egg omelet
Adding black pepper to a steak
Which of the following would not cause protein denaturation in a food? Frying an omelette Sautéing chick in olive oil Marinating steak with lemon juice Adding black pepper to salmon
Adding black pepper to salmon
When would an individual be prescribed an anticoagulant medication? At age 65 After a heart attack or stroke After the diagnosis of arthritis For being obese
After a heart attack or stroke
Where in the body is collagen found? Bone Teeth Skin Tendons All of the above
All of the above
Which nutrients are you aware of that are involved in bone health? Calcium Vitamin D Phosphorous Fluoride Vitamin C All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following individuals would be most likely to benefit from a Vitamin D supplement? Alter, a lactose-intolerant male who lives in Whitler, British Columbia, Canada for alpine ski training. Snorri, a male who lives in Iceland and takes a shot of cod liver oil every morning Freydis, a female who lives in southern Arizona and drinks one class of 2% milk each day Johanna, a female who lives in florid and refuses to wear sunscreen
Alter, a lactose-intolerant male who lives in Whitler, British Columbia, Canada for alpine ski training.
Seiji wants to lose weight and has decided to eliminate nearly all dietary fat sources from her diet. What could be the danger of choosing to eat this way? An extremely low-fat diet will cause her body to store more fat leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease An extremely low-fat diet can increase her risk of diabetes because fat is necessary for making insulin. An extremely low-fat diet can make it difficult for the body to break down complex carbohydrates into monosaccharides for use in the body. An extremely low-fat diet could inhibit the absorption of some nutrients into the body.
An extremely low-fat diet could inhibit the absorption of some nutrients into the body.
Sally has been feeling thirstier since she moved from Missouri to Colorado. Which of the following is a condition that is stimulating (more than one)? An increase in the concentration of solutes in Roger's blood A reduction in Roger's blood volume Roger's dry mouth Consumption of more animal-based protein
An increase in the concentration of solutes in Roger's blood A reduction in Roger's blood volume Roger's dry mouth
Which of these does not affect vitamin D synthesis in the body as a result of UV ray exposure? An individual's iron status (hemoglobin level) Latitude (angular distance north or south from the equator) The time of day Race/ethnicity
An individual's iron status (hemoglobin level)
Christine started supplementing her diet with iron, selenium, and copper. For what body function are all three required? 30sec Red blood cell formation Cholesterol excretion from the body Nerve impulse transmission Antioxidant enzyme system activation
Antioxidant enzyme system activation
Male fat patterning is usually in the shape of a(n) ___________.
Apple or Pear
In order to most optimally promote muscle growth and repair, when should protein be consumed following resistance exercise? No sooner than 12 hours after exercise As soon as possible after exercise 10 grams of protein should be consumed each hour for the first 24 hours after exercise Within 12 hours after exercise
As soon as possible after exercise
Lucy was told by her doctor that she needs to reduce the amount of cholesterol in her diet. The reduction of which of the following foods will help lower Lucy's dietary cholesterol levels? Rice and Beans Veggie burrito bowl Beef Lo Mein Lettuce salad topped with nuts and vinegar
Beef Lo Mein
In addition to proper growth and development, bone remodeling is critical in maintaining
Blood calcium levels
Other than body composition, what else can DXA be used to measure?
Bone Density
Which of the following information can be provided by a DEXA Scan? Bone density Percent lean mass Percent body fat Hematocrit level (%)
Bone density Percent lean mass Percent body fat
When a whole grain is processed, which part(s) of it are removed and what are the effects of the processing?
Bran and germ; decrease in the grain's fiber and macronutrient content
A single serving of which of the following foods would easily help meet the needs to increase selenium? 30sec Yogurt Spinach Red meat Brazil nuts
Brazil Nuts
Which of the following is a way in which an antioxidant enzyme system keep sure radicals under control (more than one)? Increased white blood cell production Break down oxidized fatty acids Convert free radicals to neutral molecules Make more antioxidants available
Break down oxidized fatty acids Convert free radicals to neutral molecules Make more antioxidants available
Hypercalcemia can lead to ______ and can be caused by ______. Migraine headaches ; osteoporosis Calcification of organs ; cancer Rickets ; overconsumption of Vit. D Osteoporosis ; decreased absorption of Ca
Calcification of organs ; cancer
Which of these nutrients are part of the structure of bone? Calcium and phosphorus Potassium and calcium Calcium, phosphorus, and potassium Calcium, magnesium, and potassium.
Calcium and phosphorus
You are at the grocery store looking for calcium supplement. Which of the following supplements would be the best and safest? Calcium from organic oyster shell Calcium and magnesium calcium citrate and vitamin D Starch free dolomite
Calcium citrate and vitamin D
Which of these are part of the structure of bone? Calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus Potassium and calcium Calcium, magnesium, and potassium Calcium only
Calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus
Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer cells? 30sec Cancer cells have mutated DNA which is not easily repaired by the body Cancer cells can avoid apoptosis Cancer cells multiply at a higher rate that most non-cancerous cells Cancer cells always originate in the liver and travel to other organs
Cancer cells always originate in the liver and travel to other organs
The B vitamins act as
Coenzymes in converting macronutrients to ATP
The B vitamins act as Anticoagulants in the body Coenzymes in converting macronutrients to ATP Antibodies to fight off infection Antioxidants in cell membranes
Coenzymes in converting macronutrients to ATP
What is the function of Vitamin C?
Collagen production, immune system enhancement, vitamin E reactivation
Which of the following accurately lists functions of vitamin C? 30sec Collagen production, immune system enhancement, vitamin E reactivation Collagen production, vitamin A absorption, immune system enhancement Prevention of cavities, vitamin E reactivation, enhanced iron absorption Prevention of heart attacks, preventing fatigue, vitamin K reactivation
Collagen production, immune system enhancement, vitamin E reactivation
At a recent doctor visit, Connor's blood pressure was 150/90 mm Hg. What does this number indicate and what would you recommend for Connor's diet? Connor's blood pressure is normal and no changes need to be made to his diet. Connor's blood pressure is too low; he should focus on consuming more fluid throughout the day to increase the pressure in his arteries. Connor has hypertension; a diet high in both sodium and potassium would promote a reduction in his blood pressure level. Connor has hypertension; the DASH diet would be appropriate for Connor to promote a reduction in his blood pressure level.
Connor has hypertension; the DASH diet would be appropriate for Connor to promote a reduction in his blood pressure level.
What is the first rule of nutrition prior to, during, and following a workout or athletic event? Consider individual tolerance for drinking and eating before, during, and after the event Avoid carbohydrate consumption after the event Always include dietary fiber in a pre-workout or pre-event meal Consume at least 1 gallon of water the day before workout or event
Consider individual tolerance for drinking and eating before, during, and after the event
The timing of protein intake is important for a strength athlete, but what factor is even more important for promoting muscle protein synthesis? Consuming simple carbohydrates immediately after a strength training workout Consuming only plant-based proteins, which stimulate more muscle protein synthesis than animal-based proteins Consuming enough protein and calories to support muscle protein synthesis on a daily basis Consuming an adequate amount of polyunsaturated fat each day
Consuming enough protein and calories to support muscle protein synthesis on a daily basis
The timing of protein intake is important for a strength athlete, but what factor is even more important for promoting muscle synthesis?
Consuming enough protein and calories to support muscle protein synthesis on a daily basis
Roger has been feeling thirstier since he moved from Missouri to Colorado. Which of the following is not a condition that is stimulating Roger's thirst mechanism in the hypothalamus? An increase in the concentration of solutes in Roger's blood A reduction in Roger's blood volume Roger's dry mouth Consumption of more animal-based protein
Consumption of more animal-based protein
In the U.S., large amounts of commodity corn are grown, some of which is used to make high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Why is commodity corn used to make HFCS?
Corn is heavily subsidized by the government, thereby providing a readily available and cheap material for use in making HFCS
"Lacto" is referring to what type food?
Dairy Products
Deanna is an active 38-year-old pregnant woman who has gestational diabetes. She is originally from Mexico and was at a healthy body weight at the start of her pregnancy. She continues to exercise every day during pregnancy and is eating several servings of fruits and vegetables every day as well. Which of Deanna's characteristic put her at risk for developing gestational diabetes? Deanna's risk factors include being active during pregnancy and her age. The only risk factor Deanna has is her age. Deanna's risk factors include her age and her ethnicity. Deanna has no risk factors for the development of gestational diabetes.
Deanna's risk factors include her age and her ethnicity.
Daphne moved from Colorado to the University of Texas to run on the cross country team; after several weeks, she has noticed that she feels more comfortable exercising the heat and humidity. Which of these adaptations would not occur when someone is acclimating to the heat? Decreased blood pressure during activity Sweating over a larger area of the body during activity Increased blood volume during activity Sweating earlier during activity
Decreased blood pressure during activity
Which of the following is a stimulus for the thirst mechanism in the brain? Decreased blood volume Dry mouth Increase concentration of solutes in the blood Increased blood pressure
Decreased blood volume Dry mouth Increase concentration of solutes in the blood
Deanna has gestational diabetes and has not managed it well, which puts her child at risk for macrosomia. What is macrosomia and what is an associated risk?
Delivering a large (in weight) baby; the child is at risk for being overweight later in life
What disease involves problems with the regulation of blood glucose?
Diabetes
Who discovered Vitamin B3(Niacin)?
Dr. Joesph Goldberger
Tom just finished a 2-hour bike ride. What is the best way to assure that he replenishes his glycogen stores? Consume at least 64 ounces of water within 4 hours. Eat a high-protein meal within 12 hours to assure that less carbohydrate is used for repair in the body and can be stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. Emphasize high-fiber foods over the next 48 hours to promote the most efficient glycogen resynthesis in the body. Eat a high-carbohydrate meal within 2 hours to assure the most efficient level of glycogen resynthesis in the body.
Eat a high-carbohydrate meal within 2 hours to assure the most efficient level of glycogen resynthesis in the body.
Misha would like to increase his omega-3 fatty acid intake. Which of the following is the best way to do so? Take a flaxseed oil supplement. Eat more fatty fish (e.g., salmon) in the diet. Take a fish oil supplement. Eat more vegetable oil in the diet.
Eat more fatty fish (e.g., salmon) in the diet.
Trayvon is undergoing cancer treatment and has lost his appetite. How would you recommend he consumes adequate calories each day? Eat small meals and snacks throughout the day. Eat only when feeling hungry. Consume at least 16 ounces (2 cups) of water with each meal. at three set meals but increase the size of each.
Eat small meals and snacks throughout the day.
Gwen does not consume enough iron in her diet and is at risk for developing anemia. Which of the following would not help Gwen to improve her iron status? Cooking foods (especially acidic foods) in cast iron cookware Consuming a source of vitamin C along with sources of iron Consuming more animal sources of iron in her diet Eating most of her daily iron intake at breakfast
Eating most of her daily iron intake at breakfast
Other than water, what else does this marathoner need to replace?
Electrolytes
Wether a person gains or looses weight depends on...
Energy Balance
What government-mandated practice must food manufacturer abide by to prevent neural tube defects?
Enriching certain foods with folate
In the body, which of the following can damage DNA? High levels of protien A high deficiency of vitamin A Excess of free radicals
Excess of free radicals
T/F Dietary supplement manufacturers must register each of their products with the FDA.
False
T/F The dietary supplement market is not very large and, as a result, no lobbying groups exist to represent dietary supplement manufacture
False
T/F Saturated fat should be emphasized over unsaturated fat intake
False
T/F The stomach significantly decreases in size due to an inflatable band placed around it is an effect of gastric bypass
False
T/F: Heme iron is found in only farm animals
False
T/F: The label "organic" always means that is is healthier in nutrient content than its conventional counterpart
False
True or False: Cancer cells always originate in the liver and travel to other organs
False
True or false The FDA has inspected the facilities of all of the dietary supplement manufacturers in the U.S.
False
t/f: Commodity corn is a food that can be consumed immediately after being picked from the field.
False
true, false: Powder whey protein is not considered a dietary supplement
False
True or false Calcium and potassium are part of the structure of the bone
False Calcium and phosphorus are
T/F: Being underweight is much more healthier than being overweight
False, being underweight can be just as damaging
T/F: Fructose is found in meat
False, fructose is the sweetest
T/F Much of the energy used during rest and low intensity activity comes from carbs
False, it comes from fat
T/F: Heme is found in plants and animals
False, it is only found in animals
T/F Saturated fatty acid chains are kinked
False, saturated fats are straight, and unsaturated fats are kinked
Which of the following best explains the relationship between fiber and bile. Bile is absorbed by fiber, increasing the effectiveness of the fiber. Bile is used to digest fiber in the small intestine where the fiber is then absorbed into the body. Fiber binds excess bile, making it easier to reabsorb bile into the body. Fiber binds to bile and both are excreted in the feces.
Fiber binds to bile and both are excreted in the feces.
What ingredient in foods like oatmeal keeps you feeling full for long periods of time
Fiber, because it takes longer to move from the stomach into the small intestine
What happens when a person consumes too much fluoride?
Fluorosis (looks like holes in the teeth)
An excess of which of the following is associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease? 30sec Glycerol Free radicals Antiphospholipids Phytochemicals
Free Radicals
Carter has been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Which type of molecule is associated with an increased risk of this disease? Free radicals Phytochemicals Antiphospholipids Cholecalciferol
Free Radicals
What is the correct order for the process of fat digestion after the liver produces bile?
Gallbladder stores bile, bile is released from the gallbladder, bile emulsifies the fat in the small intestine, enzymes break down the fat in the small intestine, products of fat digestion are absorbed from the small intestine
Louisa, who is overweight, has recently become pregnant. She has been feeling very fatigued and needs to go to the bathroom in the middle of the night. Based on these symptoms, what will her doctor likely test her for?
Gestational Diabetes
Kenneth adds table sugar to his coffee each morning. Which monosaccharides will he eventually break the table sugar down to in his GI tract?
Glucose and Fructose
Bert adds milk to his Cheerios every morning. Which monosaccharides will he eventually break the milk down to in his GI tract? Two molecules of galactose Two molecules of fructose Glucose and galactose Glucose and fructose
Glucose and galactose
When an athlete "hits the wall", they have run out of which of the following fuels? Triglycerides in the muscle Glycogen in the blood Glycogen in the muscle and liver Triglycerides stored in adipose tissue
Glycogen in the muscle and liver
Which of the following foods would be the best choice for an endurance athlete who needs to promote rapid glycogen resynthesis after a prolonged workout? Gummy bears Brown rice Fiber-rich whole grain bread Whole wheat pasta
Gummy bears
Which of the following individuals would be most likely to benefit from a dietary supplement? Harrison, who is recovering from major surgery as a result of burns on 60% of his body. Teddy, a cross country runner who consumes a variety of fruits and vegetables each day. Linval, a sedentary male who works a desk job 8 hours/day. Marcus, a 30-year old male who does moderate cardiovascular exercise for 1 hour/day.
Harrison, who is recovering from major surgery as a result of burns on 60% of his body.
A man at your gym spends 30 minutes each day running on the treadmill. What would you recommend in terms of fluid intake during his run? He should not consume any fluid, as it is not necessary until he has run for at least 90 minutes. He should consume at least 16 ounces of a carbohydrate-containing sports drink during his run. He should not consume any fluids but should consume a solid food source of carbohydrate, such as a bagel, half way through his run to replenish his glycogen stores. He should consume water at least once during his run if he feels thirsty.
He should consume water at least once during his run if he feels thirsty.
A football coach sees that one of his players has collapsed during an outdoor practice. After pulling him into the shade, the coach touches the player's forehead and notices that his skin is hot and dry. What heat illness is the player most likely suffering from?
Heat Stroke
Body mass index (BMI) takes into account an individual's ___________, but not their __________. Diet and age; body composition Age and gender; fat patterning Height and weight; body composition Body composition and height; age
Height and weight; body composition
The percentage of whole blood that is comprised of red blood cells is termed as:
Hematocrit
The percentage of whole blood that is compromised of red blood cells is termed as:
Hematocrit
What information cannot be provided by a DEXA scan? 30sec Bone density Percent lean mass Percent body fat Hematocrit level (%)
Hematocrit level (%)
Where is heme iron found and why is it found in certain type(s) of food?
Heme iron is found only in animal products because it is a part of hemoglobin present in animals.
What intensity of activity would you recommend for someone who has limited time to work out and is interested in losing body fat?
High Intensity
What does a complete protein mean?
High Quality
Which of the following factors would not contribute to a reduced bone density over time? Low intake of calcium High body weight smoking sedentary lifestyle
High body weight
For an individual who has only 30 minutes a day to work out, what intensity of activity will be most effective in promoting weight loss?
High intensity, which will use more calories overall along with using the same amount of fat in comparison with low intensity
Which of the following changes in mineral intake would you recommend for someone with high blood pressure?
Higher potassium and lower sodium
Which of the following is considered the "silent killer" and why? Stroke, because the most common effect of a stroke is a loss of hearing. Heart attack, because an individual is unable to speak while having a heart attack. Hypertension, because it exhibits no outward symptoms. Type 1 diabetes, because it can be diagnosed in children before they have the ability to communicate with adults about the symptoms they are experiencing.
Hypertension, because it exhibits no outward symptoms.
A deficiency or a toxicity of iodine may result in _______, which is _________. Hypotension ; damage to arteries in the heart A goiter ; an enlargement of the thyroid gland Hypertension ; having too much water in body A goiter ; an accumulation of fluid beneath the skin
Hypotension ; damage to arteries in the heart
Where in the U.S. food supply to most individuals get most of their iodine? Idolized Salt Protein Citrus Fruits
Idolized Salt
When did the organic movement begin?
In Europe in the 1920's
The suffix "-emia" means what?
In the blood
An individual who is underweight but is seeking to gain weight should: Eat only during the evening hours, especially immediately before going to bed Consume foods that are high in calories but low in micronutrients Increase calorie intake by 500-1000 calories/day Consume at least 50% of calories from fat
Increase calorie intake by 500-1000 calories/day
Hung is interested in controlling his risk of developing CVD and decides to try the DASH diet. Which of the following would be representative of the DASH diet recommendations?
Increase consumption of fish while reducing red meat intake
Which of the following would not be a stimulus for the thirst mechanism in the brain? Decreased blood volume Dry mouth Increase concentration of solutes in the blood Increased blood pressure
Increased blood pressure
Which of the following is not a way in which an antioxidant enzyme system keeps free radicals under control? Increased neutrophil production Convert free radicals to neutral molecules Make more antioxidants available Break down oxidized molecules
Increased neutrophil production
Which of the following is not a way in which an antioxidant enzyme system keeps free radicals under control?
Increased white blood cell production
Which of the following is not a way in which an antioxidant enzyme system keeps free radicals under control? 30sec Increased white blood cell production Break down oxidized fatty acids Convert free radicals to neutral molecules Make more antioxidants available
Increased white blood cell production
Which of the following is incorrect regarding type 1 diabetes?Which of the following is incorrect regarding type 1 diabetes? Type 1 accounts for about 5% of all cases of diabetes in the U.S. Type 1 is an autoimmune condition in which the pancreas cannot make insulin, there by requiring insulin treatment. Individuals with type 1 diabetes are always born with the disease. Type 1 is most often diagnosed in adolescents.
Individuals with type 1 diabetes are always born with the disease.
What is a form of treatment for diabetes?
Insulin injections or pump
The function of myoglobin, which contains ______, is _______. Zinc ; transporting fats to the liver Iron ; transporting oxygen in the blood Zinc ; helping carbs. be turned into energy Iron ; transporting oxygen within the muscle
Iron ; transporting oxygen within the muscle
Which of the following is false regarding trabecular bone? It comprises approximately 80% of the skeleton Its turnover is very rapid It is very sensitive to changes in nutritional status It is porous and spongy-looking in composition
It comprises approximately 80% of the skeleton
Your aunt is seriously considering having gastric surgery to help her lose weight because previous weight loss diets have been unsuccessful. What information would you give to help her make her decision? Her BMI of 43 is not high enough to qualify for the surgery. She should not go through the surgery because the potential complications are typically more life-threatening than being morbidly obese. It is a serious decision because of the lifetime of medical and nutrition supervision needed after surgery, but it can result in a significant weight loss. It is a good idea because the procedure is very simple and has very few side effects.
It is a serious decision because of the lifetime of medical and nutrition supervision needed after surgery, but it can result in a significant weight loss.
What does the average daily fiber intake look like for an American?
It is below recommendation
Excess nitrogen may exist in the body as a result of synthesizing compounds that do not contain nitrogen from proteins. How does your body handle the excess nitrogen
It is processed by the body and excreted as urea
Excess nitrogen may exist in the body as a result of synthesizing compounds that do not contain nitrogen from proteins. How does your body handle this excess nitrogen? It is processed by the body and excreted as urea It is used by the liver to make new antibodies It is absorbed by muscle cells to help in muscle growth It is processed by the kidneys and goes back into the bloodstream
It is processed by the body and excreted as urea
Prior to the passing of the Farm Bill, why was HFCS not used as a sweetener in the US
It is too expensive du to the fact that corn was not grown in excess at that time
The Farm bill that was passed in the 1970s changed agriculture in the U.S. in what way?
It pays farmers for growing more food, which has resulted in an excess of commodity corn being grown in the U.S.
Luciano burns 3000 calories each day (this includes all three components of energy expenditure) while eating a total of 3600 calories a day. If this continues, what will happen to Luciano's body weight over time? It will remain the same A deduction about body weight cannot be made from calorie intake and expenditure alone. It will increase It will decrease
It will increase
John has been getting symptoms of unusual tiredness, difficulty concentrating, and having constant headaches. John is showing symptoms of anemia John is showing symptoms of pellagra John is showing symptoms of hypothyroidism John is showing symptoms of scurvy
John is showing symptoms of anemia
The carbon chain in an unsaturated fatty acid is _________, lending to the fatty acid being ______ at room temperature. Kinked, liquid Straight, solid Straight, liquid Kinked, solid
Kinked, liquid
Which of the following is most likely to be found as part of the plaque that can accumulate in the arteries? LDLs, lipoproteins that bring triglycerides to the tissues HDLs, lipoproteins that bring cholesterol to the liver LDLs, lipoproteins that bring cholesterol to the tissues HDLs, lipoproteins that bring triglycerides to the tissues
LDLs, lipoproteins that bring cholesterol to the tissues
Edward Elric is trying to increase his calcium intake but does not like to drink milk. Which of these might be a better food group to focus on? Many grains contain vitamin D and calcium if they are unprocessed. Many meats contain high levels of calcium and sometimes also contain vitamin D to help increase bioavailability. Calcium supplements offer no risk of toxic overconsumption and are the next best source to dairy. Leafy greens often provide a surprisingly high amount of calcium. However some, like spinach, can have issues with bioavailability.
Leafy greens often provide a surprisingly high amount of calcium. However some, like spinach, can have issues with bioavailability.
A "planetary healthy diet" should incorporate more of which of the following foods? Red meat Legumes Refined grains Chicken
Legumes
Once the monosaccharides are absorbed into the bloodstream, where do you think they are going?
Liver
Nishika eats a bagel and fruit for breakfast before going to class. Her body does not use all of the carbohydrates immediately, so where can they be stored?
Liver and muscles
Nanette eats pasta for dinner. Her body does not use all of the carbohydrates in the pasta for energy immediately, so where can they be stored and in what form? Liver and muscles; glycogen Spleen and pancreas; starch Brain; glycogen Large and small intestine; starch
Liver and muscles; glycogen
Anemia is a condition characterized by:
Low hemoglobin levels in the blood
Which of the following statements accurately describes the effect of "fat patterning" on the risk of chronic disease
Males, who are more likely than females to develop an apple0 like fat patter, have an increased risk of developing chronic diseases due to placement of fat in the abdominal region
What has the US government done to prevent neural tube defects?
Mandated that grain products be fortified with folate
Where do most Americans get fluoride in their diet? Many cities put trace amounts of fluoride in tap water. The government mandates that table salt has fluoride added to it. Most whole grain products have significant amounts of fluoride in them. Fluoride is found in soil, so mushrooms are a good source of fluoride.
Many cities put trace amounts of fluoride in tap water.
Which ethnicity typically uses a lot of lard in cooking?
Mexican
The preferred treatment for weight loss when someone is overweight or obese is: Taking at least two prescription drugs designed to reduce the individual's feeling of hunger Adding two or more hours of vigorous physical activity to the individual's daily schedule. Gastic bypass surgery Modifying diet and activity levels to promote a negative energy balance
Modifying diet and activity levels to promote a negative energy balance
Where does most chemical digestion occur?
Most of it occurs in the small intestine
Why are daily protein needs based on body weight?
Much of the body is made up of protein, so a larger body size will require more protein intake
Fuel storage occurs in certain places in the body. Which of the following stores both carbohydrates and fat?
Muscle
An essential fatty acid is a fatty acid that: Can be made in the body Is toxic if you consume it Must be consumed the same time as carbs Must be consumed in the diet
Must be consumed in the diet
Vitamin E protects cell membranes by:
Neutralizing free radicals present in the cell membranes through electron donation.
Why do you think that newborns often times receive a vitamin K shot after birth?
Newborns do not have bacteria populated in their intestine yet, so in order to assure blood clotting in the event of an injury, a vitamin K shot is given
For someone with kidney disease who is consuming a large amount of protein, what component of protein would be a concern? Nitrogen Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Is there a system in place to detect the harm that supplements might cause?
No
Is the manpower of the dietary supplement division of the FDA big enough to monitor all dietary supplement manufacturers in existence?
No, 25 employees
Dan has a cold and has decided to take Vitamin C supplements to help boost her immune system, is this effective?
No, Vitamin C is water soluble therefor excess will be excreted in the urine
Can lactose be absorbed from the GI tract into the body?
No, lactose must first be broken down into monosaccharides before it can be absorbed into the body
Can someone have too much B vitamin?
No, the additional B vitamins will help turn macronutrients into energy
If someone who is a vegan (eats only plant-based foods) does not consume any cholesterol in their diet, is that a problem?
No, the body can make cholesterol when needed
Harvey consumes 1500 mg of potassium each day. Does this meet the recommendation for daily potassium intake?
No, the recommendation for potassium is 4700mg a day
Are the health benefits of a vegetarian diet guaranteed if someone simply starts consuming only plant-based foods?
No, there are many plant-based foods that are not healthy
What is meant by not exceeding the satiety level when taking a dietary supplement? Not taking more of a given nutrient in supplement form than you could eat in a reasonable serving of a food that is a significant source of that nutrient. If you are taking a nutrient in supplement form you should also consume at least three servings of that nutrient from food since supplements are poorly absorbed. You should not consume a specific nutrient from food if you are also consuming that nutrient in supplement form. Never taking more than four times the recommended daily dose of a supplement.
Not taking more of a given nutrient in supplement form than you could eat in a reasonable serving of a food that is a significant source of that nutrient.
What are the two essential fatty acids?
Omega 6-linoleic acid Omega 3-linolenic acid They regulate cellular function in the body
Aurelia is 7 months pregnant and has been diagnosed with gestational diabetes. She is doing her best to manage her symptoms but she is unaware if her gestational diabetes can ever be cured. What would you tell Aurelia?
Once you give birth, this will cause your diabetes to disappear, but you will be at a greater risk for type 2 diabetes in the future
When a whole grain is processed, which part(s) of it remain and what are the effects of the processing? Only the endosperm; decrease in the grain's fiber and micronutrient content Bran and germ; increase in the grain's concentration of vitamins Endosperm and germ; decrease in the grain's saturated fat content Whole grains are crushed into a powder when processed and no parts of the grain are removed.
Only the endosperm; decrease in the grain's fiber and micronutrient content
A food in which 95% of the ingredients are organic can be labeled as: organic 100% organic healthy made with organic ingredients
Organic
When you break your arm, the ______ in your body will need to build new bone tissue to repair the break. 30sec Phospholipids Osteoblasts Monosaccharides Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
What is the first sign of early or mild osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis does not exhibit outward symptoms
Female fat patterning is usually in the shape of a(n) ___________.
Pear
Beta-carotene is a(n)__________ which means__________. Antioxidant and fat soluble vitamin; it donates electrons to free radicals and is absorbed with fats. Phytochemical and antioxidant; it is found exclusively in red meats. Mineral and antioxidant; it donates electrons to free radicals. Phytochemical and provitamin; it is found in plants and is converted into a vitamin in the body.
Phytochemical and provitamin; it is found in plants and is converted into a vitamin in the body.
Payton is considering the benefits of a plant-based diet. If Payton becomes a vegan, which of the following would be present in abundance in her diet? Vitamin B1 (thiamin) Vitamin B12 Phytochemicals Complete proteins
Phytochemicals
LDLs can become part of __________in the arteries.
Plaque
Which of the following is not an effect that atherosclerosis has on the cardiovascular system? Blood flow in the arteries is impaired due to accumulation of scar tissue The arteries stiffen and lose elasticity The heart must work harder to move blood through the vessels Plaque builds up and expands the artery walls, allowing for more blood flow
Plaque builds up and expands the artery walls, allowing for more blood flow
How could poorly controlled diabetes be related to dehydration?
Poorly controlled diabetes can result in a excessive urination
Mikayla eats "Multi-Grain Clusters Cereal" for breakfast. Is Mikayla consuming whole grains when she eats this cereal? The name of the cereal does not matter, as all breakfast cereals in the U.S. must contain 100% whole grains. Probably not because the word "whole" is not in the name. However, she should check the ingredient list to see if any whole grains (with the use of the word "whole") are listed there. No, the use of the word "clusters" always indicates the presence of only processed grains. Yes, the use of the words "multi-grain" indicate that the cereal contains whole grains.
Probably not because the word "whole" is not in the name. However, she should check the ingredient list to see if any whole grains (with the use of the word "whole") are listed there.
Which of the following statements about sodium and potassium is false?
Processed foods are a major source of sodium and potassium
Collagen, a(n) _____, helps support which tissues?
Protein; bone and skin
Collagen, a(n) _______, helps support which tissues?
Protein; bone and skin
Kahil is constantly sick and cannot seem to recover quickly from his illnesses. Recently he found out that he is protein deficient; how could these two things be related? Proteins function in fat metabolism and a lowered fat metabolism makes the body more susceptible to viruses. Proteins are one of two dietary sources of nitrogen, which is essential for proper immune system function. Proteins are essential in the transport of vitamin B1 (thiamin) which can help increase immune defenses. Proteins help create key immune system proteins. Therefore, protein deficiency causes lowered immune defenses.
Proteins help create key immune system proteins. Therefore, protein deficiency causes lowered immune defenses.
Which of the following foods does not contain a complete protein? Roasted sweet potato and quinoa salad. Edamame (soy bean) appetizer. Strawberry yogurt with chia seeds. Red pepper, tomato, avocado, and lettuce sandwich on whole wheat bread.
Red pepper, tomato, avocado, and lettuce sandwich on whole wheat bread.
A gastric bypass (weight loss) surgery serves to: Remove the entire small intestine so calorie absorption is greatly reduced Anchor a flexible tube in the esophagus to reduce calorie absorption in that area Attach the small intestine directly to the esophagus to avoid calorie absorption in the stomach Reduce the size of the stomach to make the individual feel fuller with less food intake
Reduce the size of the stomach to make the individual feel fuller with less food intake
Laura is trying to eat nutrient dense foods. Which of the following would be the most nutrient dense? Candy Bar Roasted Peanuts Starbucks hot chocolate Deep fried onion rings
Roasted Peanuts
Which type of exercise would be best to help reduce osteoporosis risk? Road Biking Endurance swimming Running Olympic rowing
Running
What do you think the major source of chloride is in the American diet? Whole Wheat Bread Water Bananas Salt
Salt
Penelope is a long distance runner who is seeking to keep her body's glycogen stores as high as possible during her race. Which of the following would be the most effective to ensure she is not depleting her glycogen stores during her race?
She should aim to drink a sports drink such as Gatorade about every fifteen minutes throughout the race
Sitka, who is running in a marathon two weeks from today, is looking to maximize her body's carbohydrate stores. Which of the following is the besttiming for Sitka to consume carbohydrates after her exercise in order to maximize her carbohydrate stores? She should consume carbohydrate-rich foods 24 hours after her exercise to maximize carbohydrate storage She should consume carbohydrate-rich foods within 2 hours after her exercise to maximize carbohydrate storage Studies show that maximizing carbohydrate storage is independent of timing; the quantity of carbohydrate consumed post-exercise is the only factor in maximizing carbohydrate stores She should consume carbohydrate-rich foods 8 hours after her exercise to maximize carbohydrate storage
She should consume carbohydrate-rich foods within 2 hours after her exercise to maximize carbohydrate storage
*Moon Shaped Cell* Which disease is being represented by the picture below? What causes this to happen? Kidney failure; the kidney cell in the center of the picture changed shape because of a genetic mutation in the DNA Sickle cell anemia; the proteins that are made are very fragile and change shape as they bump into things while moving around the body Sickle cell anemia; a change in one amino acid in the hemoglobin protein Brain cancer; brain cells spontaneously change shape, as shown in the picture
Sickle cell anemia; a change in one amino acid in the hemoglobin protein
What is the pathway that the majority of lipids follow for absorption into the blood stream
Small intestine-micelle-intestinal wall-chylomicron-lymph-bloodstream
Bone loss can be slowed by doing which of the following: Starting a resistance (strength) training program Getting vitamin K injections Eating less trans fat Consuming more potassium in the diet
Starting a resistance (strength) training program
What would be the best method of cooking food to minimize loss of nutrients? Soaking green beans in water before pan frying Steaming broccoli and carrots Boiling potatoes before roasting All cooking methods will results in the same degree of nutrient loss
Steaming broccoli and carrots
Which of the following is not a function of bone? 30sec Production of blood cells Storage reservoir for sodium Providing structural support Protection for vital organs
Storage reservoir for sodium
There are many factors that affect one's BMR. Of the following choices, which facts would likely increase BMR Stress or illness Increase in age Decrease in thyroid hormone levels Starvation or fasting
Stress or Illness
Select the correct statement about sustainable diets. Sustainable diets are diets with low environmental impact while still being nutritionally adequate. Sustainable diets are diets that always contain no animal-based foods. Sustainable diets are diets that are only accessible to the most wealthy individuals in developed countries. Sustainable diets are diets that individuals can stay on for at least five years, thereby maximizing weight loss.
Sustainable diets are diets with low environmental impact while still being nutritionally adequate.
It is best to get nutrients from foods:
That are unprocessed ("whole" foods)
Commodity corn is a major crop in the U.S. Why do many U.S. farmers choose to grow this crop? Commodity corn is easy to grow and does not need fertilizer or pesticide application. Commodity corn contains a large amount of micronutrients, so the U.S. government is aiming to get Americans to consume more of it to improve their health. The U.S. government gives subsidies to farmers who choose to grow commodity corn. The demand for commodity corn in the U.S. is very high so farmers can sell it at very high prices.
The U.S. government gives subsidies to farmers who choose to grow commodity corn.
What is the major determinant of an individual's basal metabolic rate? The amount of adipose tissue that someone stores in the abdominal area. How much a person eats each day. How many times a week a person engages in high-intensity exercise. The amount of lean body mass an individual has.
The amount of lean body mass an individual has.
In someone with type 1 diabetes who eats a meal with carbohydrate, blood glucose levels will increase, but there will be no insulin response. As a result, what will happen to the blood glucose levels of this individual?
The blood glucose level will remain high because glucose cannot enter the cells in the body
If a water soluble vitamin is consumed in excess, what can the body do with it?
The body will excrete it through urine
Which of the following statements is true regarding bone health? Humans have no need dietary vitamin D after age 30 Humans reach their peak bone mass at age 15 Bone density declines with age in women, but not in men The bones begin to lose density after 40 years of age
The bones begin to lose density after 40 years of age
If the seal pictured of USP dietary supplement is found on a dietary supplement package, what does that mean?
The dietary supplement has been tested and verified to contain the ingredients in the amounts listed on the supplement label.
The calcium supplement in the picture, which has 1000 mg of calcium per dose, is not the best supplement choice because:
The dose of 1,000 mg is higher than what can be absorbed at one time.
How might rapid and excessive water consumption be fatal?
The excessive water intake causes water to accumulate outside of cells. In an effort to balance the electrolyte concentrations inside and outside of the cells, water will move into the cells. When this happens in the brain, severe cell damage can happen, eventually causing death.
Why is someone who is obese more likely to suffer from sleep apnea in comparison with someone who is at a healthy body weight?
The extra weight around the neck will cause the windpipe (trachea) to collapse while someone is sleeping, resulting sleep apnea
How does the body transport endogenous fats (fats that are made in the liver)?
The liver packages endogenous fats into a VLDL for transport
Why would someone who has had gastric bypass surgery lose weight?
The new stomach size restricts how much a person can eat The food that is consumed bypasses most of the stomach and first part of the small intestine, thereby reducing absorption of calories
What is the positive aspect of the Calcium Magnesium Zinc supplement?
The presence of vitamin D will enhance the calcium absorption
Why would simple carbohydrates be better than complex carbohydrates (e.g., starch) for glycogen resynthesis?
The simple carbohydrates will be digested and absorbed faster than complex carbohydrates and as a result will speed up glycogen resynthesis
How does the body transport fats that are consumed in the diet (dietary fats)? The small intestine packages dietary fats into a chylomicron for transport. The small intestine packages dietary fats into an HDL for transport. Dietary fats are water soluble so can they travel alone in the blood stream. The pancreas packages dietary fats into a VLDL for transport.
The small intestine packages dietary fats into a chylomicron for transport.
Your friend tells you that she is going to buy a supplement that contains 2,500% of the recommended amount of each of the B vitamins, as it is going to give her energy to make it through finals week. Given what you have learned in class, what should you tell your friend?
The supplement could make someone who takes it feel more energetic only if they are deficient in the B vitamins, as the additional B vitamins will help turn macronutrients into energy.
Jennifer has a milkshake as part of her lunch. Of the two milk proteins that were discussed in class, which is absorbed the fastest? The casein because it is a fast-acting protein The soy because it is a fast-acting protein Both of the proteins will be absorbed at the same rate The whey because it is a fast-acting protein
The whey because it is a fast-acting protein
Mikal has a milkshake as part of his lunch. Of the two main milk proteins that were discussed in class, which is absorbed the fastest?
The whey because it is a fast-acting protein
Why would infants, children, and adolescents absorb a greater percentage of calcium than healthy adults?
These groups need calcium for bone growth and modeling
Relative to body weight, why do children, adolescents, and pregnant or lactating women need more protein than a sedentary adult? The protein quality being consumed is low causing a need for more protein. The absorption of amino acids is lower due to constant growth. They are constantly repairing tissues. They are building tissues and growing at an accelerated rate.
They are building tissues and growing at an accelerated rate.
What is the primary goal of CHO in digestion?
To break down poly and disaccharides into monosaccharides
What are free radicals
Toxic compounds created in the body that may contribute to certain chronic diseases
Which of the following unhealthy nutrients should have been largely removed from food in 2018? Saturated Fatty acids Fiber Trans fatty acids Added sugars
Trans fatty acids
While he is studying, Finnick is eating a pastry that is high in fat content. What form is the fat that he is eating and what form will the fat be stored as in his body?
Triglycerides; triglycerides
Kyle weighs 160 pounds and is 25% body fat. On the other hand, Tristan also weights 160 pounds but is 10% body fat. Which of these two individuals has the higher BMR rate?
Tristan
T/F BMI does not take into consideration fat patterning or body composition.
True
T/F During gastric bypass surgery the gastric juices produced by the bypassed stomach are re-routed to the lower portion of the small intestine
True
T/F Glucose is the most abundant carbohydrate in the diet
True
T/F Omega 6 is widely available in plant-based oil
True
T/F: 34.9% of American Audlts are obese
True
T/F: Calcium has poor bioavailability(rate of absorption)
True
T/F: Sustainable diets are diets with low environmental impact while still being nutritionally adequate
True
T/F: Under DESHA, dietary supplements are regulated as foods rather than drugs
True
T/F: Vitamin D plays a role in the formation of hemoglobin in red blood cells
True
True of False Breaking down oxidized molecules is a way in which an antioxidant enzyme system keeps free radicals under control
True
True or False Covering free radicals to natural molecules is a way in which an antioxidant enzyme system keeps free radicals under control
True
True or False Rathe and Ethnicity affect the Vitamin D synthesis in the body
True
True or False: Is a function of the bone to produce blood cells?
True
True or False: Cancer cells can avoid apoptosis
True
True or False: Making more antioxidants available is a way in which an antioxidant enzyme system keeps free radicals under control
True
True or False: Vitamin D activates osteoclasts, causing calcium to be released from bone and moved into the blood.
True
True or False: Lower Income Status=Higher Obesity Rates
True
True or false: Cancer cells multiply at a higher rate that most non-cancerous cells
True
True or false? The time of day affects the Vitamin D synthesis in the body
True
T/F: Unsaturated fatty acid chains are kinked
True!, saturated fats are straight, and unsaturated fats are kinked
T/F Hypertension has no outward signs
True, that is why it is called the silent killer
The B vitamins have which of the following functions in the body?
Turn the macronutrients we consume into energy
What are the 3 types of diabetes?
Type 1 Type 2 Gestational
urinating more than usual and, consequently, seems to be thirsty all the time. What could be causing these symptoms in his son? Type 2 diabetes, as his body is resistant to insulin so more insulin is produced. The excess insulin must be excreted in the urine once it fulfills its function. Celiac disease, as the gluten in his diet is routed directly to the kidneys to be excreted in the urine. Peptic ulcers, as ulcers are known to create excess fluid in the body which must be excreted in the urine. Type 1 diabetes, as his body is unable to move glucose into the cells and he is excreting the glucose in his urine in order to remove it from the blood.
Type 1 diabetes, as his body is unable to move glucose into the cells and he is excreting the glucose in his urine in order to remove it from the blood.
Who is most at risk for dehydration? 30sec Victoria, age 32, high level of muscle mass, family history of high BP Abigail, age 64, overweight, diet high in sodium Tyrell, age 85, healthy weight, poorly controlled type 1 diabetes Garth, age 25, healthy weight, family history of sodium sensitivity
Tyrell, age 85, healthy weight, poorly controlled type 1 diabetes
Which of the following meals is most likely to contain the LEAST calcium? Vegetable soup with carrots and celery A yogurt parfait with fruit and granola Cheese pizza with sardines and mushrooms A tofu noodle bowl with vegetables
Vegetable soup with carrots and celery
Which nutrient would be most likely to be toxic when taken in excess amounts? Vitamin A Vitamin C Folate Riboflavin (B12)
Vitamin A
The reduction of intrinsic factor with age compromises the status of what vitamin? Vitamin B12 Vitamin B3 (niacin) Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) Folate
Vitamin B12
Milk is packaged in containers that do not allow the transmission of UV light in order to avoid the destruction of which vitamin?
Vitamin B2(riboflavin)
In order to prove that pellagra was not an infectious disease, Dr. Joseph Goldberger exposed himself to blood and secretions from pellagra patients. Which of the following vitamins was discovered as a result of Dr. Goldberger's work? Thiamin (vitamin B1) Vitamin E Vitamin C Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Which vitamin deficiency is responsible for pellagra? Thiamin (Vit. B1) Vitamin C Vitamin E Vitamin B3 (niacin)
Vitamin B3 (niacin)
What is scurvy?
Vitamin C deficiency
What other supplement should be paired with a calcium supplement?
Vitamin D
Which vitamin can be synthesized in the body with exposure to UV rays from the sun?
Vitamin D
In response to low blood calcium levels, vitamin D helps to increase blood calcium levels by performing which of the following? Vitamin D acts at the level of the skin, increasing the absorption of UV rays to stimulate more calcium production in the body. Vitamin D activates osteoclasts, causing calcium to be released from bone and moved into the blood. Vitamin D acts to decrease absorption of calcium from the intestine. Vitamin D acts at the kidney, stimulating it to excrete more calcium in the urine.
Vitamin D activates osteoclasts, causing calcium to be released from bone and moved into the blood.
Why is vitamin D toxicity most likely to be caused by dietary supplements?
Vitamin D is not widely available in the diet, and production as a result of UV exposure is regulated.
Which vitamin is matched correctly with function? Vitamin D ; antioxidant in cell membranes Vitamin K ; produces clotting factors in blood Vitamin A ; helps maintain bone health Vitamin E ; bone metabolism
Vitamin K ; produces clotting factors in blood
Is it common medical practice to give newborns a vitamin K shot, why?
Vitamin K is produced by healthy intestinal bacteria, which newborns have not yet developed
What vitamins are fat soluble?
Vitamins A, D, E, K
What harmless substance could peroxide be converted to in the body? Water Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Urea
Water
How does water move throughout the body?
Water moves by the principle of osmosis, meaning that it follows the movement of electrolytes in the body.
As a result of the radio station contestant drinking such a large volume of water, what will happen to the cells of the body?
Water will move out of the cells
Clancy has decided to start running and soon finds himself training for a 1/2 marathon. As he trains what adaptations does the body make to improve performance?
With training, at a given intensity, a larger proportion of fat will be used, thereby sparing glycogen for use as a fuel
Which of the following individuals has increased vitamin C needs? 30sec Vash, 57 yr old man who competes in triathlons Ms.Miku, 87 yr old woman with chronic dehydration Wolfwood, 30 yr old man who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day Jenny, a 4 month old infant
Wolfwood, 30 yr old man who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day
Why is there a marked decrease in bone density for women around the age of 45-55?
Women typically enter menopause around this time, which limits the effects of estrogen on bone density.
Do you think the Aspire Assist Pump should be an option for someone who would like to lose weight?
Yes, but under certain circumstances
Is phosphorous and fluoride involved in bone health?
Yes, they both are
What is the best way to consume carbs after exercising to maximize her carbohydrate stores?
You should consume car rich foods within 2 hours after exercising to maximize carb storage
What is cardiovascular disease?
a disease of the heart and blood vessels
What is diabetes?
a metabolic disease in which the body's inability to produce any or enough insulin causes elevated levels of glucose in the blood.
Feeding corn to cattle causes which of the following health problems that would eventually cause their death: brain tumors congestive heart failure severe asthma acidosis
acidosis
Proteins loose shape (denaturation) when subjected to: Heat acids and bases Heavy Metals Alcohol All of the above
all of the above
A word with -ase as a suffix is likely what?
an enzyme
Christine started supplementing her diet with iron, selenium, and copper. For what body function are all three of these minerals required?
antioxidant enzyme system activation
Which of the following foods provides amino acids that are best absorbed by the body? cherries whole grain pasta carrots chicken breast
chicken breast
When trying to consume adequate iron in the diet it is helpful to: consider taking synthetic iron supplements because they are better absorbed than iron in foods. consider taking synthetic iron supplements because they are better absorbed than iron in foods. combine vitamin C-containing foods with non-heme iron to increase its absorption. eat iron-containing foods last during a meal so all of the other nutrients get absorbed into the body first and then iron can be absorbed more efficiently. eat non-heme iron, which is found only in plants, because it is absorbed most efficiently.v
combine vitamin C-containing foods with non-heme iron to increase its absorption.
Atherosclerosis
condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries
Haley has a cancerous tumor that was successfully removed with surgery but she is now undergoing chemotherapy to kill any remaining cancer cells in her body based on the side effects you'll likely experience as a result which diet plan would you recommend for her?
consuming adequate calories in order to prevent malnutrition and excessive weight loss
What part of the body do cataracts affect? lungs brain feet eyes
eyes
In order to ______________, ___________________ occurs during periods of inadequate carbohydrate intake. reduce high LDL cholesterol levels in the blood; reduced fat digestion and absorption fuel the brain; ketone production avoid excessive weight gain; aerobic metabolism promote weight gain; increased absorption of all nutrients
fuel the brain; ketone production
A positive energy balance over time will result in weight, ______________while a negative energy balance over time will result in weight_____________________
gain loss
galactose + glucose
lactose
Glycogen is stored in the:
liver and muscles
The DASH diet is characterized by a ______________ and ____________. low potassium intake; a high vegetable intake high saturated fat intake; consumption of fish on a daily basis high red meat intake; eating no more than 3 times daily low sodium intake; consumption of unprocessed foods
low sodium intake; consumption of unprocessed foods
glucose + glucose
maltose
Obesity is most often caused by: genetics only eating too many whole grain products. multiple factors exercising too little before age 25.
multiple factors
Osteoblasts:
produce the organic collagen components of bone.
As the intensity of exercise increases: proportionately more fat is used for fuel. proportionately more carbohydrate is used for fuel. the absolute number of calories burned decreases. Exercise intensity has no bearing on the fuels used to create ATP.
proportionately more carbohydrate is used for fuel.
As the intensity of exercise decreases: Exercise intensity has no bearing on the proportions of fuels used to create ATP. proportionately more fat is used for fuel. proportionately more carbohydrate is used for fuel. the absolute number of calories burned increases.
proportionately more fat is used for fuel.
The majority of dietary chloride is consumed from: salt, either in processed foods or used at the table celery animal-based protein sources vitamin supplements
salt, either in processed foods or used at the table
What is the deficiency disease associated with vitamin C?
scurvy
The individual pictured below is suffering from ______, due to _________. 30sec pellagra; a deficiency of vitamin C scurvy; a deficiency of vitamin C osteoporosis; a toxicity of vitamin D a goiter; a deficiency of iodine
scurvy; a deficiency of vitamin C
fructose + glucose
sucrose
Which of the following activities would be least helpful in lowering your risk for osteoporosis? swimming 4 times a week for 30 mixtures hiking 3 times a week from 30min-hour walking your dog 30 min Running 3 times a week for 30 min
swimming 4 times a week for 30 mixtures
When speaking of a nutrient, essential means that:
the nutrient must be consumed in the diet because it cannot be made by the body
When amino acids are absorbed into the body from the wall of the small intestine: they are absorbed in chains of 5-6 amino acids. they are carried directly to skeletal muscle to be used for energy. they must be broken into single amino acids before they can be absorbed into the blood. they are absorbed most efficiently in large doses of one single amino acid.
they must be broken into single amino acids before they can be absorbed into the blood.
Iodine plays a role in the production of ______ and is often added to__________ in th U.S.
thyroid hormone; salt
Iodine plays a role in the production of _____________ and is often added to ____________ in the US. bone tissue; grain products pancreatic hormones; salt the mucous lining of the intestinal wall; grain products thyroid hormone; salt
thyroid hormone; salt
Byron was diagnosed with lactose intolerant six months ago and has cut all dairy out of his diet which is severely reduce his calcium intake which type of bone tissue would be the first to be affected by is reduce calcium intake
trabecular bone tissue, due to faster turnover rate
Fat that is placed near the organs in the abdominal area is called ___________ fat and __________ the risk for chronic disease when present in excess amounts subcutaneous; increases muscular; decreases visceral; decreases visceral; increases
visceral; increases
In humans, water is obtained via beverages, food, and metabolic water. What is metabolic water?
water that is created from metabolic reactions in the body
Who is more likely to consume organic food, men or women?
women
